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Effect of fertilization and species composition on the quality of meadow fodder
Fučíková, Milena ; Hrevušová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Marie, Marie (referee)
The aim of the thesis was to assess the effect of long-term application of different doses of nitrogen with phosphorus and potassium on proportion of agrobotanical groups, on forage quality and yield of the grasslands vegetation of the type Arrhenatherion elatioris.
Longterm experiment is located near the village of Senožaty (Pelhřimov). This is mesophilous meadow with a predominance of Arrhenatherum elatius. An experiment in the form of random sample of blocks includes six varieties of fertilization: unfertilized control, PK, N50PK, N100PK, N150PK and N200PK. Evaluation of the botanical composition, forage quality and yields of meadow fodder was carried out in the 1st cut, the 2nd cut and the 3rd cut. Composition of grass, legumes and other dicots plants was evaluated by weight method. Qualitative parameters of the forage (crude protein, crude fiber, PDIE and organic matter digestibility) were evaluated by NIR spectroscopy.
The results show that yield of aboveground biomass in the first cut has been twice bigger on plots of nitrogen fertilization than unfertilized control. Variants N50PK to N200PK contained 90 % of grasses, lower than 2 % legumes and lower than 6 % other herbs. Content of crude protein and crude fiber was increased with increasing dose of nitrogen applied. In first cut was highest organic matter digestibility in variants N100PK in comparison with other variants. Yield of dry matter aboveground biomass was half in the second cut compared with the first. On variants N100PK to N200PK was high proportion of grasses and very low proportion of legumes and other herbs. In the second mowing, the highest content of crude protein have been find out in biomass of unfertilized control. The crude fiber content increased with the intensity of fertilization. In the third cut, yield of dry matter biomass was very low, but content of crude protein and PDIE was high. In dry matter biomass in third mowing, content of crude fiber was lowest and organic matter digestibility was highest. Significant correlation between the proportion of individual agrobotanical groups and forage quality were found only in the fiber content of the 1st and 2nd cut and PDIE in forage 3rd cut.
The results of the thesis show that the forage quality, yield of dry biomass and botanical composition of grassland type Arrhenatherion elatioris is most appropriate fertilize 50 kg N.ha-1 with phosphorus and potassium.
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Use of Festuca arundinacea for decorative lawns
Doskočil, Jan ; Svobodová, Miluše (advisor) ; Hrevušová, Zuzana (referee)
Use of Festuca arundinacea for decorative lawns
Summary
Festuca arundinacea is briefly bentgrass with broader and coarser leaves. Hardly perennial grass, native to Europe, is well known for its high resistance of dry weather, low intensity of maintenance and resistance of high use. These qualities gains thanks to its well-developed and deep root system, which is capable to gain water and nutrients from deeper parts of soil. Its use is in places with high use, like a race-course, edges of roads or vineyards alleyway. Today, in time of global warming, its usage becomes more important for park purposes and low-input turfs, where is its higher resistance against biotic and abiotic stresses, mainly against drought, utilized. Festuca arundinacea complement well with Poa pratensis in turf.
Goal of this work was to evaluate turfs with Festuca arundinacea and chosen grass species under different mowing frequency. According to hypothesis frequency shouldn´t affect turf coverage. Coverage should be same with different mixture composition with Festuca arundinacea.
The experiment was performed on experimental land of Czech university of Life Sciences Prague, Suchdol in 2015. Mixtures of Festuca arundinacea with Festuca rubra, Poa pratensis and Lolium perenne were seeded together with monocultures of these species in 2012. Mixture composition was 50/50 except mixture of Fesruca arundinacea and Poa pratensis, where the mixture was 75/25. There were conducted 63 plots, in 3 repetitions and in 3 different frequencies of mowing (by 14, 30 and 45 days). Each plot was 6 m2 big. The results were evaluated by analysis of variance ANOVA (P is smaller than 0.05) in program Statgraphics, version XV.
Influence of mixture composition to level of growth was significant. The highest level of growth has monoculture of Festuca arundinacea (10,6 cm). The lowest level of growth has monoculture of Lolium perenne (5,4 cm). Monoculture of Festuca arundinacea had the highest intensity of grow (0,07 cm/day) at 14-day frequency of moving. Lolium perenne has the lowest intensity of grow (0,02 cm/day). At 30-day frequency of mowing mixture of Festuca arundinacea with Poa pratensis has the highest intensity of grow (0,24 cm/day). The lowest intensity of grow has Lolium perenne (0,01 cm/day). The highest intensity of grow was at 45-day mowing frequency. The highest intensity of grow has mixture of Festuca arundinacea with Festuca rubra (0,75 cm/day). The lowest intensity of grow has monoculture of Lolium perenne (0,06 cm/day). Influence of mixture composition to coverage was statistically significant. The highest coverage has mixture of Festuca arundinace with Festuca rubra (81,3 %). The lowest coverage has monoculture of Lolium perenne (58,6%). Influence of frequency to level of growth was statistically significant. The highest level of growth has 45-day frequency of mowing (6 cm) and the lowest level of growth has 14-day frequency of mowing (3,8 cm). Influence of frequency to coverage was statistically significant. The highest coverage 14-day frequency of moving (76,5 %) and the lowest has 45-day frequency of growing (66,7 %).
The knowledge gained will be used for further compilation grass mixtures for park lawns. It turned out that it is better to prefer seeding mixtures with Festuca arundinacea than monocultures. To achieve high coverage and optimal intensity of growth with Festuca arundinacea was recommended to follow 30-day frequency of mowing.
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A reaction of grassland to application of liquid fertilizer DAM 390
Netřebová, Lucie ; Hrevušová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Jiří, Jiří (referee)
This theses summarizes results obtained from studying of one-year experimental pot of permanent grassland which was established in Vítězná - Záboří in 2015. There has been observed 4 levels of nitrogen fertilization on the meadow plot (without fertilizing, 30 kg N.ha-1, 60 kg N.ha-1 and 90 survey was influence of nitrogen on the change in species richness by using weight share representation of individual agrobotanical groups in the stand (grasses, legumes, other forbs).
Results of this experiment were considerable affected by unfavourable weather events in the observed year. We should bear in mind the short time of this experiment. Positive unofficial effect of nitrogen on higher yield of above-ground biomass was recorded, especially by using 30 kg N.ha-1 and 60 kg N.ha-1. There is an exception at using 90 kg N.ha-1 with yield off balance. From the perspective of infuence of nitrogen on changes of species richness the increasing of doses of fertilizing has shown especially in increase proportion of grasses while present retreating herbs in the species composition of the reference stand. However results of experiment are not statistically different. We can not confirm studies which state decrease proportion of legumes in the grassland due to nitrogen fertilization from results of this experiment.
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