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Variability of hydropedological characteristics of soil type in the catchment of Tetřívčí brook
Kozáková, Jana ; Kliment, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Šefrna, Luděk (referee)
This thesis deals with the evaluation of hydrological properties variability of soils in forest catchment Tetřívčí brook in the source area Blanice based on selected hydropedological characteristics with respect to soil type, vegetation cover and character of slope. The selected hydropedological characteristics are maximum capillary water capacity, full water capacity, soil infiltration capability - infiltration rate and cumulative infiltration and retention potential of soils. In sum of seven soil subtypes found in forest (coniferous, deciduous and mixed) and meadow (cut and non-maintained) and on the different slope (three categories) were studied in the catchment area. This thesis is built on bachelor thesis, which dealt with the variability of hydropedological characteristics in the experimental pair comparison basins of Tetřívčí and Zbytinský brook. In the thesis were used mainly the measured data obtained from repeated field campaigns in pre- selected sites and data from the database of experimental catchments of Zbytiny. In the selected sites were made soil probes, soil samples were taken using Kopecky cylinders and infiltration measured by a single-cylinder infiltrometer. By laboratory determination and calculation, selected hydropedological characteristics were obtained. The results were...
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Pedogenic carbonates of loess-paleosol sequences
Máslo, Jaroslav ; Flašarová, Kristýna (advisor) ; Šefrna, Luděk (referee)
Loess is sediment composed predominantly os silt-size particles. Silt-size particles are transoported mainly by wind. Loess covers 10 % of earth surface. If the loess can be layed for a longer time when the glacials and interglacials alternate, the loess-paleosol sequences are created. Common part of loess and loess-paleosol sequences are pedogenic carbonates, which are particles of CaCO3. There are many types of carbonates, e.g. Calcified root cells. hypocoatings, needle-fiber calcite… Loess-paleosol sequences and carbonates in them are realy useful source of information about paleoenvirnonment. In practicle part of this work the isotopic composition of C and O in pedogenic carbonates from loess-paleosol sequence in Dejvice (Prague) was measured.
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Remote sensing as indicator of Soil structure changing
Kocum, Jiří ; Šefrna, Luděk (advisor) ; Vlček, Lukáš (referee)
1 Univerzita Karlova v Praze Přírodovědecká fakulta Katedra fyzické geografie a geoekologie Studijní program: Geografie (Bakalářské studium) Studijní obor: Fyzická geografie a geoinformatika Jiří KOCUM Dálkový průzkum jako indikátor změn struktury půdního pokryvu Remote sensing as indicator of Soil structure changing Bakalářská práce Vedoucí bakalářské práce: RNDr. Luděk Šefrna, CSc. Abstract This thesis is about soil properties, their influence on soil spectral reflectance and Remote Sensing (RS) in pedology. The aim of the thesis is to explain the cause and to estimate the possible future development of the mosaics of local soils, which is visible in aerial photographs, on the selected territory of Kleneč in the Ústí nad Labem Region, by using data from the field survey and RS. Based on the results, evaluate if the methods of RS are suitable apparatus for solving this problem. For this purpose, data from field surveys, aerial and satellite images were collected. This information was compared and evaluated. The results showed a difference in soil properties that cause a different ability to bond water over time. Differnce in water content in soil influence the spectral reflectance of the soil, which is reflected in aerial and satellite imagery in the form of a mosaic. Key words: Remote Sensing, Soil,...
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Water retention in mountain soils - case study Šumava Mts.
Vlček, Lukáš ; Šefrna, Luděk (advisor) ; Kvítek, Tomáš (referee) ; Kulhavý, Zbyněk (referee)
The thesis deals with water retention potential in soils of experimental catchment areas in Šumava Mts. Water storage in the lanscape is a question not only of the water storage capacity, but also of the infiltration rate or total redistribution of infiltrated water in the soil environment. This chosen topic is analyzed by detailed pedological survey, processing and evaluation of rainfall events, chemistry of stream water and methods of stable isotopes hydrogen and oxygen and methods based on dyes or tracers. The runoff formation process in the Šumava Mts. is connected with the presence of hydromorphous soils as Histosols and their water saturation. Histosols and similar types of soils form a considerable supply of water in dry seasons, however, water is mainly retained in soil with a minimal impact on local streams. In the period of high saturation, the volume of outflow increases due to surface runoff and preferential pathways. At mineral soils in the Šumava region deep percolation usually occurs into aquifers in the subsoil, which then can supply springs during dry periods. From the agricultural exploited parts of the Šumava Mts., the meadow basins have higher retention capacity thanks to the drainage systems. On the other hand, soil surface and drainage systems of local meadows accelerate the...
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