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The contribution of Daniel Kahneman to the psychology of thinking
Zelinová, Alena ; Heller, Daniel (advisor) ; Uhlář, Pavel (referee)
Bachelor thesis in the form of scoping study summarizes Daniel Kahneman contribution to the psychology of thinking. It surveys his work from the 70s of the 20th century the subjective probability, which deals with the application of heuristics and biases in the judgement of uncertain events. It continues with prospect theory which is a descriptive model of human decision making under risk, and which reveals the automatic and systematic violations of principles of rationality in decision making. After that it focuses on Kahneman's research from the 90s in the field of hedonic psychology from the perspective of a cognitive psychologist. The thesis completes with his current work popularizing the fast and slow thinking. Part of this work is a research proposal of the price of memories from holidays, aiming to verify Kahneman's concept of the difference between the experienced utility and decision utility.
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Some psychological characteristics of candidates for roman catholic priesthood
Hálková, Petra ; Šturma, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Heller, Daniel (referee)
This Diploma Thesis is dealing with Roman Catholic divinity students in the Czech Republic. This research is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part includes four chapters. The first chapter contains from description of the catholic priesthoods and the place of priesthoods in the Roman Catholic Church in the Czech Republic, missions of priests and some problematical aspects of their life - i.e. the celibacy, insured identity of priests etc. In this chapter I tried to introduce the priesthood as a profession, I described some of their basic activities, tasks and conditions for their services.
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Sex Education at Schools in Czech Republic Previously and Nowadays
Šindelářová, Karolína ; Šulová, Lenka (advisor) ; Heller, Daniel (referee)
This thesis focuses on the development of sex education in schools in the Czech Republic since the early twentieth century to the present. The first part is devoted to the definition of sex education and its goals, principles, concepts and purpose. Another chapter describes the evolution of sex education in our country during the twentieth century. For this historic probe, theoretical materials about methods for the current time period were used. Next chapter deals with the current state of sex education. It offers an overview of actual approaches, trends and researches. Comprehensive view of sex education provides a chapter about actual situation of sex education in other European countries. The research proposal, which focuses on the effectiveness of systematic sex education, is included (in the final part of) this bachelor thesis. Keywords: sexuality, sex education, methods of education, primary school
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Problem solving in the last 20 years
Micková, Hana ; Heller, Daniel (advisor) ; Stehlík, Luděk (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the phenomenon of problem solving focusing on last twenty years. The theoretical aim of this work is to describe issues of problem solving in the selected psychological areas as cognitive psychology, personality psychology, social psychology and applied discipline psychotherapy. In chapter "Problem solving in Cognitive Psychology" the phenomenon of problem solving and other connected terms (algorithms, heuristics, knowledge-poor problems, knowledge-rich problems, etc.) are defined. Further chapters are focused on subtopics linked to the phenomenon of problem solving: in the chapter " personality psychology " these are personality traits and types of problem solvers, in the chapter "social psychology" these are conflict as kind of problem and problem solving by small group, in the chapter "psychotherapy" these are different types of therapies focused on problem solving. In the second part of this work the research proposal is described according to the previous knowledges. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Decision making under risk and uncertainty
Kramlová, Dagmar ; Uhlář, Pavel (advisor) ; Heller, Daniel (referee)
V této diplomové práci se zabývám tématem rozhodování za podmínek rizika a neurčitosti. Rozhodování, popřípadě v užším slova smyslu procesy volby" tvoří nejen všední součást duševního života, bez níž bychom nemohli zahájit den, ale i výsostnou součást té části naší psychicky, již lze chápat jako duchovní - rozhodování je výsostným projevem svobody vůle a inteligence člověka a jeho schopnosti abstrahovat od přítomného okamžiku a zaměřit se na cíl, jenž není bezprostředně a konkrétně přítomen. Konečně, nejslavnější otázka všech dob se týká právě rozhodování - " Zda být či nebýt?" Hamletovské dilema (z hlediska rozhodovací vě9y) rozpracovávám v kapitole o modelování rozhodnutí.
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Heritage of Julian Jaynes and contemporary psychology
Shtalman, Polina ; Šípek, Jiří (advisor) ; Heller, Daniel (referee)
This bachelor thesis is concerned with the theory of bicameral mind established by Julian Jaynes in the 70s of the previous century - it describes the development and characteristics of human consciousness in the course of human history. Individual chapters aim, firstly, to provide a definition of the term consciousness in a traditional sense, subsequently, to clarify Jaynes' conception of consciousness, then introducing the readers to Jaynes' theories to later, give an account on the crucial topics in psychology that deal with his theory and its current studies. The research proposal for this bachelor thesis is focused on the comparison of auditory hallucinations of mentally healthy individuals and people with schizophrenia in the Czech Republic.
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Activation programs focusing on cognitive functions for seniors
Sedláčková, Eliška ; Heller, Daniel (advisor) ; Hrešková, Lucia (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the activation programs for seniors. The theoretical section is divided into two chapters. In the first chapter, the thesis deals with activation and activation programs in general, after that it presents the types of activation programs and presents specific information about individual types of activities. The second chapter deals with cognitive function training, its specifics in seniors with cognitive disorder, the CSPTMJ is presented here, and then it analyzes the research examining the effectiveness of cognitive function training. In the design section of the research, a quantitative study is being done to examine the effectiveness of two forms of cognitive training, administrated in writing or on a computer. Methods to help verify hypotheses are MMSE and CPQ.
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Phenomenological theory of perception in Edmund Husserl's work
Kutil, Lukáš ; Takács, Lea (advisor) ; Heller, Daniel (referee)
The literary-summary section presents phenomenological analyses of perception in Edmund Husserl's work, with special emphasis on Husserl's most important works on the topic of perception, namely the Fifth logical investigation, Ideas pertaining to a pure phenomenology and phenomenological philosophy I and the lectures on Thing and space. At the beggining, the basic principles of Husserl's phenomenological method are explained, for those are fundamentally determinative for the understanding Husserl's approach to perception. Husserl's view of the process of constitution of material nature is clarified in terms of reflexion, phenomenological epoché and reduction, trancendental consciousness and eidetic reduction. The very analyses of perception are then presented within the framework of Husserl's "static" idea of phenomenology, referring to structural analyses of consciousness, while the "genetic- phenomenological" context of perception is intentionally sidelined, becoming thematic later in the text soley for the purpose of explanation of Husserl's idea of the temporal dimension of perception. In the empirical section of this thesis a cognitive-psychological research is proposed, where the synthetic proces of identification, as described by Husserl, is studied in an experimental situation. Keywords:...
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The contribution of Daniel Kahneman to the psychology of thinking
Zelinová, Alena ; Heller, Daniel (advisor) ; Uhlář, Pavel (referee)
Bachelor thesis in the form of scoping study summarizes Daniel Kahneman contribution to the psychology of thinking. It surveys his work from the 70s of the 20th century the subjective probability, which deals with the application of heuristics and biases in the judgement of uncertain events. It continues with prospect theory which is a descriptive model of human decision making under risk, and which reveals the automatic and systematic violations of principles of rationality in decision making. After that it focuses on Kahneman's research from the 90s in the field of hedonic psychology from the perspective of a cognitive psychologist. The thesis completes with his current work popularizing the fast and slow thinking. Part of this work is a research proposal of the price of memories from holidays, aiming to verify Kahneman's concept of the difference between the experienced utility and decision utility.
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