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Active labour market policy
Čechová, Kristýna ; Flek, Vladislav (advisor) ; Erbenová, Michaela (referee)
From seventies of 20th century was in western Europe high and longterm growth of rate of unemployment. With this grew also importance of labour market policy. First were used especially pasive measures. But soonly it turned out that against unemployment must be fighted actively. The importance of active labour market policy grew with the growth of rate of unemployment. In Czech Republic came up the problem of unemployment in nineties. The work deals with usage of instruments of ALMP in Europe and Czech Republic. It explores the efects and contributions of ALMP. It evaluates particular used measures and gives the recommendations how to use ALMP. The end is concentrated on Moravian-Silesian region which is one of the most problematic locality. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Labor Costs in Industrialized Countries Is There a Convergence?
Kopecký, Martin ; Erbenová, Michaela (advisor) ; Cahlík, Tomáš (referee)
This diploma thesis focuses on labor cost convergence. We interpret convergence within the framework of Samuelson's (1948) Factor Price Equalization Theorem, in which free trade equalizes factors' reward. Further, we consider the role of multinational enterprises as they serve as mediators of factor price convergence by transferring factor endowment and by affecting productivity and wages in the host country. Finally, we empirically test convergence hypothesis by applying unit root tests for a group of 21 industrialized countries for 1961-2006. We have found that labor costs convergence is surprisingly well supported by the data both for individual countries and for panel data. Similarly, we estimate that counties in Central and Eastern Europe have 10 (CR, Hun) to 15 years (SK, Pol) to move from low-wage, low cost based competitiveness to quality-based competitiveness.
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Determinants of migration from the new member states of EU into the former states of EU wiht the main focus on migration flows into the United Kingdom
Draslarová, Zuzana ; Erbenová, Michaela (advisor) ; Flek, Vladislav (referee)
The paper deals with migration in European union and with main factors, which influence this migration. The main emphasis is put on migration from new member states of EU into the former fifteen member states of EU (mainly to the United Kingdom) after enlargement of EU in May 2004. The emphasis is put also on determination of main factors that influence this migration. Introductory chapter deals with theoretical approaches of migration, with development of these theories and with determination of the real influence of factors on migration. Following chapters are focused not only on analyzing of migration in EU but also on the estimate of migration potential from new member states of EU into the old member states of EU after introduction of free movement of workers in the whole EU. The paper further analyzes migration flows from eight new member states (Central and Eastern European countries) into the United Kingdom with the main focus on determination of factors, which influence these migration flows. In this section I examine not only economic factors, which influence migration, but also non-economic factors, which are also important. Part of this paper is devoted to the migration flows from the Czech Republic into the other member states of EU (mainly to Germany) and it is also devoted to the...
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Minimum Wage: Theory, Policies and Economic Consequences in the Czech Republic
Fialová, Kamila ; Erbenová, Michaela (advisor) ; Hlaváček, Jiří (referee)
Minimum wage is a highly controversial instrument of labour market policies. Economic theorists have not reached a broad consensus regarding its consequences so far. The same situation applies to empirical research. Nevertheless, minimum wage is used in many developed countries and its utilization is recommended by different international organizations Advocates of minimum wage seek arguments mainly in decreasing poverty of low income individuals, reducing income disparities, motivation of low productive workers and making work pay. However noble these goals might be, minimum wage would not be an effective tool to promote them as it might increase only incomes of those individuals who work. Moreover, introducing and increasing minimum wage might represent a large burden for employers who might decide to fire workers, whose productivity would not reach the minimum wage. To the extent in which these negative consequences would occur, potential benefits for working poor would be limited. The thesis summarises the results of various economic concepts of minimum wage, empirical studies of its consequences and international trends in approaching of this issue. Consecutively, it presents an analysis of the minimum wage development in the Czech Republic since its introduction in 1991 and of the impact of...
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Primary school pupils awareness of Deaf community
Erbenová, Michaela ; Hradilová, Tereza (advisor) ; Kotvová, Miroslava (referee)
The diploma thesis is elaborated on the topic of awareness of primary school pupils about the Deaf community, in general about people with hearing impairment. The aim of the work is obtain information about how students are informed about the issue of the Deaf community and to increase this knowledge using research methods. The theoretical part is focused on a general introduction to the issue of people with hearing impairment, the division of hearing impairments, terms used in this field, as well as on the communication of people with hearing impairment and compensatory aids. One of the chapters then brings important knowledge about the Deaf community, their culture and also about several organizations associating people with hearing impairments in general and their surroundings. The next chapter deals with the possibilities of obtaining information about the culture of the Deaf, while the work lists the Internet, magazines, lectures and sign language courses as sources of information. Its subchapter then specifically focuses on the possibilities of obtaining this information by primary school pupils and specific attempts to inform this age group that have taken place in the past. The empirical part is devoted to the presentation of the results of the research survey. This was done using two...
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Women's position in the labor market
Mysíková, Martina ; Erbenová, Michaela (advisor)
Problems of women labor market is currently one of the most discussed issues. The member states of the European Union are supposed to perform an effort to increase female employment rate for which, namely the support of women's participation, is needed. In this study, I investigate the impact of the two policy means, which negatively influence the labor supply of women in the Czech Republic. First, joint taxation of spouses was enabled. The marginal tax-rate of women increases very often; women might therefore lower their labor supply. Second, the system of the parental leave influences the female participation. The current Czech system can create significant barrier to women in entry and return to the labor market. Therefore, it leads to an excessive loss of the women human capital. Better accessibility of part time jobs could ease the re-entry of women to the labor market. However, part-time work is also connected to various negative factors, especially the lower wages. The last part of my thesis analyzes the wage gap between the men and women. The decrease of the gender pay gap does not mean that the position of women has improved because it can be caused by participation lowering of women with potentially low wage. The pay gap consists of several components which stem not only from discrimination but...
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Minimum wage : theory, policies and economic consequences in the Czech Republic
Fialová, Kamila ; Erbenová, Michaela (advisor)
Minimum wage is a highly controversial instrument of labour market policies. Economic theorists have not reached a broad consensus regarding its consequences so far. The same situation applies to empirical research. Nevertheless, minimum wage is used in many developed countries and its utilization is recommended by different international organizations Advocates of minimum wage seek arguments mainly in decreasing poverty of low income individuals, reducing income disparities, motivation of low productive workers and making work pay. However noble these goals might be, minimum wage would not be an effective tool to promote them as it might increase only incomes of those individuals who work. Moreover, introducing and increasing minimum wage might represent a large burden for employers who might decide to fire workers, whose productivity would not reach the minimum wage. To the extent in which these negative consequences would occur, potential benefits for working poor would be limited. The thesis summarises the results of various economic concepts of minimum wage, empirical studies of its consequences and international trends in approaching of this issue. Consecutively, it presents an analysis of the minimum wage development in the Czech Republic since its introduction in 1991 and of the impact of...
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Women?s Position in the Labor Market
Mysíková, Martina ; Erbenová, Michaela (advisor) ; Hollmannová, Monika (referee)
Problems of women labor market is currently one of the most discussed issues. The member states of the European Union are supposed to perform an effort to increase female employment rate for which, namely the support of women's participation, is needed. In this study, I investigate the impact of the two policy means, which negatively influence the labor supply of women in the Czech Republic. First, joint taxation of spouses was enabled. The marginal tax-rate of women increases very often; women might therefore lower their labor supply. Second, the system of the parental leave influences the female participation. The current Czech system can create significant barrier to women in entry and return to the labor market. Therefore, it leads to an excessive loss of the women human capital. Better accessibility of part time jobs could ease the re-entry of women to the labor market. However, part-time work is also connected to various negative factors, especially the lower wages. The last part of my thesis analyzes the wage gap between the men and women. The decrease of the gender pay gap does not mean that the position of women has improved because it can be caused by participation lowering of women with potentially low wage. The pay gap consists of several components which stem not only from discrimination but...
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