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Waking Up from Neoliberal Totality? How We Invented a City in Which Nothing Can Be Created.
Moskvina, Yuliya ; Blokker, Paulus Albertus (advisor) ; Kuřík, Bohuslav (referee) ; Polanska, Dominica (referee)
Práce líčí příběh Autonomního sociálního centra Klinika v Praze. V práci zkoumám gramatiky veřejného sporu o městský prostor. Práce začíná úvodem do hlavních teorií používaných při studiu kolektivního jednání v městském prostoru - teorie sociálních hnutí, teorie prefigurace a přímé akce a teorie městských hnutí, primárně v SVE. Místo těchto přístupů nabízím ontologicky, epistemologicky a metodologicky aparát pragmatické sociologie kritiky a zkoumám veřejné spory o zmíněný sociální centrum. Aktéry, kteří ve sporu o město participovali byli státní zaměstnanci, české autonomní hnutí a pražští komunální političky. Na analyzovaném případu můžeme zkoumat gramatiky, které tyto aktéři používají, když mluví o městě, a zároveň vnitřní rozpory samotných aktérů, taktiky nadvlády a odporu k ni. Abstract The thesis recounts the story of the Autonomous Social Center Klinika in Prague. As such, it presents an opportunity to explore the grammars of public dispute about urban space. The thesis starts with an introduction to the main theories used in studying contention-social movement studies, the theories of prefiguration and direct action, and urban movements studies. These three branches are alternated with the pragmatic sociology of critique as an ontologically, epistemologically, and methodologically novel...
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No Two Homeless People Are Alike: Homelessness from the Perspective of Institutions
Janatová, Erika ; Vašát, Petr (advisor) ; Blokker, Paulus Albertus (referee)
Homelessness represents a most serious challenge for current cities and their administrations across the globe. Despite this fact, it is surprising that the topic of homelessness from the perspective of institutions has been so understudied so far [e. g. Temelová, Jana et al. 2015]. This paper will focus on the conceptualization of homelessness by institutions. It will try to describe how the institutions, which are dealing with homelessness, conceptualize it and see if the conceptualization occurs in the practice of social service providers. There are three main research questions: (1) how do institutions conceptualize homelessness?, (2) do the conceptualizations change over time and if they do how ? (e. g. under the influence of the "ETHOS" European definition (FEANTSA 2005)), (3) how is the individualizing neoliberal project manifested in this? For answering the questions I will use a qualitative research methodology - semi-structured interviews with representatives of institutions, which will be supplemented by networks mapping and structured literature search of conceptual, methodological and strategic documents, which will first be deductively and then inductively analyzed with using MAXQDA program.
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Changing Attitudes towards Human Rights in Europe: Perceptions of Czech Non-Profit Organisations
Libová, Anna ; Císař, Ondřej (advisor) ; Blokker, Paulus Albertus (referee)
This master's thesis deals with the identification and the analysis of the changes in society which lead to questioning the basic principles of human rights from the point of view of Czech non-profit organisations. In this study, it is important to divide the definition of human rights into their legal aspect, i.e. as rights of people, and their institutional aspect, i.e. as the moral imperative of equality and liberty. The latter is the main objective of this study, and is in this thesis labelled as the human rights. While the legal aspect of human rights is hard to change and to challenge, the institution of human rights is confronted by both the politics and the public. Because of their unique position between the political and the public spheres, non-profit organisations who advocate the human rights were chosen as the research sample. The dimensions of the researched phenomenon are divided into decreasing political influence of countries promoting the human rights, and increasing distrust in the legitimacy of the human rights. Findings from the research uncover the unequal intensity of the potential reasons of the changing attitudes towards the institution of human rights, and we can identify the political sphere as the creator of the boundaries in which the public reacts. As a result, this...
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Ospravedlnění a kritika v Evropské unii: studie legitimity v praxi
Gheorghiev, Olga ; Maslowski, Nicolas (advisor) ; Blokker, Paulus Albertus (referee) ; Smith, Simon (referee)
Justifications and critique in the European Union: a study of legitimacy in practice Mgr. Ing. Olga Gheorghiev ABSTRACT Inspired by the pragmatic sociology of critique developed by Luc Boltanski and his collaborators, this thesis examines how legitimacy is produced in public debates at the EU level through the craft of justification and critique among competent actors. In doing so, this research takes aim at three specific episodes in the history of the European integration that share in common the qualities of uncertainty of outcome, controversy in public debate and the urgency to reach a form of consensus and thus to resolve the created uncertainty. The examined events are the following: the Eastern enlargement of the European Union, the ratification of the Lisbon Treaty, and the adoption of specific measures in reaction to the European sovereign debt crisis. The theoretical part of this thesis situates the potential of the sociology of critical capacities for the study of the EU among other theoretical traditions, pointing out directions in which this particular theoretical framework could cover some of the limitations of other approaches. This is followed by the empirical part, which is divided in three chapters for each of the examined historical episodes. While structured somewhat symmetrically, each...
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The Trump Metaphors: Comedy News Portrayal of Donald Trump During the 2016 US Presidential Election
Králová, Petra ; Císař, Ondřej (advisor) ; Blokker, Paulus Albertus (referee)
This master's thesis deals with the implications of metaphorical language, which comedy news programs used to portray Donald Trump as a candidate during the 2016 US presidential election. First, the author outlines the most important moments of Donald Trump's presidential campaign, then introduces the comedy news genre as well as three comedy news programs - The Daily Show, Last Week Tonight and Real Time - which are included in the analytical part of the thesis. The thesis continues with the theoretical and methodological chapters, in which conceptual metaphor analysis based on the works of Lakoff, Johnson and Yanow is presented. The metaphor analysis itself, performed on 73 comedy news episodes, reveals that mostly the same metaphors were used across all three programs and they overwhelmingly portray Donald Trump as non-human. As the election kept approaching, Donald Trump was increasingly portrayed as "a natural disaster," "the apocalypse" or "the Devil." The author suggests that the overall tacit objective of the metaphors used in the three comedy news programs was to dehumanize Donald Trump. Finally, the limitations of the analysis are discussed and suggestions for further research on the implications of metaphorical language are made.
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Intersubjectivity of economic knowledge: Ukraine and Czechia
Kolomoiets, Maksym ; Hájek, Martin (advisor) ; Blokker, Paulus Albertus (referee)
Topic of work is an intersubjectivity of economic knowledge. Work is descriving the process, how is intersubjective economic knowledge may be manifested and legitimized in speech by lay individuals. In general, knowledge is presented as created, redacted and legitimized during the process of speech as an ongoing activity, intersubjective symbols are used as tools to proclaim itself. In the theoretical part, broad overview of sociological theories of knowledge are presented, and the research question was conceptualized by the terms of constructivist approach of Berger and Luckmann. Lay knowledge was manifested as mix of referring four modes of reasoning: economical rationality, societal rationality, habitual and doxic knowledge, discourses. Overemphasizing one of the mods leads to reducing the legitimity of manifestation, the process of balancing between modes is described. In addition, paper proposes suggestion of differences in intersubjective knowledge between Ukraine and Czechs, and discusses the possibilities of further research.
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No Two Homeless People Are Alike: Homelessness from the Perspective of Institutions
Janatová, Erika ; Vašát, Petr (advisor) ; Blokker, Paulus Albertus (referee)
Homelessness represents a most serious challenge for current cities and their administrations across the globe. Despite this fact, it is surprising that the topic of homelessness from the perspective of institutions has been so understudied so far [e. g. Temelová, Jana et al. 2015]. This paper will focus on the conceptualization of homelessness by institutions. It will try to describe how the institutions, which are dealing with homelessness, conceptualize it and see if the conceptualization occurs in the practice of social service providers. There are three main research questions: (1) how do institutions conceptualize homelessness?, (2) do the conceptualizations change over time and if they do how ? (e. g. under the influence of the "ETHOS" European definition (FEANTSA 2005)), (3) how is the individualizing neoliberal project manifested in this? For answering the questions I will use a qualitative research methodology - semi-structured interviews with representatives of institutions, which will be supplemented by networks mapping and structured literature search of conceptual, methodological and strategic documents, which will first be deductively and then inductively analyzed with using MAXQDA program.
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Changing Attitudes towards Human Rights in Europe: Perceptions of Czech Non-Profit Organisations
Libová, Anna ; Císař, Ondřej (advisor) ; Blokker, Paulus Albertus (referee)
This master's thesis deals with the identification and the analysis of the changes in society which lead to questioning the basic principles of human rights from the point of view of Czech non-profit organisations. In this study, it is important to divide the definition of human rights into their legal aspect, i.e. as rights of people, and their institutional aspect, i.e. as the moral imperative of equality and liberty. The latter is the main objective of this study, and is in this thesis labelled as the human rights. While the legal aspect of human rights is hard to change and to challenge, the institution of human rights is confronted by both the politics and the public. Because of their unique position between the political and the public spheres, non-profit organisations who advocate the human rights were chosen as the research sample. The dimensions of the researched phenomenon are divided into decreasing political influence of countries promoting the human rights, and increasing distrust in the legitimacy of the human rights. Findings from the research uncover the unequal intensity of the potential reasons of the changing attitudes towards the institution of human rights, and we can identify the political sphere as the creator of the boundaries in which the public reacts. As a result, this...
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