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Polemics concerning the chalice between theology and politics in 1414-1431. A Contribution to the assumptions of the Basel disputation on the First of the Articles of Prague.
Coufal, Dušan ; Wernisch, Martin (advisor) ; Krmíčková, Helena (referee) ; Šmahel, František (referee)
The theses deals with scholarly polemic about giving communion in both bread and wine to priests and laity alike, which was held between the Catholics and the Hussites from 1414 till 1431. It concentrates on theological, prosopographical as well as political aspects of the controversy. The description of its ideological nature is based on studying both well known and not yet examined relevant literary pieces of work (tracts and quaestiones) and tries to understand them in their ideological and chronological context. On the Hussite side the three main arguments supporting the theology of the chalice according to Jacob of Mies are for the first time clearly described, on the Catholic side the background and effects of the Decree of the Council of Constance against the chalice from June 1415 are observed. Effort of the Czech Utraquists to reverse the Decree by a free public hearing is the topic of the second part of the theses. It observes how the theological controversy turns into a political cause, introduces its main participants and for the first time concentrates (with regard to some sources that have not yet been considered) on the origin of the idea of a Hussite hearing at the Council of Basel. The aim of the theses is also to outline basic ideological, literary and political preconditions for...
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Papal indulgence charters in Central Europe under the pontificate of Boniface IX (1389-1404). A comparative study
Hrdina, Jan ; Hledíková, Zdenka (advisor) ; Hlaváček, Ivan (referee) ; Šmahel, František (referee)
The goal of the dissertation i s to understand the agency of the Roman pontificate in Centra! Europe during the Great Schism (1378-1415/17), with a special focus on the papacy of Boniface IX (1389-1404). In order to analyze this question, I used indulgence charters, one of the more typ i cal kind of documents produced by the papal office. Unlike his predecessors as well as immediate successors, Boniface IX issued indulgence charters to ecclesiastical institutions in the Roman obedience in truly mass quantities. My analysis was based on the study of approximately 1,660 individua! cop i es in secretarial registers of the Vatican Archive, Registra Lateranensia, and on approx. 260 extant copies in the archives of recipients. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Polemics concerning the chalice between theology and politics in 1414-1431. A Contribution to the assumptions of the Basel disputation on the First of the Articles of Prague.
Coufal, Dušan ; Wernisch, Martin (advisor) ; Krmíčková, Helena (referee) ; Šmahel, František (referee)
The theses deals with scholarly polemic about giving communion in both bread and wine to priests and laity alike, which was held between the Catholics and the Hussites from 1414 till 1431. It concentrates on theological, prosopographical as well as political aspects of the controversy. The description of its ideological nature is based on studying both well known and not yet examined relevant literary pieces of work (tracts and quaestiones) and tries to understand them in their ideological and chronological context. On the Hussite side the three main arguments supporting the theology of the chalice according to Jacob of Mies are for the first time clearly described, on the Catholic side the background and effects of the Decree of the Council of Constance against the chalice from June 1415 are observed. Effort of the Czech Utraquists to reverse the Decree by a free public hearing is the topic of the second part of the theses. It observes how the theological controversy turns into a political cause, introduces its main participants and for the first time concentrates (with regard to some sources that have not yet been considered) on the origin of the idea of a Hussite hearing at the Council of Basel. The aim of the theses is also to outline basic ideological, literary and political preconditions for...
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The apocalyptic visions of the Hussite period
Libichová Cermanová, Pavlína ; Šmahel, František (advisor) ; Rejchrtová, Noemi (referee) ; Herold, Vilém (referee)
Předkládaná práce se zaobírá problematikou podoby a role výkladů apokalyptických proroctví v husitském hnutí. Apokalyptická, a to biblická i nebiblická proroctví jsou tu chápána jako médium symbolické komunikace a jako nástroj interpretace soudobých událostí v rámci poslední etapy pozemské historie a obecně dějiny spásy. Proroctví dávala odpovědi na otázky po smyslu, poskytovala možnost vložit do uplynulých, probíhajících i očekávaných událostí řád a stanovit jejich cíl. Byla prostředkem, jak předvídat věci budoucí a jak porozumět pravému významu přítomnosti a minulosti. Středověká apokalyptická tradice poskytovala jednotlivým autorům pružný hermeneutický systém, do kterého bylo možno vložit a v rámci něho interpretovat prakticky jakoukoliv historickou událost. Apokalyptické proroctví poskytovalo metanarativ, který strukturoval, vysvětloval a legitimizoval aktuální historické dění. Jako hlavní pramen k poznání husitského apokalypticky zaměřeného myšlení je zde využit latinský Výklad na Apokalypsu čelního táborského teologa Mikuláše Biskupce z Pelhřimova (Expositio super Apocalypsim, Ms. ONB 4520). V tomto textu, sepsaném zřejmě v roce 1430, byly objasněny mnohé alegorické výjevy z Janova Zjevení jako vztahující se k táborskému dění. Biskupec vyložil v rámci apokalyptického schématu obecnou transformaci...
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Papal indulgence charters in Central Europe under the pontificate of Boniface IX (1389-1404). A comparative study
Hrdina, Jan ; Hledíková, Zdenka (advisor) ; Hlaváček, Ivan (referee) ; Šmahel, František (referee)
The goal of the dissertation i s to understand the agency of the Roman pontificate in Centra! Europe during the Great Schism (1378-1415/17), with a special focus on the papacy of Boniface IX (1389-1404). In order to analyze this question, I used indulgence charters, one of the more typ i cal kind of documents produced by the papal office. Unlike his predecessors as well as immediate successors, Boniface IX issued indulgence charters to ecclesiastical institutions in the Roman obedience in truly mass quantities. My analysis was based on the study of approximately 1,660 individua! cop i es in secretarial registers of the Vatican Archive, Registra Lateranensia, and on approx. 260 extant copies in the archives of recipients. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Social, institutional and confessional aspect of development of the nobility in the late middle Ages
Novotný, Robert ; Čornej, Petr (advisor) ; Šmahel, František (referee) ; Jan, Libor (referee)
Jen těžko by se hledalo téma, které se v posledních dvou desetiletích těšilo u českých historikü tak velkému zájmu, jako jsou dějiny šlechty. Uvolnění ideologických zábran, které dosud vymezovaly výzkumu urozené složky společnosti okrajové místo, spustilo po roce 1989 vlnu zájmu o dosud zanedbávanou oblast. Systematický výzkum šlechtických archivü spolu s překotnou recepcí zahraničních metodologických podnětů záhy přinesly řadu pozoruhodných výsledků, především však na poli výzkumu šlechty raně novověké. Byť i v medievistice se nobilita těšila zvýšenému zájmu, badatelé se povětšinou přidrželi biografickogenealogické metody. Vznikly tak velmi pracné a materiálově cenné studie, nicméně zajetí v tradičních postupech často bránilo udělat krok dále a opustit zajeté koleje faktografického způsobu práce. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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The Synods in Bohemia from 1440 to 1540. Transformations of synodal praxis in Bohemia in the context of developement of synodality in the Late-medieval Europe
Zilynská, Blanka ; Šmahel, František (advisor) ; Hledíková, Zdenka (referee) ; Čornej, Petr (referee)
The dissertation thesis takes up the paper dealing with the synods of Hussite clergy in Bohemia from 1418 to 1440. This book consisted of list of sources and literature about synods held in that period, analysis of some texts and appreciation of the role of synods in the Hussite Church administration including their ideological acting. Starting from the final turning point of that paper (1440), I followed up with the research and interpretation of the topic. The Hussite synods before 1440 were divided according to the region into Prague, Tábor and common disputations (hádání), the Catholic synods are not documented. It was necessary to keep track of the activities of both official confession groups in the country in the following period. The Tábor centre could be observed only till 1444, when its activities came to an end. Nevertheless, a new independent radical group Unitas Fratrum (Unity of Brethern, Jednota bratrská) appeared during the examined period. The phenomenon of their synods is so specific, that it could be only mentioned in this paper. The paper is limited within the Prague diocese. The development in Moravia was completely different, that is why it was not implicated in the research. Despite I continue the research of a phenomenon named with the same term, the scene as well as the...
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Reform preaching in late medieval Bohemia. A study on the earliest sermons of Jakoubek of Stříbro
Soukup, Pavel ; Šmahel, František (advisor) ; Herold, Vilém (referee) ; Krmíčková, Helena (referee)
Reform preaching forms a traditional narrative axe in historical discourses on the prelude to the Hussite Revolution. This dissertation analyzes in detail the techniques used to formulate and spread the reform agenda. Its core is an analysis of the oldest preserved sermons of Master Jakoubek of Stříbro. It is this almost unknown source, which is the subject of the dissertation central part. The two remaining sections attempt at a wider scope and more profound comparison, taking into account additional edited as well as unedited 80urces. In this way it is possible to draw some conclusions, the relevance of which exceeds the signification of a single manuscript. I consider the reform preaching in Bohemia one of the consequences of growing disfavour towards the moral status of the visible Church, and a part of attempts, increasing in number, at creating a new and more adequate relationship with the sacrum at both personal and sociallevel. The first section of the dissertation tries to circumscribe the reform currents one from the other. The main criterion is not that oftheir teachings, but rather that ofthe strategie s used on behalf of the realization of these teachings. From this point of view, I compare the preachers' movement in Bohemia in the second half of the fourteenth century with the Waldensians and...
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The testaments of New Town burghers in the late middle ages
Jíšová, Kateřina ; Šmahel, František (advisor) ; Doležalová, Eva (referee) ; Pátková, Hana (referee)
Testaments are unique resource in the search for an understanding of the everyday lives of the residents of medieval towns. Through this medium it is possible to investigate religiosity, to analyse the social stratification of the population, and to map property relationships, family life or the relationship of individuals to death. In this country they have survived in a number of towns, including Český Brod, Plzeň (Pilsen), Kutná Hora, Litomyšl, Soběslav and Kadaň. The greatest number of testaments are found in Prague, where collections survive in the municipal rolls, along with inventories of effects in later periods, for almost the entire period from the 15th through to the 19th centuries. The oldest Czech testaments are in the memorial books of the Prague Old Town (MS 986, Liber vetustissimus) and date to the period beginning 1360 and ending 1419. A collection of some 80 testaments from the years 1428-1441 is to be found in a memorial tome (MS 992) of the Prague Old Town, while testaments from the Lesser Town (Malá Strana) survive in the council manual. An ever more designated agenda required the separation of books intended for the administration of effects from memorial or markets books. The New Town's Prague testaments are the most complete collection of Late Medieval testaments found within the...
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