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Detection of positive selection in reproductive genes of songbirds
Cakl, Lukáš ; Reifová, Radka (advisor) ; Těšický, Martin (referee)
Reproductive genes are assumed to play an important role in adaptive evolution and speciation, yet little is known about the patterns of molecular evolution in these genes within avian species. This thesis is focused on identifying reproductive genes under positive selection and analyzing their function in songbirds, the largest and most diverse suborder of modern birds. Using existing bioinformatic approaches and published genomic data of 14 songbird species, we have first constructed 12000 groups of orthologous genes and detected significant traces of recurrent positive selection within 385 of them. Using proteomic data, this genome wide set of genes was then filtered to obtain genes expressed within songbird spermatozoa and fluids from the female reproductive tract. Within spermatozoa 22 out of 940 expressed genes were positively selected, while female fluids were found to be more conserved, as only 6 out of 529 expressed genes have shown traces of positive selection. We have then computed the enrichment of gene ontology terms within the positively selected genes. The enriched terms suggest evolutionary pres- sures acting on spermatozoa cytoskeleton, molecular motors and energetic metabolism, highlighting the importance of sperm morphology and swimming speed. Furthermore, the enrichment results...
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Detection of positive selection on the molecular level
Cakl, Lukáš ; Reifová, Radka (advisor) ; Munclinger, Pavel (referee)
The rise in computational power and available genomic data has made it possible to examine the traces of selection on nucleic acid sequences. To gain the most relevant results, we need to know how are said traces created, what are their properties, how to detect them and which methods to use in a given set of circumstances. This bachelor thesis is dedicated not only to the methods we use to detect positive selection and their underlying principles, but also to the theoretical models, which allowed their conception, neutral theories, against which we test our traces and the traces themselves. Due to the dynamic nature of the genome, alongside the data we have available, the properties of the selection traces are the most important factor for picking one of the methods we have available. Especially since, speaking in the terms of an evolutionary scale, certain traces are created swiftly and disappear soon afterwards, while the formation of others requires large periods of time. Keywords: darwinian selection, positive selection, statistical methods, selection detection, dna, molecular data
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Význam a chemické složení půdních humusových látek
Cakl, Lukáš
Bachelor thesis The importance and chemical composition of soil humic substances is aimed at evaluation of qualitative characteristics of humic substances and its importance in soil. Chemical composition of humic acids isolated from Haplic Luvisol (Lesonice) was studied using standard chemical methods. Results were compared with humic acids isolated from other different sources lignite (Mikulčice) and compost (Náměšť nad Oslavou). It was showed that humic acids in different origin varied in elemental composition, amino acids, polyphenols, lipids and peptides content.
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Biochemické ukazatele vybraných půdních typů
Cakl, Lukáš
The thesis deals with quantitative characterization of glomaline in three localities (Hrušky, Bošovice and Zástřizly). We determine easily extractable glomalin by using Bradford´s method. We analyzed the dependence of glomaline on pH and physiological availability of soil nitrogen nitrogen (N/B). The glomalin content was relatively low but in view of the fact we analysed arable land it is standard. Furthermore we also reported that glomalin content was decreasing with soil depth. All these results correlate with other scientific publication. Our results show that glomalin content is one of the most sensitive biological parametr which response to soil disturbance.
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Sense Helicopter emergency servis in charge of ill
Cakl, Lukáš ; Schneiderová, Michaela (advisor) ; Kupečková, Ivana (referee) ; Klicperová, Zuzana (referee)
76 ANNOTATION Author: Lukáš Cakl Department: Institute of social medicine charles University in Prague Faculty of medicine in Hradec Králové. Department of nursing. Title of theis: Sense Helicopter emergency servis in charge of ill Consultant: Mgr. Michaela Schneiderová Number of pages: 104 Number of appendices: 12 Session: 2010 Key words: HEMS, doctor, rescuer, ill, care Summary: The Bachelor's thesis presents the Helicopter Emergency Service as an important element in a system of Emergency Medical Service. The theoretical part surveys history, progress and shows the effort of all members of the Helicopter Emergency Medical Service. Crux of the thesis is an experiential part incurred on the base of quantitative research by the method of unstandardized questionnaire investigation. The main importance is placed on illustration of mutual cooperation and cooperation and seriousness in the care of patients. In the research investigation in the period March - April 2010 there 25 respondents-doctors and 25 respondents-rescuers working in Jihlava and Hradec Králové at Helicopter Emergency Service participated.
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