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"Beyond pure health": Exploring diagnostic pathways, quasi-medicalization, and patient expertise in dermatology
Alsaialy, Dana ; Numerato, Dino (advisor) ; Benešovská, Barbora (referee)
Pacienti stále více přebírají roli laických ‚odborníků', jejichž iniciativy jsou motivované vyvíjejícími se touhami po autonomii, všudypřítomností internetu a dalšími faktory, což vede k nárůstu sebediagnostiky a samoléčby. Zatímco tato expertizace pacientů byla předmětem stávajících studií, dermatologii se dostalo menší pozornosti, a to i navzdory vysokého zapojení pacientů, vizuální povaze dermatologických potíží a spoléhání se na heuristiku a údaje hlášené pacienty při jejich léčbě. Tato práce prostřednictvím teoretické a empirické literatury o diagnostice, vztazích mezi lékařem a pacientem a skrze důraz na koncept tzv. 'expertních' pacientů zkoumá, jak pacienti konstruují dermatologické obavy vzhledem k různým způsobům diagnózy, dermatologickým stavům a zdrojům expertízy, která je mobilizovaná v tomto procesu. Výzkum je založen na dvanácti polostrukturovaných rozhovorech s jednotlivci s dermatologickou diagnózou, stanovenou ať už jimi samotnými, nebo lékaři. K analýze dat byl použit kombinace tematického kódování a metodologický rámec zakotvené teorie, který inspiroval otevřené kódování a budování paradigmatického modelu. Výsledky naznačují, že dermatologické obavy spolu s lékařskou praxí, farmaceutickým průmyslem a dermatology byly často chápány skrze estetickou perspektivu, která přesahuje...
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Intersexuality from the perspective of expert knowledge in the Czech republic
Lindnerová, Adéla ; Benešovská, Barbora (advisor) ; Wirthová, Jitka (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with intersexuality from the perspective of expert knowledge in the Czech Republic. Its focus is on how experts approach bodies and sex, which they break down into parts that must eventually form a unified whole that can be assigned to one of the sex categories of male or female. This paper explores how expert knowledge approaches the concept of normality of bodies and sex and how it connects it to health. It shows the way in which sex binaries are shaped in medical discourse and how this binarity is socio-culturally conditioned. The research is based on qualitative analysis of 5 semi-structured interviews with representatives of Czech expert knowledge. The findings of the paper present that since experts treat intersex bodies as unhealthy and therefore not conforming to the social norm, medicine is proceeding with interventions to bring them closer to normality. The reasons for treating intersex diagnoses are rooted in society and are related not only to socialization and social order, but also to the setting of the Czech state. The binary sex division is legitimized by expert knowledge not only because of its naturalness but also because of its historical grounding.
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Wearing Gender: Men's Take on Fashion
Hrušková, Zita ; Hrešanová, Ema (advisor) ; Benešovská, Barbora (referee)
The presented work deals with the male perspective on fashion and dressing. Clothing works with various means of communication, which are used with greater or lesser awareness of the individual. The main aim of this work is to find out how this communication is formed. In other words, it is a study of what goes into men's thinking and decision-making when it comes to clothing and what role their gender expression plays in this process. The work first presents several theoretical concepts that are inevitably connected with this topic. It is further enriched by qualitative research, which presents the mentioned topics in Czech context through 11 interviews with men of two age categories. Subsequent findings are approached through the lens of the grounded theory method. The key decision-making element turned out to be the everyday experience, which is manifested in the events in which men participate on a given day. An important aspect in men's lives are also external influences, which can come from a personal level, mainly represented by their life partners, or from a community level, exemplified by interests and leisure activities. These two main influential sources are covered by the overall social context, which sets general rules about what is appropriate or expected. In the case of the...
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Finding Balance with Adderall: Responsibilization Discourses in Online Fora
Benešovská, Barbora ; Čada, Karel (advisor) ; Hájek, Martin (referee)
This thesis explores the discourses that surround psychopharmacological stimulant use in the online forum on reddit.com. The focus is on the negotiations of variable effects that people ascribe to the medication use. In the collective search for explanations and remedies, individuals become responsible for different aspects of their life in order to reach a balanced state. This state is constantly at flux and dependent on many variables, that are to be taken under control. Users thus have to monitor themselves and acquire self-knowledge, that is a based on listening to their embodied experience, and they have to adjust their bodies and daily routines. The idea of finding the right balance, that is informed by the embodied experiences, is closely connected to the ancient humoralist forms of governmentality. However, unlike in ancient humoralism, where balance necessarily meant adapting to the environment, biotechnologies have expanded the horizon of posssible modulations of bodies and selves, that may be achieved by the individuals themselves.
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