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Resting energy expenditure during lactation
Plachá, Martina ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Jílek, Petr (referee)
Aim: In the past, in Czech Republic, Resting Energy Expenditure (REE) was not known in pregnant or lactating women. The results obtained from our study are intended for clinical use since up until now Resting Energy Expenditure was obtained from internationally published results, and were not a direct measure for Czech women due to differences in terms of nutrition and calories. Objective: The measurements of Resting Energy Expenditure were conducted in 5 different time periods via indirect claorimetry to determine correlations between Resting Energy Expenditure and measured anthropometrical values. Design: There were a total of 24 subjects in the study examined in 5 different time periods. The P0 being at the end of pregnancy, the L1 from birth up to 7 weeks post partum, L2 from the 10th to the 16th week post partum, L3 from the 20th to the 26th week post partum, and L4 from the 34th to the 47th week post partum. The pregnant subjects P0 were used as the comparison with L1 to L4 lactation subjects to observe changes in REE and other anthropometrical measures. The measurement of Resting Energy Expenditure was carried out via indirect calorimetry. The women arrived from their homes after 12 hours of fasting and were at rest 30 minutes before assessment. Results: In our study resting energy...
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Effects of exotic plant extracts on proliferation and migration of normal human dermal fibroblasts
Lehečková, Zdeňka ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Herink, Josef (referee)
Background: Wound healing is a physiological and highly organized complex process leading to tissue repair after an injury. A dynamic interplay between cellular and extracellular components involved in the repair process is essential for regular wound healing, results in a restoration of tissue integrity. Samoa Islands in the South Pacific are considered one of the most preserved places in the world. Local exotic plants are widely used by indigenous people to treat various skin injuries. However, the healing skills of these traditionally used plant species have been poorly studied from a scientific point of view. Methods: We analysed the effects of 16 Samoan plant extracts for their potential wound healing properties, by assessing dermal fibroblast proliferation and migration. For the evaluation of these cellular events in vitro DNA quantification and scratch wound assay were employed. Results: Screening of all extracts showed various effect on cell proliferation and migration with a concentration dependence. Particularly, at the highest concentration 512 µg/ml were cytotoxic 8 extracts, while at the concetration 32 µg/ml expressively reduced fibroblast proliferation 3 extracts. The effects on cell migration correlated with the proliferation assay results. Based on the screening data, 3 extracts...
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Elalboration of Community Herbal Monograph on Uvae ursi folium
Jirásková, Zdena ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Fikrová, Petra (referee)
In this thesis is a summary of methods which specify body composition and are used in a clinical practice. In this time, these problems increase in importance because of high growth of overwight and obesity in population. Body mass index which is very often used in assessment of obesity does not inform about ratio between fat mass and fat free mass. There are also described particular somatotypes, a proper body composition, including an issue of distribution. There are also defined both particular models of body composition and methods of estimation targeted on anthropometry and caliperation, when the percentage of fat is calculated on the base of thickness of particular skinfolds, according to relevant predictive equations. Them there are described biophysical and biochemical methods used for the estimation of body composition, eg. Bioelectrical impedance analysis, Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry, ultrasonography, etc. The method of biospectroscopic determination of corporal compartments is also very popular. It uses the body composition monitor and this completely non-invasive method provides many possibilities of usage in a clinical practice.
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Pathophysiological aspects of critically ill patients and its influencing with hormonal and nutritional support.
Kafková, Anežka ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Kovařík, Miroslav (referee)
The state of critically ill patients suffering from polytrauma or sepsis is characterised by pathophysiologic processes, which cause significant changes in an organism on both a local and a systematic level. A stressful situation elicits an acute inflammatory response. This response is primarily meant to be a defence mechanism; however, this mechanism might become harmful to a certain degree. Hormones, cytokines and growth factors are included among the main control mechanisms activated during inflammatory response. A metabolic response to a stressful situation is characterized by an increased turnover of proteins, lipids, and glucose. Clinical consequences may develop as a result of these metabolic responses and include inflammation, anorexia, immobility, increased vascular permeability (which results in edema), vasodilation, tachycardia, and increased cardiac output. There are some key factors which have a negative contribution on an inflammatory response. Those factors may include malnutrition, pre-existing inflammatory activity, severe infection, obesity, ageing, genotype, and finally gender-gene effects, which may also play a role. The development of significant hormonal changes can be typified for critically ill patients. Such changes are particularly connected to catecholamines, thyroid...
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Internalisation of anti-A?PP antibodies in cells.
Doubková, Pavlína ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Tilšer, Ivan (referee)
Introduction: Alzheimer disease (AD) is a specific type of dementia with a complex pathology. A formation of extracellular insoluble amyloid-beta (Aβ) fibrils from precursor protein (AβPP) has been identified as one of the main causes of AD. There are several enzymes involved in a production of Aβ; β-secretase has been recently considered as a potential target for AD treatment by methods of passive immunization. A monoclonal antibody (2B12) has been developed and proved that it binds in the vicinity of β-secretase cleavage site on AβPP and prevents the cleavage of AβPP by steric hindrance. 2B12 is known to binds to AβPP at the cell surface and the whole complex after internalization inhibits β- secretase activity. Methodology: The astrocytoma MOG-G-UVW (MOG) and the Human-CNS derived neuroglioma (H4) living cell lines were used as a model of AD. Incubated with 2B12, another AβPP - binding antibody (N-terminal) and several organelle markers (OM) under various conditions, the cells were fixed and stained by the method of sequential immunocytochemistry (ICC) and visualized using fluorescent microscope. Results: The experiments with MOG/H4 cells demonstrated that the intake of 2B12/N- terminal antibody into the cells is time-dependant; the best labelling was after 4 hours of incubation for 2B12 and MOG...
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Hazard of medicinal plants use in period of pregnancy and breast feeding.
Holcová, Lenka ; Tůmová, Lenka (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Lenka Holcová 2010 Hazard of medicinal plants used in period of pregnancy and breast feeding Abstract: This thesis is a review of safety data of substances of natural origin used during pregnancy and lactation. Information was taken from sources published between 1970 - 2010, especially from the database PubMed, drugsafetysite.com, and from publications in The Essential Guide To Herbal Safety and Léčiva v těhotenství - vliv léků a vitamínů na zdravý vývoj plodu. Absolutely contraindicated drugs found were Arnicae flos, Absinthii herba and Boldo folium. The paper also briefly discussed the inappropriateness of substance abuse during pregnancy and lactation. The issue of safety for pregnant women has not been clearly answered among other plants such as Rubi idei folium, Leonuri cardiacae herba, Ginkgo folium, Angelicae sinensis radix or Andrographis paniculatae herba. The work also included an overview of positive and harmful effects of vitamins and minerals in pregnancy. Keywords: pregnancy, medicinal plants, drug, contraindications
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Nutritive and metabolic aspects at anorexia mentalis.
Vlčková, Magdaléna ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Fikrová, Petra (referee)
The thesis deals with the problem of nutritional and metabolic aspects of anorexia nervosa. The general introduction, which consists of the definition of anorexia nervosa according to the International Classification of Diseases, and its characteristics by various authors, is followed by a chapter dedicated to the aetiology of anorexia nervosa, its pathogenesis, incidence, prevalence and therapy. The next chapter concentrates on a malnutrition: various ways of its division and the methods of telling the nutritional state of the patient. Individual methods are described and stratified; the rates which might indicate malnutrition and which may partly imply the anorexia nervosa. In relation to this, the thesis is also concerned with the problem of body energetics observation, especially the energy expenditure. Another chapter pays attention to the mechanisms influencing a food intake on the central level as well as on the peripheral level (hormones and mediators which inhibit or potentiate the food intake). The cardiac section describes the pathophysiology of individual organ systems in relation to the anorexia nervosa (what consequences arise from this disease, concerning the central nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory, excretory, gastrointestinal, endocrine and immune system. The following chapter...
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Relations between Anthropometric Characteristics and Selected Delivery Parameters in Pregnancy
Syslová, Martina ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Kudláčková, Zděnka (referee)
Relations between anthropometric characteristics and selected delivery parameters in pregnancy Author: Mgr. Martina Syslová Backround: This work searches relations between anthropometric characteristics and selected parameters in pregnancy. It wants to verify known correlation between assessed characteristics and finds new knowledge in the area of anthropometry in pregnancy. Obtained obstetric and anthropometric data are statistically evaluated and they are in context with knowledge from above all foreign studies. Methods: To the study was registered 155 mothers parturient in teaching hospital in Hradec Králové. These datas were recording: name of women, age, blood group, date of childbirth, week of childbirth, childbirth weight (g), childbirth length (cm), sex of newborn, high of mother (cm), weight before pregnancy (kg), weight before childbirth (kg), weight gain (kg), pulse, diastolic and systolic blood preasure, time of 1., 2. and 3. periode, total time of childbirth (minute), weight of placenta (g), blood losses (ml), pH of newborn, apgar score and incidence of ceasarean section. Information was extract from obstetric books and from childbirth clinical record. Programme GraphPad Prism 5 and Microsoft Excel was used to statistical evaluation . These characteristics were evaluated: childbirth...
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Analyze of prediction restint energy expenditure at polytraumatic patients
Aimová, Petra ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Kovařík, Miroslav (referee)
(anglický) Comparison of 15 predictive equations, used for estimation of Resting energy expenditure (REE), versus experimental REE values, obtained using indirect calorimetry on a group of polytraumatic patiens (n=30), spontaneusly breathing (n=20) and ventialted (n=10), hospitalised on Intensive Care Unit, is presented. Calculation is based on measurement of physiological and functional parameters. Between both groups of patiens, the highest level of concordance between experimental and calculated data was achieved using Mifflin's, Livingston-Kohlstadt's ans Johnstone's equation. The smallest difference between predicted and measured value REE of spontaneously breathing patients was achieved using Bernstein's, Owen's and Johnstone- Ireton's equation and ventilated Bernstein's and Owen's equation. Using bioimpedance determination of excessive body water ("overhydratation") and modification of body mass substractiing this amount, precission of REE prediction was increased. Aplication of correction factors did not extensively increased te concordance of data calculated.
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Monitoring of selected coagulation parameters in pregnancy.
Nováková, Radka ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Křivčíková, Lucie (referee)
In the group of 73 patients with recurrent spontaneous abortions, which they had a personal history of at least one thrombophilic disposition, either congenital acquired mutation of factor V Leiden in heterozygous form, or 20210 mutation in the gene of factor II in heterozygous form or mutation in the gene for MTHFR 677T or 1298C in heterozygous or homozygous form, or they had acquired thrombophilic disposition of antiphospholipid syndrome, or hyperhomocysteinemia, we studied the level-progress of blood coagulation parameters during the entire pregnancy. During this period, blood samples were taken from the patients on a regular basis. By some patients the parameters were examined even before pregnancy. Patients were getting nadroparin (Fraxiparine) in the 25th - 43rd week of pregnancy, alternatively enoxaparin (Clexane) who had showed allergic reaction. With the indirect detection method using a chromogenic substrate for the analyzer Sysmex CA-1500 (Sysmex-TOA) we evaluated functional activity of plasminogen, plasminogen activator inhibitor and α2-antiplazmin. With the direct non-competitive ELISA method, we found out a quantitative amount of antigen plasminogen tissue activator, plasminogen activator inhibitor and trombomodulin. We documented that the levels of trombomodulin and plasminogen...
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