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Symbolization of Adulthood by Girls from Sixth Grade of Elementary School
Kálalová, Jiřina ; Doubek, David (advisor) ; Levínská, Markéta (referee)
The subject of the bachelor's thesis is pubescence of girls at the sixth, later seventh grade of an elementary school. It describes girls' methods, that represent their pubescence by interaction with other people (mainly with teachers and classmates), and symbols, that the girls use to be perceived as adults by other people. This thesis points, that girl's new identity is formed by symbolization of adulthood. This thesis is ethnographic research, author picked data at an elementary school in Prague, between children at the sixth, later seventh grade, for nearly a year. She used qualitative methods: concernedly observation of class and interviews with girls. The text of the thesis is divided into two main parts, theoretical and practical. It contains introduction, resume and summary of used literature. The theoretical part includes findings of developmental and social psychology and ideas of Erving Goffman. The practical part contains a description of ground and observed methods, the girls use to construct their adulthood by interaction with other people. The resume deals with fundamental sense of social construction of dulthood for gradational integrate of girls to the world of adults.
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Barbells, safety pins and bananabells: Body piercing in Czech youth culture
Heřmanský, Martin ; Bittnerová, Dana (advisor) ; Kandert, Josef (referee) ; Levínská, Markéta (referee)
The aim of my dissertation is to understand body piercing, as a form of body modification, among contemporary high-school youth by understanding its meanings which are ascribed to it by its bearers. My research is based on a premise that youth (sub)culture is a distinct system of meanings, values and norms, which is at the same time in constant interaction with mainstream culture, with which are these meanings, values and norms constantly negotiated. In addition to researching the process and the product of this practice, by understanding body piercing as a "lived experience", I focus on how is body piercing used and generally lived in their everyday lives. Based on a qualitative analysis of mass media representations of body piercing and semi-structured interviews with body piercing bearers from ranks of Prague high-school and vocational school youth I will try to show how these meanings are established in intersection of discourse of youth, discourse of dominant society and agency of body piercing bearers.
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Is it myself in the mirror?
Radová, Vlasta ; Levínská, Markéta (advisor) ; Doubek, David (referee)
in English A beautiful and healthy body now indicates a happy and contented life, and that is why our society is so obsessed by it. It was transformed into a commercial object, and the borders to which we can manipulate with it are pushed even further. At the same time, many people realize the necessity of cooperation with the body in order to reach a physical and mental health. Voices are heard calling for prevention of exploitation of human bodies and against the lowering of human dignity. We can see showing up different kinds of oriental philosophy, psychosomatic medicine or psychoterapeutic approaches targeted at the body, which are trying to outweigh the trends treating the body as a mere commodity. In spite of those efforts, the number of people with impaired perception and experiencing of their own body is still growing. The most frequent and most discussed are the eating disorders, which endanger seriously all aspects of a person's life. Most of the disorders will develop during adolescence, and that is why in my research I focused on the mapping of corporal experience of young people. In my work I employed the grounded theory method, or a qualitative research. The main research method used is semi-structured interview. The theoretical part consists of a philosophical historical and social...
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Gypsy's child structure of the day - declaration and reality
Maierová, Martina ; Bittnerová, Dana (advisor) ; Levínská, Markéta (referee)
The purpose of my thesis is to present the structuring of time of eight Gypsy children aged 11 to 17, living or spending free time at prague's suburb Velká Ohrada. The central goal of this thesis is to identify the Gypsy's child structure of the day and to find out which points of a child's day are defined as crucial by child and by parents and to which event of a day these points refer to. The text is divided into theoretical and empirical part. Theoretical part focuses on pointing out the main aspects of the topic of time. First part also tackles the issue of conceptualization of time as a category itself and as a category, which structures the reality. Question of time is analysed in the context of sociology and psychology. The literature related to the structuring of time of Gypsies is also reflected in the theoretical part of the thesis. The discourse is conducted from a historical perspective and notes that the perception of time was affected by several significant milestones. Empirical part, in addition to the description of objectives, methods, research sample and environment pays particular attention to analysis of its own data of quality- oriented research - the view of Gypsy childern and their parents on how they spend different types of days (e.g. weekday, weekend day, holiday day)....
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Talismans - Luck vs Bad luck
Hájková, Barbora ; Levínská, Markéta (advisor) ; Bittnerová, Dana (referee)
The main goal of this work is to approach a problem of talismans. We will concern with the history of talismans and their examples of today. We will mean resources of using talismans. There will be information about magic thinking, because the magic comes from it. We will show the complicacy of this problem. The core of this work is the empiric research, which is based on ethnographic principles. We will adhere to the grounded theory of Strauss and Corbin. The research is related to children with educational problems. We will focus on evocations, which children have about talismans and their experiences with it. Information will get mainly through the interview with children. Research indications will be confronted with literary knowledge, which are in relationship to talismans.
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Power of the stickers - Ethnography research at the first class
Pejchalová, Michaela ; Levínská, Markéta (advisor) ; Doubek, David (referee)
in English The bachelor's thesis is focused on the phenomenon of stickers for children at the first class of the primary school. Its aim is the description and the explanation of the sense of their collection, grouping and exchange. The thesis is conceptualized like an ethnographical study at the school background. It is based on the methods of qualitative research. Data was collected using participant observation, interviews with focus group, analysis of documents and diary of research worker. Then it was qualitatively analysed and interpreted in relation to the relevant literature. The text of work is divided in two parts - the theory and the research. The theoretical part is coming out from sphere of psychology and also social and cultural anthopology, sociology, philosphy nad cultural history. The practical part presents results of the research. The aim of study is to enable better insight into the problematics of stickers, especially their influence on relations between children and self-concept of pupil at the first class. It describes and analyses in detail of principles of classifications and exchanging. The thesis shows what is the power of stickers to create individual and his surroundings.
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School Uniform with a view to Adolescent
Presová, Karolína ; Hříbková, Lenka (advisor) ; Levínská, Markéta (referee)
Clothing is a very important part of an individual's identity. It helps a person highlight one's individuality and at the same time it connects one with other members of a certain social group. One of the clothing types is a uniform. It is psychologically very interesting in what way adolescents cope with, think about and deal with a situation when they have to wear a uniform, because at this time they feel a very strong need to differentiate and determine their personality also through the choice of their clothing. Thanks to the current public discussions and my study field, I decided to investigate this area of interest from a psychological point of view. I established four basic aims: a) identification of a historical development of uniforms, particularly school ones b) analysis of a function of school uniforms mentioned in discussions by adolescents c) investigation of identity aspects which appear during the group discussions of the school uniform topic d) determination of the differences among these aspects in monitored groups. I fulfilled the first aim in the theoretical part of this diploma thesis. History of uniforms has its roots in antiquity - monastic and military uniforms belong among the oldest ones. Uniforms started to appear at universities in middle ages. Their largest expansion came in the...
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Approaches of nursery school teachers to foreigners' children
Barjaktarevičová, Zuzana ; Bittnerová, Dana (advisor) ; Levínská, Markéta (referee)
The increasing number of foreigners living in the Czech Republic causes the accrual of children from the foreign families in the educational institutions. The teachers in Czech nursery schools face the situation when they have to adjust their work and help these children integrate with the community. The contents of this thesis are the possibilities that the Czech educational system offers to foreigners' children and the views of teachers of some nuersery schools in Prague. Keywords Foreigners Integration Nursery School Migration Preschool Education Teacher
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Image of death in the late adolescence
Kubová, Blanka ; Doubek, David (advisor) ; Levínská, Markéta (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to present some possible concepts of death of individual in the stage of late adolescence. The basis of this work lies on qualitative and ethnographic research, which was made with students of VŠCHT at the age of 20-30 years. This text is devoted to images of death of these students. This thesis is composed of three main chapters: theoretical, methodological, practical. The goal of the theoretical part is to provide basic information on this subject and clarify the terms associated with death. The theoretical part deals with such issues as cultural background of death and fear of death. The methodological part is concerned with the characteristics of the research and the research sample. Among others I present here the used methods and clarify the goals of the research. Finally, in the practical chapter there are described possible concepts of death which came of the analysis of gained data. Description and analysis of these concepts are supplemented by quotations from interviews. In this part I introduce five concepts of death. Two of them I identified as a clean-cut, three of them as a transitional. Death is an area to which none of us has direct experience, therefore I consider interesting to deal with this topic. As the main contribution of this work I see the mapping...
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