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Society's attitude towards children and adolescents with behavioral disorders
ŠÍMOVÁ, Michaela
The bachelor's thesis deals with society's attitude towards children and adolescents with behavioral disorders. The work is divided into a theoretical part and a practical part. In the theoretical part, the characteristics of behavioral disorders, their classification, and the manifestations of behavioral disorders in children and adolescents at the present time are presented. Attention was also paid to risky behavior, antisocial behavior, factors influencing behavioral disorders, etiology and prevention of behavioral disorders, and the system of care for children and adolescents with behavioral disorders is also mentioned here. The last chapter already deals with the company's attitude. The practical part was carried out using a quantitative survey, using the questionnaire method. A total of 160 respondents took part in the survey. Three objectives were chosen for the bachelor thesis. The first goal was to find out how today's society perceives children and adolescents with behavioral disorders, or the clientele of institutions of institutional education. The second goal was to find out how these individuals are treated, i.e. if they are perceived as problematic or dangerous, or if society perceives them in a different light. The third goal was to find out if they also see the causes of their problems and can perceive them positively. Based on the results, it was found that society perceives children and adolescents with behavioral disorders most often as someone who often and in large quantities consumes alcohol and smokes cigarettes. The majority of respondents perceive individuals with behavioral disorders as fixable, and more than half perceive them as someone who is to blame for their disorder. The thought of individuals with behavioral disorders in society evokes mixed feelings in most. More than half of the respondents perceive these individuals as problematic, but not dangerous. The research also showed that society believes that the greatest influence on the emergence of disordered behavior is an unsatisfactory family environment and relationships with peers. Society has largely agreed that the most important factor in preventing the development of behavioral disorders is a suitable family environment. The vast majority of those interviewed also believe that children and young people with behavioral disorders in our country do not receive enough care and are not taken care of.
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Immunogenic cell death
Šímová, Michaela ; Drbal, Karel (advisor) ; Javorková, Eliška (referee)
According to the danger model, the immune system is activated by endogenous molecules known as danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMP) that are externalized from the interior of a dying cell to the cell surface or released into the extracellular space. Due to the loss of plasma membrane integrity a necrotic cell death as well as several types of proinflammatory programmed cell death are considered to be immunogenic, whereas apoptosis, on contrary, has been initially defined as a tolerogenic type of cell death. However, under certain circumstances, the immune response can be initiated by an apoptotic cell after exnternalization of DAMP molecules by newly described secretory pathways. This phenomenon was observed on tumor cells as a result of some widely used therapeutic modalities and is known as immunogenic cell death (ICD). Nomenclature of selected types of cell death is part of this thesis. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to provide an evidence of the experimental support for ICD theory during in vivo initiation of the immune response. I will evaluate the correlation between ICD and the induced exposure of DAMP molecules on the surface of tumor cells or their secretion to the extracellular space.
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Detection of surface phenotype and chemosensitivity in bladder carcinoma cells in vitro
Šímová, Michaela ; Drbal, Karel (advisor) ; Vondálová Blanářová, Olga (referee)
Tumor malignancies are the second leading cause of death worldwide. One of the reasons for the failure of oncological treatment are the uniformly set clinical guidelines, which neglect the effect of high intertumoral heterogeneity. The in vitro chemosensitivity and resistance (CSRA) assays allow for the stratification of patients prior to therapy. Therefore, the CSRA are a long-considered method for personalization of components of chemotherapy regime. Nevertheless, none of them is being routinely used in clinical practice. Certain chemotherapeutics used for their cytotoxic and cytostatic effect are also able to induce so-called immunogenic cell death (ICD) of tumor cells and activate an anti-tumor immune response. Monitoring of changes in the expression of molecules associated with the regulation of the innate immune system on the surface of dying tumor cells would enable to predict the patient's ability to respond to treatment involving modern immunotherapeutics. The feasibility of CSRA using flow cytometry and microscopy is critically evaluated in this thesis on a model of bladder cancer. Simultaneously, the correlation of the immunogenic phenotype of tumor cells and their sensitivity to selected chemotherapeutics is discussed.
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Immunogenic cell death
Šímová, Michaela ; Drbal, Karel (advisor) ; Javorková, Eliška (referee)
According to the danger model, the immune system is activated by endogenous molecules known as danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMP) that are externalized from the interior of a dying cell to the cell surface or released into the extracellular space. Due to the loss of plasma membrane integrity a necrotic cell death as well as several types of proinflammatory programmed cell death are considered to be immunogenic, whereas apoptosis, on contrary, has been initially defined as a tolerogenic type of cell death. However, under certain circumstances, the immune response can be initiated by an apoptotic cell after exnternalization of DAMP molecules by newly described secretory pathways. This phenomenon was observed on tumor cells as a result of some widely used therapeutic modalities and is known as immunogenic cell death (ICD). Nomenclature of selected types of cell death is part of this thesis. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to provide an evidence of the experimental support for ICD theory during in vivo initiation of the immune response. I will evaluate the correlation between ICD and the induced exposure of DAMP molecules on the surface of tumor cells or their secretion to the extracellular space.
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Education on Healthy Lifestyle at Selected Secondary Schools
Šímová, Michaela ; Marádová, Eva (advisor) ; Kovaříková, Miroslava (referee)
Education on Healthy Lifestyle at Secondary School ABSTRAKT This thesis deals with am issue of healthy lifestyle among pupils at secondary schools. The aim of the thesis is to find out information, or knowledge, attitudes to and perception of the hidden curriculum of school corresponding to healthy lifestyles area. The theoretical part pursues the analysis of the concept of health and healthy lifestyle, includes a view of curriculum documents related to educational training for health and focuses on teacher as the major component affecting students in shaping the relationship and the principles relating to a healthy lifestyle. Practical part describes the level of knowledge of students, the degree of compliance with the principles of a healthy lifestyle and a measure of the hidden curriculum, which the pupils at the school are influenced by. Based on the results of the research the design for inspiration of the theme of healthy lifestyle education, which can be used in teaching practice, is stated.
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Protective food.
ŠÍMOVÁ, Michaela
This bachelor thesis deal problems of preventive meals. Theoretic part is specialized on analyses of literature which is connected with this topic. There is described preventive meals like way of sustenance which is important to preventive health against civilization diseases. In the next part is written connection between civilization diseases and nutrition. Health and education of health is necessary to keep psychic, visceral and social health of human. The human is exposed to high claims, faster lifestyle and stress situations in his life. There is also mentioned program of Health for all in 21th century. Practical part deal research of meals habits, information about health meals, which is connected to rise of illness and attitude of human. Research was made by means of questionnaire. There were 128 people who answered. One of two research questions was confirmed and the second one was unconfirmed.
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Interruption problems in the view of student of the secondeay schools for healt workers.
ŠÍMOVÁ, Michaela
The dispute over interruption is one of the most intensive and most controversial political and ethical discussions in today{\crq}s modern civilization. It includes a great number of opposed, controversial opinions and attitudes both in the sphere of medicine and on the political or ethical ground. I have selected the topic of this work on the base of personal interest in the issue of termination of pregnancy, because this issue bears the basic questions and attitudes of man to the existence of the individual. Today the issue of interruption is sharply polarized into two controversial rivalling groups, i.e. the ``pro-life{\crqq} movement and the ``pro-choice{\crqq} movement. The dispute over termination of pregnancy has been becoming more and more topical issue not only in the Czech Republic but also in the world. The aim of this work was to map the attitudes of students not only of graduation classes of selected sanitary secondary schools to the issue of interruption and to compare the mapped attitudes of students of the Faculty of Health and Social Studies and of the Theological Faculty of the University of South Bohemia with the attitudes of respondents of graduation classes of the selected sanitary secondary schools to the issue of interruption. On the base of this aim, two hypotheses were stated in the research part of the work. After that, the questionnaire investigation was performed, for which a structured questionnaire had been elaborated. The questionnaire was filled out by fifty respondents of the Faculty of Health and Social Studies and fifty respondents of the theological Faculty of the University of South Bohemia of České Budějovice. On the base of that investigation, one of the hypotheses was not confirmed. Available literature and current Internet sources were used for the theoretical and for the practical part of the work. The work should serve primarily to the students themselves and to other readers as a modest data source for this extensive issue, and the research part of this work could be used as a small summary both for laymen and for professionals teaching at universities and high schools, so that they have the possibility to look at the issue of interruption from the point of view of the students, future professionals and workers of different areas.
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Effectivity of project Game again to AIDS
ŠÍMOVÁ, Michaela
Effectivenes of the Playing Against AIDS project The topic of my bachelor's thesis is the effectiveness of the "Playing Against AIDS" project. HIV/AIDS is one of the most serious diseases of today, and evokes feelings of fear among people. It is important to prevent the spreading of this disease through responsible behaviour, especially but not only in terms of sexual life. This is why I chose a topic concerning the prevention of this issue. The goal of my thesis was to summarise basic information about HIV/AIDS. I focussed on history and the current situation of HIV/AIDS, transmission routes, treatment and above all prevention. The "Playing Against AIDS" project devotes the greatest attention to prevention at elementary schools. The aim of the projet is to help youngsters graps the basic skills and knowledge about how the HIV virus is transmitted, thus pointing out its danger. The entire project is conducted in the form of a game. This unique method is highly effective, because all the students are involved in the game, are obliged to think about the issue and about their own attitudes and behaviour in potential risky situations. My objective was to map awareness about HIV/AIDS among pupils aged 12-14 years before and after participating in the "Playing Against AIDS" project. Research was conducted according to the axes for quantitative research using a questionnaire survey and secondary data analysis. The questionnaire was anonymous and consisted of six questions. I evaluated and compared the questionnaires, and determined that awareness among children about HIV/AIDS is fairly satisfactory, but not entirely sufficient. Prevention should be systematically promoted. One of the possible solutions is greater and better education not only among students, but for the public in general, and the expansion of lessons addressing this issue, as well as the active involvement of the entire pedagogical collectvive into the project.
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