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Virtual democracy: information technology, modern society and digitized elections
Sál, Karel ; Jüptner, Petr (advisor) ; Novák, Miroslav (referee)
The thesis "Virtual Democracy: Information Technology, Modern Society and Digitized Elections" has the ambition of approaching the theoretical debate of the relatively new koncept of e-democracy. New technologies in combination with modern society have great potencial in changing the political space not only as a medium, but also the character of the actors of the process. In the first plan the thesis deals with the practical usage of electronic devises on the basis of new technologies in the area of voting egality, knowledgeable understanding, control of agenda setting and efficient participation. In the second plan it deals with the main circumstances for the implementation of new technologies, and in the end examinates the normative dimension of these new technologies in enduring or weakening of democracy. Due to the fact, that the topic of new technologies in democracy lies between today and the future, the thesis occupies itself also by the expectations of their impact on the future of politics. An indivisible part of virtual democracy is the poll digitalization, who's form and role will be also a part of the thesis's preoccupation. Keywords elections, democracy, e-democracy, digitalizacion, information technology, virtual democracy
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Borda rule as an alternative to other types of ordinal majoritarian electoral systems
Švec, Radek ; Lebeda, Tomáš (advisor) ; Novák, Miroslav (referee)
This thesis focuses on the less studied electoral systems, which are called ordinal. These methods allow the voters to order the candidates according to their preferences. The work provides a historical insight into this issue with regard to economics and political science theories, based on the concept of the Condorcet winner. Condorcet winner is the person who defeats all other candidates in pairwise elections and by theorists of the electoral system is the ability to choose the Condorcet winner essential. The work examines three electoral methods - alternative and suplementary vote and Borda rule. These electoral systems are analyzed in terms of effects to system of political parties, political actors and the electorate, with the emphasis on the utilization rate of preferential votes. These aspects are examined on the basis of the actual election results obtained from the website of the electoral commissions and independent institutions. Based on these data, a mathematical model that compares the effects of electoral systems is then created. The conclusion summarizes the results of the analysis and the author expresses further recommendations to address these electoral methods, not only professionally and scientifically, but also as real alternatives for real election.
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The Preferential voting of the Koalice voters in the elections for the Chamber of deputies in 2002. Never more with the KDU-ČSL into the coalition
Navrátil, Vojtěch ; Lebeda, Tomáš (advisor) ; Novák, Miroslav (referee)
Diploma thesis "The Preferential voting of the Koalice voters in the elections for the Chamber of Deputies in 2002. Never more with the KDU-ČSL into the coalition" is concerned with the preferential voting of the Koalice voters in the elections in 2002 in selected electoral districts which are The Liberec Region, The Hradec Králové Region and The Zlín Region. The thesis focuses especially on the question in how big municipalities gained the KDU-ČSL and the US-DEU canditates the highest support from voters, wheter there was a connection between the distribution of preferential votes for the KDU-ČSL candidates and theUS-DEU voters of the Koalice in 2002 with distribution of preferential votes for these parties by the Čtyřkoalice voters in the regional elections in 2000; whether the structure of municipalities, in which the Koalice voters in 2002 and the KDU-ČSL and the US voters in 1998 in the elections for the PSP ČR bestowed the highest and the lowest percentage of preferential notes, was different; whether the proportion of preferential votes for the KDU-ČSL and the US-DEU candidates was connected with a local variability of the chosen sociodemografic variables and what was the distribution of regional electoral support of the best succesful candidates in 2002. The basic level of the almost whole...
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Electronic democracy and its potential in the Czech Republic
Bejdák, Radek ; Lebeda, Tomáš (advisor) ; Novák, Miroslav (referee)
The diploma thesis examines new phenomena of electronic democracy which is becoming more popular with the internet expansion. The thesis summarizes existing research in the field of electronic democracy from a view of forms that could be or are taken. The aim of this summarization is to show that new transformational changes affecting our society do not automatically implicate a shift towards direct democracy. Using theoretical summarization a state of the art of electronic democracy in the Czech Republic is described. Importance is given to an analysis of contemporary evolving tools and initiatives which were developed from two directions - top-down and a bottom up. A part of this analysis is an assessment of important factors that are stimulating a development of electronic participation - freedom of information right, internet penetration and computer literacy.
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Portugal: Party a Political System
Šorfová, Vendula ; Novák, Miroslav (advisor) ; Krausz Hladká, Malvína (referee)
O sistema partidário e politico no ämbito da evolugäo do regime democrático desenvolveu se do semipresidencialismo a sistema parlamentar pela su logica. A outra transformagäo ocorreu no nivel do funcionamento dos governos. O sistema transformou se de govemos extremamente instáveis e de coligagoes a governos estáveis de maiorias absolutas. Actualmente, o sistema está baseado na logica maioritária, o que facilitou o amadurecimento da democracia e das instituigôes politicas tal como do comportamento politico. Esta transformagäo foi causada pelos factores favoráveis. O mais importante é o facto que a sociedade portuguesa é homogénea, por isso o nivel da polarizagäo é muito baixo. Isso facilitou a contiguidade dos dois partidos politicos mais grandes que compartilham o mesmo eleitorado. Por isso, um destes partidos consegue ganhar a maioria absoluta dos mandados parlamentáis. O mais interessante é o facto, que é possivel ganhar da maioria absoluta apesar da utilizagäo do sistema eleitoral da representagäo proporcional, mesmo que com o certo nivel da disproporcionalidade. O estudo do sistema politico e partidário portugués é muito interessante em vista da ciéncia politica, a respeito de comportamento eleitoral, regulamento do sistema dos govemos, posigäo do presidente ou cultura politica. Se ponha em questäo a...
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The Position of Prime Ministers in the Political Systems of the Czech Republic and Slovakia
Numerato, Marek ; Just, Petr (advisor) ; Novák, Miroslav (referee)
Diploma thesis The Position of Prime Ministers in the Political Systems of the Czech Republic and Slovakia is focused on the comparison of the roles of prime ministers in the political systems of the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The selection of these countries for comparative analysis has not been informed only by the shared history, but also by similar problems and challenges that these countries have been dealing with since their foundation in 1993 such as democratisation, economic and societal transformation, consolidation of constitutional institutions or the path towards the European integration. The study maps the experiences of actors of the executive power in both countries and points out the fact that the position of a prime minister in the political system has not exclusively been related to the personality of a prime minister. Furthermore, it is affected by an electoral system and party systems, the nature and stability of governments. Additionally to these easily visible and manifest indicators, the scope of activities of a prime minister also depends on political culture or other variables with a personified nature. Moreover, the institute of a president, legislative bodies, and specific political parties and ministers represent the key "opponents" of a prime minister. The study also observes...
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Europeanization of Parliamentary Parties in Czech republic
Kučerová, Lucie ; Just, Petr (advisor) ; Novák, Miroslav (referee)
The process of the European integration finalized institution-wise by the EU presents an evergreen discussion topic of virtually all the areas of social studies. One out of many consequences of this phenomenal integration scheme of the modern times is the topic of europeanization of the national structures of the single member states. This thesis is focused on discovering the rate of europeanization and analyzing the overall attitude of the parties represented in the parliament of the Czech Republic. As the research on europeanization is struggling with methodological and terminological ambiguity, the first chapters of the thesis are devoted to the overview of the most important conceptions, models and approaches in relation to the europeanization topic. There is also space for the phenomena related to the europeanization process (euroscepticism, political parties on the EU level and so on). The specific analytical frame reflecting the main criteria of the research of the Czech political parties is consequently introduced based on the detailed description of terms and concepts. Europeanization is assessed in the minimalistic way - as process closely related to the existence of the EU. The europeanization process itself is then understood as a reflection of the European integration in the domestic...
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Attempt to reform the electoral system from the years 2007 - 2009
Trávníček, Matěj ; Novák, Miroslav (advisor) ; Lacina, Tomáš (referee)
The diplomas deals with an attempt of the second Mirek Topolánek's government to reform the electoral system for elections to the Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic. The first part is focused on the current electoral system. It presents it and examines its various components. The next section then briefly introduced the reform of the electoral system, which was rejected by the Constitutional Court in 2001 and sets out options and limits of the reforming the electoral system in Czech republic. After that, the alternative proposals for reform are very briefly introduced and finally the last part analyzes the final form of a failed attempt to reform. The emphasis is on the design of constituencies, the introduction of a bonus for the winner and the measurement of proportionality of the electoral system. In the conclusion are presented proposals to innovate if necessary of this attempt, so it can better meet firstly its objectives and secondly make that its individual components would be in better compliance.
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