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South Korean Nuclear Program and the American Support of the Authoritarian Regime
Stoláriková, Lenka ; Hornát, Jan (advisor) ; Raška, Francis (referee)
The issue of nuclear proliferation on the Korean Peninsula and the question of legitimacy and support of the nondemocratic leaders are some of the current political challenges. The roots of the Korean nuclear pursuit reach all the way back to the 1970s when the authoritarian South Korean president Park Chung-hee ordered the launch of the so-called Project 890. The United States, Soul's protector and sponsor of many years, had to find a way of how to deal with that situation and to consider their alliance with South Korea. This thesis is mostly an analysis of the American support of the South Korean authoritarian regime at the end of the 1970s. The main aim is to evaluate whether it was possible for the US to reduce its economic and military assistance at the end of Park's rule and to promote the democratization of the country. It tries to explore the factors, which influenced the US decision. Subsequently, it verifies Owen and Poznansky's theory on the existence of two conditions needed for the US to be willing to stop supporting the pro-American authoritarian regime and to allow the democratic elections to take place. This work builds on their theory and adds some other aspects, relevant to this case. It argues that the Korean nuclear pursuit could have been one of the significant factors for the American...
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Trump's campaign promises to fight terrorism and its following implementation in the first two years in the office
Bohunická, Klára ; Hornát, Jan (advisor) ; Raška, Francis (referee)
In my bachelor thesis, I tried to answer my main hypothesis, which was that presidential candidates give many promises during their campaigns and they are not able to fulfill them after taking the office because of missing competences. Sometimes it is not even technically possible. I tried to apply this theory on the campaign of Donald Trump, especially on three promises that were focused on fighting terrorism in the United States. To achieve my goal I examined the promises Trump gave during tha campaign. After that I focused on the steps taken by Trump since his inauguration in January 2017 until the middle of his term in January 2019. The first promise I focused on was "closing parts of the internet where ISIS is". The only one step Trump did in this area was signing a statement in which he and the G7 leaders called for intensifying the pressure from social media to combat online terrorism. From a technical point of view, this promise has been problematic from the beginning. The first problem was the fact that Trump did not have sufficient competence to fulfill it. Second problem was the first amendment to the US Constitution. It protects freedom of speech and closing parts of the Internet would disrupt these freedoms. Thanks to this promise I have confirmed my hypothesis that candidates during...
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Development support of the US: Case study of assistance in Iraq
Dvořáková, Eliška ; Hornát, Jan (advisor) ; El-Ahmadieh, Jakub (referee)
This bachelor's thesis deals with effectiveness of development cooperation and democracy promotion of United States of America in Iraq. The US provides the most resources for development cooperation in the world at face value. Annually, they define a few tens of billions of dollars from their federal budget. It is a highly debated and controversial topic, whose effectiveness is constantly argued by both politicians and economists. The region of Middle East and North Africa is among the largest recipients of US cooperation. When Iraq and US are debated, everyone imagines the US invasion in Iraq, but they also provide a very voluminous development cooperation. But the question that remains is its effectiveness and its impact on Iraq's development. The first part of the thesis focuses on the basic terminology and types of cooperation, its main theories, motivations and objectives of states for providing development assistance and the basics of democracy support. The second part is devoted to American development support - a brief history of its delivering and attempts to reform it. It also contains a sub-chapter about US institutions through which development cooperation and democracy promotion in the Middle East is delivered. The last chapter contains a case study on effectiveness of US development...
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The United States, China, and the Emerging Balance of Power in the Arctic
Lavengood, Zachary Colin ; Hornát, Jan (advisor) ; Raška, Francis (referee)
The increasing pace of climate change in the last two decades has brought the Arctic, a former geopolitical afterthought, into growing prominence on the global stage. Receding ice and melting tundra have made a cornucopia of rare earth metals and hydrocarbons ripe for extraction as well as opened new shipping lanes which have the potential to revolutionize how goods are moved around the planet. In this emerging environment is a budding balance of power which involves the most powerful actors in the world-system, two of which, the United States of America and the People's Republic of China, are the focus of this thesis. Their respective arctic policies shape the balance of power for not only themselves, but for all other actors in the theater. The United States' laissez faire attitude towards the Arctic has caused it to fall behind the progress of other powers in the region which could make it difficult to assert its influence in the theater in the future. China however has chosen to follow an ambitious arctic policy despite its geographical distance from the region, and has given the arctic a prominent position in its greater Belt and Road project, much to the suspicion of traditional arctic powers. Analyzed through a realist lens, the balance of power in the Arctic appears to be stable for the...
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Combined Action Program (CAP) as a successful tool of US COIN application in vietnam war
Bálint, Miroslav ; Hornát, Jan (advisor) ; Raška, Francis (referee) ; Fojtek, Vít (referee)
The American war in Vietnam was one of the Cold war conflict and United States had entered this war within their policy of communist detained. United States had supported France first. Later, they took political and military responsibility themselves. Despite many recommendations, US Military Command had chosen conventional way of fighting, which was based on large scale strikes against enemy to undermine his will. This strategy reflected US history of war success and technological superiority. But the main difference was theatre of conflict itself. The enemy was fighting guerrilla way and avoided large scale struggles. The only solution was to the application of counterinsurgency strategy, which was focused on winning "Hearts and minds" of Vietnamese population. Its development occurred in everyday fighting experience and combat troops had started to apply it successfully in many Vietnam areas. Unfortunately, American army wasn't able to apply this successful model across the board and insisted on conventional way of pacification till the end of the Vietnam war.
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Comparative analysis of the United States foreign policy towards Iranian nuclear program and its potential terrorist implications during the presidencies of George W. Bush and Barack Obama (2001-2005/2012-2017)
Drozd, Michal ; Raška, Francis (advisor) ; Hornát, Jan (referee)
This thesis submits broader understanding of George W. Bush and Barack Obama presidencies in terms of their Middle Eastern policy, in particular the issue of Iranian nuclear policy. The main interest lies in an intention to conclude, which particular circumstances led the American governments to rethink their position towards the Iranian nuclear program, bearing in mind changes which took place in security, economic and foreign policy interests of the United States. The first chapter describes the theoretical framework upon which the entire thesis is based upon. The second chapter provides a short review on the MENA region, describing the most visible factors and issues form the very last years of the second administration of Barack Obama. The third chapter is based upon the research of the Iranian position in the MENA region, its potential, and what possibilities the U.S. government posses in order to contain Iran from spreading its influence. The next chapter deals with an issue of nuclear terrorism and its connections towards Iran, evaluation of possible nuclear terrorist menace and possibilities of so called "Dirty Bombs" usage. The fifth chapter is based upon the research of the first presidency of George W. Bush and the policies which were implemented after the terrorist attacks on 11...
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The Activity of Organizations Supporting Civil Society in the Middle East: The Cases of Egypt and Turkey
Ahmed, Sarah Saad Mohmed ; Hornát, Jan (advisor) ; Záhora, Jakub (referee)
CHARLES UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Institute of Political Studies Department of International Relations Master's Thesis 2018 Sarah Ahmed CHARLES UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Institute of Political Studies Department of International Relations The Activity of Organizations Supporting Civil Society in the Middle East: The Cases of Egypt and Turkey Master's thesis Author: Sarah Ahmed Study programme: International Relations Supervisor: PhDr. Jan Hornát, Ph.D. Year of the defence: 2018 Declaration 1. I hereby declare that I have compiled this thesis using the listed literature and resources only. 2. I hereby declare that my thesis has not been used to gain any other academic title. 3. I fully agree to my work being used for study and scientific purposes. In Prague on 31.07.2018 Sarah Ahmed References AHMED, Sarah. The Activity of Organizations Supporting Civil Society in the Middle East. Praha, 2018. 106 pages. Master's thesis (Mgr.). Charles University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute of International Relations. Department of International Relations. Supervisor PhDr. Jan Hornát, Ph.D. Length of the thesis: 198,979 Characters. Abstract First, this thesis will be focused on democracy promotion and civil society as concepts that emerged and occupied a large scholarly literature. I deem...
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U.S. Polarization in Congress: The role of Congressional Member Organizations in the House of Representatives
Hodboď, Dominik ; Hornát, Jan (advisor) ; Klvaňa, Tomáš (referee)
This thesis aims to contribute to the current academic debate on contemporary polarization in the U.S. Congress. The paper provides a brief overview of the relevenat existing literature and schools of thought on the issue. As part of the thought direction which steers away from definining roots and causes of polarization among the general public but rather sees them as issues of the political elite, this thesis highlights the need to focus on individual Congressional Member Organizations (CMOs) in the House of Representatives and their connection to polarization. By applying an existing dataset accepted among political science scholars as the key tool for measuring polarization, the thesis seeks to affirm the presumed ideological differences among the individual CMOs (or caucuses). The main part of this thesis which adds value to further discussion is the case study of all roll call votes of the 114th House of Representatives examining voting cohesion of the studied caucuses. The aim of this study is to show to what extent the CMOs are in fact consistent voting blocs and how influential they can potentially be within the political elites in the House of Representatives and to what level they may be contributing to the contemporary polarization.
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Participation of the Executive and Legislative on War Powers After 9/11
Doskočil, Jan ; Hornát, Jan (advisor) ; Kozák, Kryštof (referee)
The subject of this thesis is a resolution titled "Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Terrorists" and its importance regarding the matter of war power of the President of the United States. This resolution was proposed by the President George W. Bush immediately after the terrorist attacks of 9/11, and Congress passed it with haste. It vested broad war powers in the President to the war on terrorism without the necessity of consulting Congress. This thesis' aim is to evaluate the importance of this resolution in the ever-evolving discussion about the participation of the executive and legislative branches on war powers. The thesis also analyzes the legality and legitimacy of the resolution according to the Constitution and the Founding Fathers' intentions while creating it. This thesis addresses these issues through analyzing diverse interpretations of the Constitution, statements made by the Framers of the Constitution, and through examination of the development of war powers in the second half of the 20th century.
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