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Some Aspects of Armed Forces regulations and Their Comparison Within The Czech Legal System
Čadková, Zuzana ; Štefko, Martin (advisor) ; Vysokajová, Margerita (referee)
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Some Aspects of Armed Forces regulations and Their Comparison Within The Czech Legal System
Čadková, Zuzana ; Štefko, Martin (advisor) ; Vysokajová, Margerita (referee)
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Current situation regarding the sources and intake of selenium in European population
Půtová, Lucie ; Čadková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Křivská, Daniela (referee)
This bachelor thesis is focused on the current dietary recommendations and the actual intake of selenium from food for the European inhabitants, divided into 6 appropriate regions. Above all, the thesis deals with the issue of the sources of this element and possible ways of its supplementation. Part of this thesis is also the identification of areas in which there is a risk of low intake of selenium, and at the same time there the reasons for this deficit are adressed.
In the introduction selenium is characterized as a trace biogenic element that has physical and chemical properties, which affect the organism of each individual. Selenium can have a wide range of positive effects, but at the same time, of course, its toxicity needs to be taken into account. For this reason, in this study space was devoted to diseases that selenium may cause in cases of non-compliance with the recommended amount of intake.
The amount of the intake of selenium depends mainly on its content in the soil. The concentration of selenium differs according to the geographical conditions of individual regions, which are described in the main part of this thesis. Each region contains a different amount of selenium in soil and consequently in animal and plant products. According to my knowledge from the study of literature, another very important factors is the availability of certain foods, such as fish, which are rich in selenium and thus greatly increase concentration of selenium in the daily diet for several states. The focus was also given to countries, that don't have food rich in selenium, and thus, continue to seek the best possible form of supplementation.
This thesis shows the total comparison of the daily intake of selenium in the specific states of Europe. The results have shown that the most stable intake of this element occurs on the territory of the South Europe. They are mainly coastal states and there is a very good availability of fish products mentioned before. By contrast, in south-eastern Europe it is evident that due to the low financial possibilities the problem of selenium deficit is not dealt with and it is assumed that there may occurr a decline in intake of this element in the diet.
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Se-Metabolism inside the mammalian organism fed Se-supplemented Brassica napus forage
Žíla, Ondřej ; Čadková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Václav, Václav (referee)
The aim of the thesis was to determine whether the individual Se-speciation in the mammalian organism are affected by the form of received selenium. Selenium is an essential micronutrient important for humans and animals. It plays an important role in the antioxidant protection of the organism and in the conversion of thyroid hormones. In our experiment the laboratory Wistar rats were divided into three groups. Each group had a different diet. The rats were fed with selenium in the form of soy, sodium selenite and extracted rapeseed meal. Urine samples were regularly collected during the four-week experiment and in the end of the feeding study, the blood serum was also collected. The total selenium content was measured by ICP-MS, while the individual Se-speciation in urine and serum by HPLC coupled with ICP-MS. In the urine the identified speciation were methylselenocystein (MeSeCys), trimethylselenium (TMSe) and selenosugar 1 and 3. In the blood serum the measured speciation were TMSe, selenite, selenate and selenosugar 1. For the group fed with sodium selenite the measured values in the urine were generally higher, this might be due to a higher overall intake and also an inorganic form of selenium with a lower absorbency. Groups that received selenium from plant sources took in several Se-compounds and the total measured content of Se-speciation and secretion dynamics were not significantly different. Additionally speciation of selenosugar 2 was measured for the group fed with rapeseed meals, which in the other groups did not appear. When receiving selenium from plant sources the biotransformation in the mammalian organism differs in comparison to receiving selenium from mineral salts. The initial hypothesis that Se-speciation is influenced by the form of selenium administered in the diet was confirm by our results. Since the group fed rapeseed showed similar results as the group fed a standard feed with soy, the extracted rapeseed meal could serve as a good source in livestock nutrition.
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