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Guilt and Forgiveness
Borovanská, Johana ; Čapek, Jakub (advisor) ; Němec, Václav (referee)
Main focus of this thesis is guilt and forgiveness, based on the analysis of the texts of Karl Jaspers (The Question of German Guilt), Anthony J. Steinbock (Moral Emotions: Reclaiming the Evidence of the Heart) and Vladimir Jankélévitch (Forgiveness). The above mentioned topics are followed by analysis of resentment which is closely related to both of these topics. The first part of the thesis is focused on the classification of the guilt, presented by Karl Jaspers, ie. The particular types of guilt are discussed here: the criminal, the political, the moral and the mathaphysical guilt. Following topic is focusing on the collective guilt and related questions. Jaspers' classification of guilt is folowed by Steinbock's analysis of the experence of guilt. Steinbock, in difference form Jaspers, focuses manily on the fundamental features of guilt that is considered as an experience. That presents a good addition to to Jaspers' concept of guilt which does not concern at these questions, or does so only partly. In the next part the topic of repentance, as elaborated by Steinbock, is presented. The repentance is a possible consequence of guilt, has some features in common with guilt, and is condition of possibile forgiveness. The final part of the thesis combines conceptions of both authors aiming not only...
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Death and finitude: Jaspers vs. Sartre
Chvojková, Kristýna ; Němec, Václav (advisor) ; Kouba, Pavel (referee)
The bachelor's thesis "Death and Finitude: Jaspers vs. Sartre" compares the accounts of human death and, above all, mortality in the work of J.-P. Sartre and K. Jaspers. Although both authors are often seen as existentialist philosophers, their attitudes toward death are very different. According to Sartre, man cannot relate to their own death because death does not belong in any way into the structure of being-for- itself, which means that it cannot have any sense for them. On the contrary, according to Jaspers, a human being can relate to their death through anxiety in boundary situations. Their facing the situation without trying to cloud their mortality results into their capability to differentiate between the things that are not valuable with regard to temporal finitude of human life, and existential moments above time that have a value that does not disappear with death. As a result of becoming conscious of their mortality, man actualizes their existence, becoming thus more "themselves". Contrarily, Sartre's account leads to the conclusion that man cannot be aware of their mortality - nevertheless, they are afraid of being deprived of their freedom after their death by the others. Unlike Sartre, Jaspers sees the self as a multidimensional entity, which makes it possible to say that death has a...
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Good and evil in Plotinus: From the One to matter
Janota, Sebastian ; Chlup, Radek (advisor) ; Němec, Václav (referee)
This thesis focuses on polar qualities of Good and Evil in the work of the Neo-Platonic philosopher Plotinus. Plotinus' metaphysics tries to integrate these contrary principals into a monistic system. The first part of the thesis deals with Plotinus' metaphysics in general. The central term is One - the primal principal and the source of the whole reality - which Plotinus argues for as the only real Good. Another basic term in his work is tolma - the will to separate - being the cause of plurality and providing the other with existence. New kinds of realities arise through tolma and each kind has its own specifics. The Plotinus' hierarchical scale, One - Intellect - Soul, descends to the lowest level of reality - Matter. Matter closes the whole cosmological process. Plotinus characterises Matter as the only real Evil and the originator of all evil. Nevertheless, this weakens his monistic concept. The second part of this thesis, therefore, focuses on Matter. The question is how the infinitely good One may give rise to its own opposite. Thus, this work primarily aims at difficulties connected with this dualism evoking concept and it also introduces various, sometimes highly different ways of interpretation of Plotinus' metaphysics.
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Death and Intersubjectivity
Härtel, Filip Hanuš ; Němec, Václav (advisor) ; Čapek, Jakub (referee)
The topic of this thesis is a relation between two constitutive aspects of out existence: death and intersubjectivity. The way how to research these issues is an interpretation of main concepts and notions contained in these texts. On the basis of the comparison of these concepts, notions and whole philosophical stands offers this thesis a perspective of comprehension to the topic of death and intersubjectivity.
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Projection and throwness, the voluntary and the involuntary. The character of human freedom between Heidegger and Ricoeur.
Haicl, Matouš ; Němec, Václav (advisor) ; Čapek, Jakub (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to contrast Martin Heidegger's concept of projection and thrownness with Paul Ricoeur's dichotomy of the voluntary and the involuntary, both of which attempt to describe the state of human freedom. The concept of freedom is the focal point of this comparison. According to both Heidegger and Ricoeur, human beings posses freedom that is limited by thrownness and the involuntary and both philosophers approach this problem analogically. It is also important to note that Ricoeur built on Heidegger's foundation and was inspired by some of his ideas. Not only will this thesis explore the analogies and main points of Ricoeur's and Heidegger's concepts, it will also demonstrate what changes the concept of human freedom underwent. This should help shed some light on the nature of human freedom which opens a wide range of options to choose from, although it is always limited by involuntary elements. The comparison will be based on Heidegger's concept of freedom which he described in his book Being and Time, and Ricoeur's concept of free will which he discussed in Philosophy of the Will I.
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Effective Repentance and Bribery
Němec, Václav ; Gřivna, Tomáš (advisor) ; Herczeg, Jiří (referee)
The topic of this diploma work is "Effective repentance and bribery". Effective repentance is a reason which causes an extinction of punish ability. There are two kinds of effective repentance. The first is a general effective repentance. The second is a specific effective repentance. General effective repentance causes impunity when offender of criminal act of listed crimes retrieved injury by his own will, or announced criminal act to prosecutor or police officer in time when should be injury retrieve. Specific effective repentance is codified for just a few crimes. One of these crimes, where specific effective repentance was codified is bribery. Bribery effective repentance means, that the offender of bribe giving will not be penal responsible if he gives or promises bribe, just because he was asked for bribe and if he (by his own will and immediately) announced this to a prosecutor or a police officer. In the past since 1950 we have had this specific repentance in criminal law. Since 1/1/2010 we have got a new criminal law no 40/2009 Sb. New codex no. 40/2009 Sb. despite original legislative proposal does not codify specific effective repentance in corruption cases. It was tried to describe historical aspects of effective repentance in context with development of criminal law in our country. In my...
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Heterodox Masters of Liberal Arts and Their Discussions with Thomas Aquinas
Severa, Miroslav ; Sousedík, Stanislav (advisor) ; Němec, Václav (referee) ; Heider, Daniel (referee)
The proposed thesis deals with two important issues discussed by Tomas Aquinas in connection with the averroistic controversy that occurred in the second half of the thirteenth century in Paris. The topics are On the eternity of the world and On the unity of intellect. Its author defends the position that concerning the problem On the eternity of the Word is the solution proposed by Thomas Aquinas closer to the position of heterodox masters of liberal arts then to the attitude of some orthodox theologians. The heterodox teaching On the unity of intellect is by Thomas sufficiently disproven. The doctrine of Thomas Aquinas doesn't need to always constitute an irreconcilable antithesis against the attitude of heterodox masters as it is described by some authors. The thesis also deals the two topics on the historical background of the condemnations issued by the Parisian bishop Stephan Tempier in the years 1270 and 1277. Although the heterodox masters of liberal arts are in their philosophizing strongly influenced by the Arab philosopher Averroes theirs position concerning the relationship between fides and ratio is different. Averroes says that when the conflict between reason and revelation occurs than revelation should retreat and one should look for allegorical interpretation of the Holy Scriptures....
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Kierkegaard's philosophy of existence
Šimeček, Andrej ; Kouba, Pavel (advisor) ; Němec, Václav (referee)
This work takes as its central issue the existential movement as it appears in the philosophy of Soren Kierkegaard. There appears to be relatively little secondary literature on this topic, so it is a very fruitful area to explore. The texts explored include Kierkegaard's 'psychological' books, in particular Concept of Anxiety and Sickness unto Death. These provide our work with the crucial concepts of innocence, guilt, despair, anxiety, existence and spirit. From the more traditional philosophical works, Philosophical Fragments, Concluding Unscientific Postscript to Philosophical Fragments and Johannes Climacus have been utilised. These texts inform the work mostly on the meaning of movement, doubt, contradiction and absolute paradox. From the more lyrical works, this work is informed by Fear and Trembling and Repetition. Inquiry into these texts combined will provide a picture of existential movement as it is presented by Kierkegaard. This work attempts to capture the 'becoming subjective' which is so central to Kierkegaard's thought, through the reconstruction of the existential stages. It is also the purpose of this work (in the process) to treat areas of Kierkegaard's thought that are usually left untreated. The latter are for example, the problematic of the leap of sin, the unclear status of the...
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Suárez's Proof of the Existence of God
Pavlorek, David ; Novák, Lukáš (advisor) ; Němec, Václav (referee)
of the Paper The goal of submitted paper is to show Suárez's proof of the existence of God as the main task of his metaphysics and to show the influence of St. Thomas Aquinas and John Duns Scotus on his own system of metaphysics. As will be shown, the importance of this preeminent thinker of so called second scholasticism is in his synthesis of relatively incompatible doctrines of thomism and scotism. This paper will therefore deal with main problems of precedening tradition of Aristotelian metaphysics, especially with analogy of being as applied to God and creatures, then with theory of causality and other connected questions. Keywords Suárez - Thomas Aquinas - Duns Scotus - metaphysics - proof of existence of God
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