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Everyday police: Norms in the turmoil of police practice
Tošovský, Michal ; Hájek, Martin (advisor) ; Kabele, Jiří (referee)
Everyday police: norms in the turmoil o f police practice Based on the interviews with police officers from the local police stations of one of the Czech police's districts the author discusses their ability to handle their everyday practice. It is viewed under two sets of effects. The first set consists of three levels of written legal obligations - the constitutional laws defining the basic values of social structure and state system, laws which govern police functions and objectives and internal norms of the police organization specifying their operation. The use of legal norms is penetrated by five sociological dimensions - the ethical and moral values expressed within the written norms (how the police mean their practice); the exact terms of the written norms (how the police should do their practice); the police officers' performance requirements (how the police must do it); the police officers' experience based best practice (how the police would like to do it) and the ability to meet all those requirements (how the police really do it). After framing the analysis, the current knowledge about police is discussed. In the foreign literature we can find two basic fashions of the police performance. The first one sees police practice as reactive, based on crime control and crime-fighting police...
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The case of weirs: Media discourse analysis
Vaňhalová, Adéla ; Kabele, Jiří (advisor) ; Vodáková, Alena (referee)
The author was concerned with the media discourse of the theme of weirs on the river Labe in newspapers MF Dnes and Ústecký deník during the period of ten years. The used methods were quantitative and qualitative content analyses. Emphasis was placed on the types of arguments used in the discourse and also on the means of argumentation [Schopenhauer 1991, Weston 2001]. Analysis discovered two basic kinds of discourse: expert and emotional. To both of these discourses were linked special kinds of means of argumentation. The expert discourse was constructed as a pure and fair argument. The emotional discourse was constructed as an insidious argument. The main conclusion derived from the analysis was about the game frames [Goffman 1999] of two sides in discourse: advocates and opponents of the weirs. To the advocates was ascribed expert economic discourse which created their dominant game frame. The advocates persuade the public about their truth through economic discourse. The opponents were first constructed as dominant in the game frame of expert ecological discourse. During time their ecological game frame was redefined by the advocates and lost its persuading power. The opponents found new game frame: "petition" political discourse. "Petition" political discourse is till now the dominant game frame of the...
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Whom does the European ombudsman help?
Kuberová, Lucie ; Kabele, Jiří (advisor) ; Balon, Jan (referee)
The European Ombudsman works as one of the institutionalized mechanisms of complaining within the EU. The thesis deals with certain aspects of an inherent duality of this institution in three different levels. First, the throughout narrative motive of ombudsman as a "potent patron of weak individuals" is being analysed. The element of an intense protection seems to be in contrast with throughout limited means ombudsman usualy dispones of. Second, we might view an assertion of ombudsmen into the continental legal system as kind of a comeback of a long past system of equity - "natural equity" so that we see it as a meet of certain element of an Anglo-Saxon legal system with the continental one. The formal system of codified law comes to its limits with the dynamic development of western societies; the ombudsman should serve as kind of "safety-fuse" against its imperfections. Last but not least, the institution of the European Ombudsman was proposed to approximate the european administration to the citizens of Europe. The interference of such a "promotional" role with the "control" one works in favor of a potential role-conflict, which has to be ward off by ombudsman day by day. In the last section we show how the institution deals with such conditions. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Nations and terrorisms in speeches by V.V. Putin and G.W. Bush
Dyurych, Pavlo ; Kabele, Jiří (advisor) ; Kandert, Josef (referee)
In this cross-national case study the author, as a former appreciator of Vladimir Putin's policy toward Chechnya, has tried to interpret the war on terrorism as a constructed entity by political leaders in crisis situations. Being inspired by the structural analysis of mythology he tries to identify the similarities and differences in the narratives about terrorism constructed by Vladimir Putin and G.W. Bush. The author argues that the both situations - in Russia in September 1999 and in USA after 11.9.2001 - could be regarded as crisis situations, and that is why the similarities could be found in the narratives about terrorism, articulated by both political leaders. In the first part of this paper, the author has shown the historical context of crisis in both countries. The second and the third part of the work is a qualitative content analysis of Bush's and Putin's speeches related to terrorism. The author has analytically divided speeches into two major blocks: "before" (speeches produced by the leaders in the short period after the crisis) and "after" (speeches produced by the leaders during their military campaigns on terror). The author argues that despite the minor mutations in the narrative, the structure of the myth was not affected. The main achievement of this case study is the finding that the...
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Homebirth as Actor-Network
Genttnerová, Kristýna ; Grygar, Jakub (advisor) ; Kabele, Jiří (referee)
Homebirth as Actor-Network: Multiple realities The topic of this medical anthropology thesis is a description of homebirth seen through the eyes of Actor-Network Theory. The focus of this work is thus not on the professional concept of homebirth as a biological process or soon-to-be-mothers experience and take on homebirth. Focus is on homebirth in itself, how it is enacted via interactions of actors in network. After the presentation of two points of view on medicine (disease and illness), an introduction into the basic principles and innovations of ANT (including anthropology of symmetry), into the works of people, who build their ideas on it (Mol - multiplicity, De Laet - fluidity, Law) and the presentation of the current birthing situation in the Czech Republic, the thesis shifts its focus to the description of the whole actor-network, which enacts homebirth via interaction between the actors in practice. These practices are abstracted from the interviews with mothers, a dula and a paediatrician. The description includes people and objects, because according to ANT, they have the same amount of social agency. Homebirth is then enacted by the objects needed for homebirth - tools to make birth easier and to support its process, by people who partake, venues it takes place in and the birthing positions it...
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