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Evaluation of ontogenetic development of the mandible using geometric morphometric methods
Kiebelová, Alena ; Velemínská, Jana (advisor) ; Brůžek, Jaroslav (referee)
During ontogeny there are a lot of changes in the entire human skeleton. This thesis deals with shape changes in the mandible, which are caused by genetic, hormonal, as well as mechanical factors. The most important mechanical factors influencing the shape of mandible are development of deciduous and permanent dentition and also development of masticatory muscles. 34 children mandibles of known age and 14 adult mandibles were analysed and compared for this thesis. Data were obtained by scanning coordinates of 36 landmarks using Microscribe G2X, and then were processed by software PAST and Morphologika2 using multivariate statistics (PCA, MANOVA). Geometric morphometrics is used for a detailed analysis of shape changes of the mandible. There is no difference between dental and chronological age. In conclusion, lower jaw narrows during growth, the body extends more in the region of third molars and the ramus grows mainly in the region of condylar process. Chin prominence also occurs during ontogeny. In the group of adult mandibles the variability is caused by coronoid process height and the body width. The hypothesis, that age groups are significantly different from each other, and therefore due to tooth mineralization there are marked shape changes, is confirmed.
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Assessment of variability of the facial shape in Czech population
Šmahelová, Dana ; Blažek, Vladimír (referee) ; Velemínská, Jana (advisor)
Human face is one of the elements in which humans' variability and individuality is reflected. This is especially due to a face variability of shape. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate variability of human's face and its sexual dimorphism. The base for the study is a set of 50 females with average age 21,6 and 50 males with average age 21,1. The data set was processed using the methods of geometric morphometrics. The main outcome is an average surface model of males and females which could be used in biomedical and forensic antropology. In this data set, variability of face is set by differences of size, height and width including characteristics which shows significant sexual dimorphism. The male's forhead is slighlty arched with markedly developed superciliary and the area of glabella. There is deeper position of eyes in an eye socket. Males are also likely to have a wide and flat nose with sharper transition of frontal bone (os frontale) into nasal bones (os nasale). Generally, males have bigger and relativelly more narrow face with slightly prominent zygomatic bones (os zygomaticum). Males also have less volume of face soft tissues. On the other hand, males have more massive area of low face with more highlihted musculature around oral cavity which become into a wide prominent chin. Key...
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Roentgencephalometric study of patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate
Cagáňová, Veronika ; Velemínská, Jana (advisor) ; Borský, Jiří (referee)
The present study of orofacial clefts, concretely unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), is based on the cephalometrics analysis of lateral X-ray films of 23 ten-years-old females and 18 ten-years-old and fifteen-years-old males. This study is aimed at evaluation of sexual dimorphism in the human skeletal and soft tissue profile at the age of ten years approximately. The main aim is to describe development of skeletal and soft tissue profile during pubertal growth spurt in males after secondary bone grafting (SBG) and evaluate the effect of SBG by comparison with sample of patients with UCLP who did not undergo SBG. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were analyzed by using the classical morphometry and in the case of longitudinal study was used the finite element analysis (FESA) in addition. The results reveal that in girls, contrary to boys, more marked basic abnormalities of the cranium and soft tissue profile can be observed. The craniofacial development is satisfactory in patients with secondary bone grafting, there is a marked dentoalveolar proclination and contemporary proclination of upper and lower incisors. Because of marked increasing prominence of the nose, there is an increase of the global convexity of the profile, furthermore. The development of skeletal and soft tissue profile during pubertal...
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Spondylopathy in La Tene period population of Bohemia and Moravia
Červenková, Lenka ; Likovský, Jakub (advisor) ; Velemínská, Jana (referee)
La Tène period is the period of Celtic civilization. This period is now one of the most popular epochs, not only in Bohemia, but generally throughout Europe. It is a period of history between the year 400 BC and the turn of the era - part of the Iron age. Skeletal remains of people from historical periods tell many things about their health and lifestyle. Diseases of the vertebrae and spine are most common pathological findings amongst skeletal material. This work is devoted to findings of congenital defects and degenerative diseases of the spine in the skeletal files from La Tène period of Bohemia and Moravia. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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