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Total Home: Care and Social Life in Psychiatric Institution
Tichý, Mikuláš ; Abu Ghosh, Yasar (advisor) ; Klepal, Jaroslav (referee)
The thesis is based on three months of participant observation in a long-term care facility in 2010 and interviews conducted during next three years. It draws from a perspectives of medical anthropology and anthropology of institutions. The focus is on an ethnography of institution for clients with chronic mental disease, dementia and substance abuse. The thesis is mapping institution's components and actors, their social life and relationships in the institution. The analyses is based upon the concept of total institution by Erving Goffman, and draws from thoughts of Josef Pieper, Martin Buber, Emanuel Lévinas and Michel Foucault. A long-term facility is an institution, which shares clients and some of problems with classical examples of total institutions, but recent reforms aimed to minimalize features of total institutions. Still it does not seem to be a vital institution and new aspects of social situation of staff and clients are recognized. Among new problems is non-existence of therapy for the inhabitants, their marginalization through poor financial situation in an institution, where lot of services are paid and little continuity to other forms of care of more community and ambulant character. Key words: total institution, long-term facility, psychiatric care, medical anthropology,...
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Synthesis of novel types of annulated deazapurine nucleosides with potential biological activity
Tichý, Michal ; Hocek, Michal (advisor) ; Dvořák, Dalimil (referee) ; Hlaváč, Jan (referee)
This thesis reports the syntheses and biological activities of benzo- and thieno-fused 7-deazapurine ribonucleosides, which were designed as extended analogues of potent cytostatic 6-hetaryl-7-deazapurine or 6-amino-7-hetaryl-7-deazapurine ribonucleosides. First of all, multigram syntheses of (di)chloro-9H-pyrimido[4,5-b]indoles from simple chloro- nitrobenzenes were developed. Pyrimidoindoles were successfully glycosylated and used for the synthesis of 4-hetaryl-6-chloro-, 4,6-bis(hetaryl)-, 4-amino-6-hetaryl-, 4-amino-5-hetaryl- and 4-susbtituted pyrimido[4,5-b]indole ribonucleosides. Hetaryl groups were introduced by Suzuki or Stille cross-coupling reaction. Standard catalysts and conditions were used for reaction in position 4. To observe some reactivity of unreactive chlorine in position 6, modification of standard protocol was necessary. Screening of several ligands had been done and Buchwald ligand X-Phos was found to be optimal. As chlorine in position 4 is activated for nucleophilic substitution, amino and dimethylamino derivatives were prepared by reaction with aqueous ammonia and dimethylamine, respectively. 4-Alkyl derivatives were synthesized by palladium-catalyzed alkylation with trialkylaluminium or by Negishi coupling in case of cyclopropyl derivative. Desired free nucleosides were...
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Preparation of nanostructured and nanocomposite thin films with plasma polymer matrix
Solař, Pavel ; Biederman, Hynek (advisor) ; Novák, Rudolf (referee) ; Tichý, Milan (referee)
Title: Preparation of nanostructured and nanocomposite thin films with plasma polymer matrix Author: Pavel Solař Department: Department of Macromolecular Physics, MFF, UK Supervisor of the doctoral thesis Prof. RNDr. Hynek Biederman, DrSc., Department of Macromolecular Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague Abstract: This thesis is devoted to study of nanostructured thin films implementing metal and plasma polymer particles and columns. Process of formation of particles from various materials has been studied. The particles size, shape and chemical composition has been characterized relative to the deposition conditions. Transport of metal and plasma polymer particles inside the particle source and from the particle source to substrate has been investigated. The particles were used in composite films especially to produce films with controlled roughness e.g. for investigation of influence of roughness on adhesion of cells. Preparation of columnar films by Glancing Angle Deposition has been studied and the particles have been used as seeds for the columnar growth. Keywords: Nanoparticles, Glancing Angle Deposition, plasma polymer, composite thin film
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Determination of n-octanol/water partition coefficient (Kow) of perfluorinated acids
Skrottová, Anežka ; Rucki, Marian (advisor) ; Tichý, Miloň (referee)
Perfluorinated compounds are organic compounds in which all hydrogen atoms in a carbon chain are substituted with fluorine atoms. These compounds are highly stable, persistent and bioaccumulative. They are purely anthropogenic compounds contained in biota and abiota. Partition coefficient between n-octanol and water is the essential toxicological parameter of a compound. This parameter helps us to assess behaviour of compound in the environment as well as in the living organisms. The shake flask method and the RP-HPLC method were employed to measure the Kow of nine perfluorinated acids. Using the shake flask method, the surface activity of compounds and the acid dissociation caused false results of the measurement. But behaviour of these compounds in the environment can be assess. Accurate and precise results were measured by the RP-HPLC method using an acetate buffer. Log Kow of perfluoro- carboxylic acids, with the carbon chain length of 5-14, were found out, their final value ranging between 1.66 and 5.10. Log Kow of acid with 12 carbons was estimated based on the linear regression of dependence of log Kow on the number of carbons. There were significant differences in the results obtained by various software. Thus, the results cannot be considered relevant. These software are not suitable for...
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Measurement of the plasma potential by means of the ball-pen and Langmuir probe
Zanáška, Michal ; Tichý, Milan (advisor) ; Hrachová, Věra (referee)
The ball-pen probe represents a new unique probe recently developed at the Institute of Plasma Physics in Prague for direct measurement of plasma potential at the CASTOR tokamak. Presently is the probe utilized also on several other high-temperature devices in Europe. In recent years one has aimed to use ball- pen probe also in conditions for which it was not originally intended. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to experimentally demonstrate that the ball-pen probe is suitable for the direct measurement of the plasma potential in low-temperature weakly magnetized plasma generated by a DC cylindrical magnetron by perfor- ming comparative measurements using a Langmuir probe. 1
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Ultrathin films deposited by means of magnetron sputtering and their characterization
Petr, Martin ; Kylián, Ondřej (advisor) ; Straňák, Vítězslav (referee) ; Tichý, Milan (referee)
Presented work is focused on the deposition and characterization of thin and ultrathin plasma polymer films, then also on the preparation of nanocomposites metal/plasma polymer. The characterization of plasma polymer films was partly done in-situ without exposing the samples to the atmosphere. The thickness of prepared films was measured by spectral ellipsometry, the chemical composition was measured by XPS. The morphology and optical properties of deposited films were measured ex-situ. It is shown that during the initial stages of growth the properties of plasma polymer films depend on their thickness and also on the material of the substrate. Many interesting applications were explored for prepared nanocomposites metal/plasma polymer. They can be used as superhydrophobic coatings, gradient coatings, substrates for Raman spectroscopy or as antibacterial coatings. Moreover, special optical properties of prepared nanocomposites were studied in detail. Presented work has an experimental character.
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Měření potenciálu plazmatu pomocí ball-pen a Langmuirovy sondy
Peterka, Matěj ; Tichý, Milan (advisor) ; Komm, Michael (referee)
The ball-pen probe is a unique probe recently developed at the Institite of Plasma Physics in Prague. It has been designed for direct measurement of plasma potential at the CASTOR tokamak. It has also been succesfully tested on several other high-temperature plasma devices in Europe. The aims of the bachelor work are primarily experimental. A ball-pen probe has been constructed from available materials, which is suitable for measurement in the low-temperature plasma of a cylindrical magnetron. Although its parameters are much different from those in high-temperature plasma devices, the main principle of measurement with ball-pen probe has been proven to apply also in this brand-new conditions.
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Studium parametrů plazmatu v plazmatické trysce
Štefániková, Estera ; Tichý, Milan (advisor) ; Klusoň, Jan (referee)
This thesis deals with the low-temperature plasma diagnostics by means of electrostatic Langmuir probe. The measurements were carried out on the experimental system of plasma jet which is very perspective mainly for the deposition of thin layers. Besides different resistant and industrial compelling surfaces there are also some layers with specific electrical or optical properties that cannot be prepared in other way. In order to control and reproduce such material depositions, the knowledge of plasma parameters is inevitable. The main contribution of this work lies in the measurement of vertical profiles of main plasma parameters (electron temperature, density and mean energy; the floating and plasma potential) in different pressure conditions.
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Multimarker Approach in Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Diseases with using Protein Biochips
Vašatová, Martina ; Tichý, Miloš (advisor) ; Gregor, Jaroslav (referee) ; Jabor, Antonín (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Department of Biochemical Sciences Candidate: RNDr. Martina Vasatova Supervisor: prof. RNDr. Milos Tichy, CSc. Title of Doctoral Thesis: Multimarker approach in diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases with using protein biochips Background: Measurement of biochemical markers of myocardial injury plays an important role in the diagnosis of cardiovascular disseases. Increase in some cardiac biomarkers is one of main diagnostic standard in acute myocardial infarction (AIM) with or without ST elevation (STEMI, NSTEMI). Recently, the European Society of Cardiology, the American College of Cardiology Foundation, the American Heart Association, and the World Heart Federation have published a consensus definition of myocardial infarction (AIM) that includes a detailed guideline for the assessment of biochemical markers in suspected AIM. The principal markers recommended in this setting include cardiac troponins (cTnI and cTnT) as markers of myocardial necrosis and myoglobin (MYO) and creatine kinase MB isoenzyme (CK-MB mass) quantification in the diagnosis of reinfarction. Excluding acute coronary syndromes, myocardial injury may be found in patients with the other cardiovascular diseases, during therapeutic procedures and operations (e.g....
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