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Harm to health - comparative analysis
Kolářová, Magdalena ; Šustek, Petr (advisor) ; Hendrychová, Michaela (referee)
In dieser Masterarbeit wird die Problematik des Gesundheitsschadens im tschechischen und im deutschen Zivilrecht beschrieben. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist, eine Übersicht über den Gesundheitsschutz in beiden Rechtsordnungen, und darüber, wann die Gesundheit verletzt wird und welche Folgen daraus entstehen, zu bieten. Dazu wurden die komparatistische Methode und die analytische Methode benutzt. Die Arbeit wird in drei Hauptkapiteln gegliedert, die ersten zwei widmen sich der Regelung in der deutschen und der tschechischen Rechtsordnung und das dritte der Komparation. Die Aufmerksamkeit wird zuerst der verfassungs- und internationalrechtlichen Verankerung des Lebens- und Gesundheitsschutzes geschenkt. Weiter wird geringfügig die vertragsrechtliche Haftung beschrieben. Die Hauptaufmerksamkeit wird der deliktischen Haftung geschenkt - es werden die Voraussetzungen für ihre Entstehung, sowie auch die Art und der Umfang des Schadensersatzes erläutert. Selbständig wird auch der Körper als der Objekt des zivilrechtlichen Schutzes beschrieben, und es werden auch die Fälle der sogenannten "wrongful birth", bzw. Kind als Schaden und "wrongful life", sowie auch die Sekundäropfer erwähnt. Der deutsche Teil erhält zusätzlich auch die Beschreibung der Haftung für vorvertragliche Pflichtverletzungen und der Verträge...
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Termination of marriage (in comparison with foreign countries)
Solná, Radka ; Hendrychová, Michaela (advisor) ; Šustek, Petr (referee)
RESUMÉ The topic of my thesis is the end of the marriage. In the thesis I deal with the particular types of the end of the marriage as well as with their legal consequences. The text is divided into introduction, four main chapters divided further into sub-chapters, and the conclusion. The first chapter focuses on the end of the marriage through divorce. First, I deal with the necessary preconditions for the divorce of the marriage. I distinguish two types of divorces, one with the investigation of the reasons of the disruption of the marriage and one without such investigation. I also describe clause protecting individual spouse from divorce in case the substantive damage may be caused to him or a minor child by divorce (so called hard clause). Further, I focus on matrimonial property and its liquidation after the divorce, on the living of respective spouses after the divorce and the possible obligation to pay maintenance. In the first chapter I also look into the arrangement of children after the divorce, i.e. the criterions which must be taken into account when assessing the situation of the child and its best interest, the legislation regarding custody of the child to solely one of the spouses, to their joint custody and the shared care. The main focus is on the shared care, which is still greatly...
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Registered partnership and its potential property consequences
Kněžourová, Petra ; Hendrychová, Michaela (advisor) ; Frintová, Dita (referee)
72 Zajímavá je také stať pojednávající o vypořádání se jiných evropských zemí se soužitím stejnopohlavních párů. Vybrala jsem země, které jsou z tohoto hlediska nějakým způsobem zajímavé, ať už zvoleným modelem legalizace homosexuálních svazků nebo prvenstvím v zakotvení registrovaného partnerství do svého právního řádu. Zastavila jsem se i u velmi kontroverzní otázky týkající se osvojení a adopce dětí. Domnívám se, že naše společnost se teprve nedávno stala otevřenější k homosexuální menšině a prokázala přijetím zákona o registrovaném partnerství určitou dávku tolerance. Tato problematika bude podle mého názoru ještě velmi diskutována na půdě Parlamentu ČR a ve společnosti jako takové. Domnívám se, že uzákonění soužití dvojic stejného pohlaví má nepochybně kladné důsledky, a to nejen v ohledu stabilizace partnerských vztahů občanů, kteří se rozhodli uzavřít registrované partnerství, ale i v některých ekonomických, právních a sociálních otázkách partnerů. Abstract The focus of my dissertation was to outline the evolution of a view of registered partnership, the closely related term of homosexuality and the society's issue on them. Our society had to pass a long way from sentencing of homosexual intercourses through ignoring them to legalization of relationships of persons of the same gender. Henceforth,...
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The issue of causal link in disputes over compensation of damage to health
Tomečková, Adéla ; Šustek, Petr (advisor) ; Hendrychová, Michaela (referee)
The thesis deals with the issue of causal link in disputes over compensation of damage to health with focus on medical care. The thesis consists of five chapters, which are further divided into parts. Chapter One basically describes three of the preconditions of the liability for damage to health: damage, the violation of the legal obligation and fault. This chapter mainly focuses on the violation of the legal obligation and analyses the term lege artis. An informed consent of the patient is also discussed. Chapter Two deals with causal link (causality) as it is fourth and last of the essential preconditions of the liability for damage to health in Czech civil law. Chapter Two consists of two parts, each of them examines various aspects of causality. Chapter Three characterizes some of the relevant institutes of civil proceedings such as burden of proof, standard of proof or free evaluation of evidence. One of the five parts of this chapter points out the importance of the expert evidence in this type of cases. Chapter Four analyses Australian approach to the medical negligence cases with focus on the doctrine of the loss of chance. Chapter Four provides opportunity to partially compare two different legal systems (Czech and Australian). This chapter is divided into seven parts. First five parts...
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Notice and Take Down, on Certain Aspects of Liability of Online Intermediaries
Elbert, Tomáš ; Hendrychová, Michaela (advisor) ; Tichý, Luboš (referee)
5 Abstract The final thesis addresses certain aspects of current topic of online intermediaries' liability for user-generated content ("UGC"). Under Act No. 480/2004 Coll., on certain information society services ("2004 Act on ISS"), which transposes e- Commerce Directive 2000/31/EC, online intermediaries in the Czech Republic benefit from "safe harbours". Essentially, it means that online intermediaries can be held liable for UGC only if they had actual or constructive knowledge of illegality of the content. This rule implicitly creates the so called "Notice and Take Down" procedure ("NTD"). Online intermediary upon receiving a notice, and thereby learning about the illegality of the content, is obliged to expeditiously take down the illegal content in order to preserve his immunity. However, NTD is neither expressly regulated within the ECD nor within the 2004 Act on ISS. Therefore, the purpose of the thesis is to illuminate NTD procedure and provide guidelines for it successful application within the Czech Republic. The thesis should be helpful not only to online intermediaries, but also to aggrieved parties serving notices. For this purpose the thesis looks not only at the ECD and its transpositions in various Member States, but also at American Digital Millennium Copyright Act 1998 that has been the...
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Rights and obligations of parents and children with emphasis on selected issues of development of relationship between parents and children
Málková, Tereza ; Hendrychová, Michaela (advisor) ; Šustek, Petr (referee)
The family is a term, which is known in each period of history of mankind. It played, playes and will play an important role in life of every individual. It helps to create an identity of individual, a scale of values and principles, which are so necessary for happy life. The topic of my thesis is Rights and Obligations of Parents and Children with Emphasis on Selected Issues of Development of Relationship between Parents and Children. I have chosen this topic because I think that this part of family law is very interesting, especially the questions regarding to the determination of parenthood in the time of the medical breakthroughs. The purpose of my thesis is to analyse Czech legislation with regard to international law. The thesis is composed of six chapters, each of them dealing with different aspects of the relationships between parents and children and the determination of parenthood. Chapter one is introductory. It is subdivided into four parts. Part one deals with history of legislation of relationships between parents and children. Part two describes general features of this relationships. And third and fourth parts sort rights and obligations into groups and analyze the issue of a parental responsibility, which are the basic rights and obligations of parents and children. These rights and...
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Protection of personality in media with respect to relevant case law
Kozic, Juraj ; Šustek, Petr (advisor) ; Hendrychová, Michaela (referee)
in English This final thesis deals with protection of personality against unauthorized infringement through media. This topic is highly up to date in the present information society. The aim of this thesis is to provide basic information about this problematic topic to the reader. The core of this thesis is constituted by definitions of two fundamental human rights, namely freedom of expression and right for protection of personality. They frequently conflict each other, so the main focus is placed on the process of finding the balance between these two. Special attention is dedicated to definitions of criteria that have to be taken into consideration by courts in order to find impartial and just decision in every individual case and thus determine the borderline between protection of personality and freedom of expression. Therefore, this thesis focuses on relevant case law of general courts, Constitutional Court and European Court of Human Rights. Another important part of this work is based on description of legal remedies, which Czech legal system provides to protect the personality of an aggrieved person against interference by media. Afterwards, the emphasis is given especially on the instruments of civil and media law. This final thesis consists of six chapters. The first chapter contains...
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