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"Disciplination" of popular classes, a reform of elementary education and educational literature in Czech-speaking regions from 1774 to 1805
Kneblík, Michal ; Tinková, Daniela (advisor) ; Maur, Eduard (referee)
This diploma thesis decribes the practical aspect of education on minor schools in Bohemia throught the Czech educational literature with regard to theories of 'civilization' and 'disciplination' of Norbert Elias and Michel Foucault from 1774 to 1805. Firstly, it focuses on a general context of reforms on the field of primary education in the Habsburg monarchy and especially in Bohemia. It analyses 'school returns'(fase) - the unique source about reforms - after a theoretical part concerns theories of Elias and Foucault and its possible application to the study of education. It outlines the literature used for the education on the basis of 'returns' and the key handbook of J. I. Felbiger Kniha methodní. There were a Catechism, a Spelling-book, Books for reading, the Kniha methodní itself, O pravém způsobu cvičení mládeže from A. V. Pařízek and a Catechism of Health just on the edge. Finally, after their analysis and in the context of forenamed theories, we dare to express some ideas about a school discipline, relations between school, family and body and about a construction of pattern of subject which was influencing an opinion of popular classes at the end of eighteenth century.
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Libeř. Transformation of microsocial, agricultural, and ecological structure of the village in the Central Bohemia region in the Early modern period
Kucrová, Veronika ; Čechura, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Maur, Eduard (referee)
This Thesis puts mind to population and natural development of village Libeř in Central Bohemia. The first part focuses on demography and follow nuptiality, natality and mortality from the end of 16th till the middle of 19th century. Selected developments are compared with similar and other locality. Fragments offers look to everydayness of Libeř's villagers - strategy of partners selection, choice of childern's names and godfathers, most frequent causes of death in individual age categories etc. The most important fountains for historical demography are church registers and old land registers. Confessional and memorial books are complementary to partial details to concrete people. In this chapter is short development of parishs, which partakes of spiritual government in Libeř. The 2.th. part of Thesis studies changes of natural territory and his usage, formation village borders and image of rural zone. Among monitored problems pertains patrimonial competency to parcels and changes, too. Base of documents are above all written and cartographic fountains - the old land registers, cadasters (Theresian Register, Josephinian Register) and memorial books. From map basis are there the so called Indication Scheme and so called 1.military surveying, digital geologic, aquiculturing and cadastral map sets. Research...
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Lesser nobility in the region of Kostelec nad Černými lesy in the era of early modern period
Mrvík, Vladimír Jakub ; Čechura, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Maur, Eduard (referee)
This study should help to recognize the social and economic conditions of life of the lesser nobility in Bohemian Kingdom in the era 1500-1728(1739) shown on the example of lesser nobility in historical region of Kostelec nad Černými lesy near Prague. The common developmental trends, problems and first of all reasons of the dying out of this social group were observed there. Those conclusions were compared with analogical researches from other Bohemian regions. Herewith in present Czech historiography there are very few studies about the pauperisation of bohemian nobility in the late 17th and first of all in 18th century. Finally this study surveys local history of the named region and the micro-historical relationships of the environment of typical aristocratic dominion and its officers. Our observed lesser nobility could be divided into two quality levels - the clerical nobility and the landed nobility.
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Economic exploitation od forests in the early modern period. "Forest industries" in the 17-18th centuries
Woitsch, Jiří ; Maur, Eduard (advisor) ; Matoušek, Václav (referee) ; Petráň, Josef (referee)
The thesis deals with a specific branch of early-modern industry. So called forest industries (or crafts) and craftsmen are depicted from the point of view of technology used, its economic, social as well as cultural characteristics. The thesis is focused on the territory of the Central Europe in the 17-18th centuries and is based on archival research and study of foreign theoretical scientific literature. The author came to a conclusion, that the forest industries (e.g. charcoal making, tar making, resin extraction, wood ashes making and potash making) constitute a specific kind of linked strategies of subsistence. Moreover through forest industries natural resources (forests and woodlands) were exploited and their shape and stand was changed. The most important part of thesis - also from the gnoseological point of view - is presentation of the outcomes of several ethno-archaeological experiments, which contributed essentially to the re-interpretation of written sources.
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"Gott Wolle Geben Gesundheit in Leben, Brot, Geldt, Frieden und Ruh. Endlich dem Himml derzur." Demographic, economic, social and family aspects of the life of the rural subjects in the 18th century
Seligová, Markéta ; Maur, Eduard (advisor) ; Horská, Pavla (referee) ; Nesládková, Ludmila (referee)
The work is dealing with seďs' economic, demographic and social conditions on the North Bohemian estate ofHorní Police in the 18th century. It seeks to examine to what extent factors independent of will of man took share in career of individuals and to what degree the scope for free serf decision-making was available in the early modem society. The work is based on the fact that it is possible to trace back the so called life cycles of particular social strata conditioned by gender in spite of a broad range of ordinary people' s individual fates. The work keeps to seďs' lists ofHorní Police which have been handed down in a coherent number since 1709. This source of key importance for the study both of life cycles and of a number of demographic indicators has been complemented by the analysis of further materials which arose from activities of the manorial court, from land and particularly church registers. A great attention has been paid to the research of circumstances which considerably influenced career of the individuals: of the economic situation in the region strongly depended on natural and climatic conditions, of demographic indicators closely connected with economic conditions, particularly in the question of marriage availability, of the structure of the population and ofland availability. The...
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Melnik during the Thirty Years' War
Kilián, Jan ; Maur, Eduard (advisor) ; Ledvinka, Václav (referee) ; Korbelářová, Irena (referee)
The objective of this work has been to provide a comprehensive micro-analytical perspective on a small royal town in centra} Bohemia which has been influenced by its position in the landscape at the convergence of two of the most important rivers in the Czech Republic- the Vltava and Elbe rivers. The focus is on the years between 1618 and 1648, with considerable attention devoted to the developmental aspects of the pre-war and post-war periods. This has been made possible by the exceptional degree of preservation of the town archives, which in contrast to the archives of other Czech towns have not been affected by wide-spread document destruction or shredding. Consequently, the town has preserved for modem times a remarkable material legacy, literally offering the insatiated scholar an opportunity for detailed exploration. The analysis of these materials, primarily divided into books and official documents, has been the focus of attention right from the first chapter, supplemented by alternative sources that are housed in other locations in the Czech Republic. Subsequently, the reader is invited to observe the town of Mělník on the brink of a turbulent period, to become acquainted with its position, monuments, fortifications, the buildings within the town and in the surrounding areas, as well as its...
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Lesser nobility in the region of Kostelec nad Černými lesy in the era of early modern period
Mrvík, Vladimír Jakub ; Maur, Eduard (referee) ; Čechura, Jaroslav (advisor)
This study should help to recognize the social and economic conditions of life of the lesser nobility in Bohemian Kingdom in the era 1500-1728(1739) shown on the example of lesser nobility in historical region of Kostelec nad Černými lesy near Prague. The common developmental trends, problems and first of all reasons of the dying out of this social group were observed there. Those conclusions were compared with analogical researches from other Bohemian regions. Herewith in present Czech historiography there are very few studies about the pauperisation of bohemian nobility in the late 17th and first of all in 18th century. Finally this study surveys local history of the named region and the micro-historical relationships of the environment of typical aristocratic dominion and its officers. Our observed lesser nobility could be divided into two quality levels - the clerical nobility and the landed nobility.
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Bandits and robbers in Central Europe, 18th to 20th century: reality and tradition in a comparative analysis
Votruba, Adam ; Klusáková, Luďa (advisor) ; Maur, Eduard (referee) ; Moravcová, Mirjam (referee)
Za téma své práce jsem si vybral zbojnictví a loupežnictví ve Střední Evropě. Zajímal mě především vztah mezi historickou realitou a ústní tradicí o zbojnících a loupežnících. Snažil jsem se odpovědět na otázku, jakým způsobem a zda vůbec se kulturní a sociální realita tohoto jevu odrážela ve vyprávění a písních venkovského obyvatelstva. Základním předpokladem byla myšlenka, že zbojnictví definované jakožto ,,loupežná činnost venkovského obyvatelstva, která je tolerována či schvalována venkovskou komunitou;· se musela v ústní tradici zobrazit odlišně než jiné typy loupežnictví, kdy je mezi loupežníkem a venkovanem nepřátelství. Samozřejmě jsem nepředpokládal, že tímto odrazem je prostá idealizace loupežníků, kteří podle legendy "bohatým brali a chudým dávali". Především jsem chtěl podrobit kritickému zkoumání předpoklad, který se objevuje v západoslovanské odborné literatuře, že totiž zbojnictví a zbojnická tradice se vyskytují ve Střední Evropě pouze v karpatské oblasti. Je totiž zřejmé, že legendy o dobrých loupežnících se běžně vyskytovaly i mimo tuto oblast. Pokud budeme definovat zbojnickou tradici na základě idealizace loupežníků, pak tedy tato teze neuspěje. Někteří slovenští badatelé se pokoušeli tento rozpor vyřešit tím, že poukazovali na nelidový původ mimokarpatské loupežnické tradice či...
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Inventories of inheritance of the early modem period nobility in the Principate of Opava and Krnov as a source of history of every-dayness (1650-1740)
Mašitová, Petra ; Čechura, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Fukala, Radek (referee) ; Maur, Eduard (referee)
Inventories of inheritance of the early modem period nobility in the Principate of Opava and Krnov as a source ofhistory of every-dayness The universa! analysis and comparison of nobility's inventories of inheritance is an object of the work. Concemed inventories were built in years 1650-1740, the bottom limit is given by the end of Thirty Y ears' War (late leave of Swedish garrisons from north Moravian and Salesian region) and the top limit corresponds with dividing of Salesian principalities after the lost War of the Austrian Succession. Time definition of the work deliberately ignores year 1620, which is much too stressed as an important marker by Czech historiography. From geographical point of view we cover the region of Czech Silesia, namely historie principalities of Opava and Krnov. The resources' base consists of agenda, which is located in Land archive in Opava, in the fund District executive of Opava-Krnov's principality in Opava 1507-1784. There are over 300 inventory numbers in the aforementioned fund, which contains inheritance and trusteeship cases from the 16th to 18th century. I am interested in 20 inventories of persons, whose houses acted in the area of Upper Silesia: Eichendorf, Vlčkové of Dobrá Zemice, Bokové of Burgvice, Bruntálští of Vrbno, Hodicové of Hodice, Brixové of Moncle and...
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