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Latin West mirrored by the Byzantine historiography (6th-8th centuries)
Bakyta, Ján ; Drška, Václav (advisor) ; Picková, Dana (referee) ; Bednaříková, Jarmila (referee)
The basic aim of the thesis is to investigate whether the Romans of the East (Byzantines) during the 6th to the 8th centuries were interested in the Latin west and the imperial rule over it. In the first part of the work, the various discourses concerning the origins of the Justinianic conquest or reconquest of Africa and Italy articulated in the contemporary sources are identified and evaluated; the only one which cannot be shown or supposed to have been officially articulated is the discourse of a source of Pseudo-Zachariah Scholasticus which makes African and maybe also Italian exulants complaining in the imperial court about the local rulers responsible for the Vandal and Gothic wars. After some other preliminary studies (e.g. concerning the so-called problem of Theodericʼs constitutional position), it is concluded that the emperor Justinian was not interested in an ideologically founded restoration of the empire, but made the western wars because of his contacts with western aristocrats. In the second part of the thesis, the presentation of the Justinianic western wars and western events or realities in the works of the Byzantine historians from Marcellinus Comes and Procopius to Theophylactus Simocatta (the 6th to the early 7th centuries) is investigated and an attempt is made to explore...
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The Oligarchy of the Four Hundred in Athens in 411 B. C. E.
Nývlt, Pavel ; Souček, Jan (advisor) ; Marek, Václav (referee) ; Bednaříková, Jarmila (referee)
Before 1891, it was commonly accepted that the most important source for the rule of the Four Hundred in Athens in 411 BCE was Thucydides' description. The situation changed thanks to the publication of the Aristotelian treatise On the Athenian Constitution, whose version of events differed markedly from Thucydides' one. There followed many attempts at determining which of the two versions was most reliable, or at combining the two versions. These controversies are the focal point of this thesis, but its ambitions are not limited to them: its ambition is also to reconstruct the chronology of the rule of the Four Hundred as precisely as is possible in context of the Peloponnesian war; and to formulate the limitations that are imposed on us by the character of sources at our disposal. Continuity of the coup with earlier developments and its impact on subsequent events are dealt with more briefly.
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The Impiety in Classical Athens
Novotný, Matěj ; Souček, Jan (advisor) ; Bednaříková, Jarmila (referee) ; Kysučan, Lubor (referee)
Matěj Novotný - Impiety in Classical Athens Abstract The thesis discusses the definition and prosecution of impiety in democratic Athens during the Classical period, i.e. in 5th-4th centuries BCE. The question of "impiety" in the narrower sense, i.e. of what was denoted by the Greek word ἀσέβεια (literally, "the absence/negation of respect"), is set into larger context of other crimes of religious character, covered by special laws: "sacrilege" (ἱεροσυλία), digging out sacred olive-trees, offences against festivals and other delicts which were not subsumed under any more general term in the laws, pragmatically formulated as they were. The dissertation builds on the work of the researchers who show considerable scepticism towards the reliability of later sources, for example Plutarch or Diogenes Laertius - this is connected with doubts concerning processes against philosophers before Socrates. At the same time, the thesis follows the scholars who doubt the authenticity of the documents inserted in the speeches of the Attic Orators. For these reasons, a considerable part of the thesis is devoted to the rebuttal of late reports and inserted documents. A particular attention is given to the Decree of Diopeithes, which is mentioned in Plutarch's Life of Pericles and is usually interpreted as criminalising...
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The Oligarchy of the Four Hundred in Athens in 411 B. C. E.
Nývlt, Pavel ; Souček, Jan (advisor) ; Marek, Václav (referee) ; Bednaříková, Jarmila (referee)
Before 1891, it was commonly accepted that the most important source for the rule of the Four Hundred in Athens in 411 BCE was Thucydides' description. The situation changed thanks to the publication of the Aristotelian treatise On the Athenian Constitution, whose version of events differed markedly from Thucydides' one. There followed many attempts at determining which of the two versions was most reliable, or at combining the two versions. These controversies are the focal point of this thesis, but its ambitions are not limited to them: its ambition is also to reconstruct the chronology of the rule of the Four Hundred as precisely as is possible in context of the Peloponnesian war; and to formulate the limitations that are imposed on us by the character of sources at our disposal. Continuity of the coup with earlier developments and its impact on subsequent events are dealt with more briefly.
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Latin West mirrored by the Byzantine historiography (6th-8th centuries)
Bakyta, Ján ; Drška, Václav (advisor) ; Picková, Dana (referee) ; Bednaříková, Jarmila (referee)
The basic aim of the thesis is to investigate whether the Romans of the East (Byzantines) during the 6th to the 8th centuries were interested in the Latin west and the imperial rule over it. In the first part of the work, the various discourses concerning the origins of the Justinianic conquest or reconquest of Africa and Italy articulated in the contemporary sources are identified and evaluated; the only one which cannot be shown or supposed to have been officially articulated is the discourse of a source of Pseudo-Zachariah Scholasticus which makes African and maybe also Italian exulants complaining in the imperial court about the local rulers responsible for the Vandal and Gothic wars. After some other preliminary studies (e.g. concerning the so-called problem of Theodericʼs constitutional position), it is concluded that the emperor Justinian was not interested in an ideologically founded restoration of the empire, but made the western wars because of his contacts with western aristocrats. In the second part of the thesis, the presentation of the Justinianic western wars and western events or realities in the works of the Byzantine historians from Marcellinus Comes and Procopius to Theophylactus Simocatta (the 6th to the early 7th centuries) is investigated and an attempt is made to explore...
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The Last Pagans and Their Position in the Christianized Roman Empire.
Prchlík, Ivan ; Marek, Václav (advisor) ; Mouchová, Bohumila (referee) ; Bednaříková, Jarmila (referee)
In this thesis the process of demise of non-Christian cults - conventionally referred to as "pagan" - in the Christianized Roman Empire is pursued, especially the question, to what degree this termination involved any persecution on part of the Christianized state, or violence on part of a state-supported church or religiously vigorous individuals. One opinion that can be found in scholarly literature holds the demise of the paganism due to the Christianization of the Roman Empire to have been only natural, swift and spontaneous, with the notorious excesses to be viewed as exception of sorts. However, this opinion stands as no conclusion of any systematic enquiry, but rather serves as mere premise to another enquiry. This thesis rounds up a great deal of accounts of the conditions faced by the so called last pagans in the Christianized Roman Empire and the violence against them. It is violence, intended for the quickest possible extirpation of paganism, which the imperial legislation had in any case allowed for; yet plenty of accounts bear evidence of this violence not always having been exercised and when considered on their own, these accounts may create the impression of a Christianized Roman Empire tolerant of pagans in their own right. Nevertheless, a comparable body of accounts regarding acts of...
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Changes in the administration of Roman cities in the 2nd - 4th cent. AD
Vavřín, Pavel ; Marek, Václav (advisor) ; Burian, Jan (referee) ; Bednaříková, Jarmila (referee)
The present study is administration in the Abstract dealing with the development of city Roman Empire wi th focus put on the situation in its western part. Most important for treating this problem are legal sources, complementarily then narrative sources. The body of substantive law, however, is only fragmentarily preserved (in later codes), and narrative sources on the topic are strongly limi ted. Despi te all tha t, i t is mainly the status of local aristocracy (decuriones/curiales) that can be studied at relatively great length. Epigraphic sources help to follow up especially the areal development of municipal administration in provinces, but their potential for the study of administrative development is very limited, both materially and chronologically. The knowledge acquired from sporadically preserved constitutions of particular cities cannot be fully generalised, with regard to local specifics as well as chronological development. The study also leans on the results of research based on archaeological sources.
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