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Chrysippus and Augustine on suicide
Golatová, Hana ; Chavalka, Jakub (advisor) ; Šenovský, Jakub (referee)
The thesis deals with suicide and topics related to it in the concept of Chrysippus of Soloi and St. Augustine. Despite the differences in their conclusions, both discuss this phenomenon in connection withdissatisfaction with life. They are based on the assumption of the initial inadequacy of human nature and the possibility of attaining happiness through its perfection. Chrysippus believes that under certain conditions suicide can become a reasonable act. The development of rationality allows one to see events from a universal perspective and to free oneself from dependence on external objects that produce passions including adherence to life. The decision to voluntarily end one's life is based on an insight into the course of nature and what is natural to man. Thanks to this knowledge, suicide becomes a virtuous act and a manifestation of harmony with nature. For Augustine, on the other hand, suicide isan expression of human weakness, an inability to cope with the miseries of life and a cowardly escape from suffering. However, he considers suffering to be an integral part of life, hiding in itself the possibility of moral remedy. Suicide manifests human egoism, which is the cause of the original sin, the degradation of the human nature and an barrier on the road to happiness and salvation.
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Illusion and Illusio: Genalogy of morals
Adamec, Jan ; Chavalka, Jakub (advisor) ; Novák, Aleš (referee)
Illusio and illusion: Genealogy of morals The work is attempting to use the concept Illusio and its coerelate illusion, which form the core of Pierre Bourdieu's sociological conception of man is inspecting one essay at the time Nietzsche's analogical concepts. Illusio as central concept of theory is bundel of interconected concepts of society, body and value. Interpretation from the view of social conception of man implied in illusio uncovers Genealogy of morals as concieving animalistic man in opposition to violent deadening techniques of socialisation and shows follow-up utopic projects of dealing with abysmal thought. As Neitzsche's tought reveals inauspicious sociological conception of conditio humana mirroring his own abysmal thought. On one side is man entangled in a circle of symbolic violence and on the other socialy maimed animal, surprisingly both situations are in the end overcome by ways of separation from society. Once by creation of utopic social unit and second by harmonic integration of social achievements with animal core of man in spite of society.
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Anthropocentric Turn of Late Capitalism
Holodňák, Radek ; Chavalka, Jakub (advisor) ; Kužel, Petr (referee)
Anthropocentric Turn of Late Capitalism Abstract Bc. Radek Holodňák This paper constitutes the first step towards a complex description of the transformation of production relationships under late capitalism while paying special attention to the theme of human emancipation. The author sets as his goal to study how corporations unknowingly apply Marx's concept of the 'species being', a being which constitutes itself in the process of work, with the aim of keeping capitalist production efficient and up to date with current demand. To accomplish this, explanations of the concepts 'alienated labour' and 'species being' are presented, drawing mainly from Marx's Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts in the context of the evolution of human organizations as described by Frederic Laloux in Reinventing Organizations. The first chapter introduces theses concerning the tendency of capitalism to overcome and outlive itself due to the realization of the inner antinomies. One of the manifestations of this phenomenon is the so-called anthropocentric turn in which the centre of interest of late-capitalist production is shifted from material goods to man. This anthropocentric turn, enabled by unique material conditions, introduces fundamental changes to the production process, work organization, and workplace relationships...
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The Free Spirit in Nietzsche's philosophy
Hostašová, Jana ; Chavalka, Jakub (advisor) ; Novák, Aleš (referee)
The main aim of this thesis is the analysis, characterization and emphasis of the phenomenon of Free Spirit in Nietzsche's Human, All Too Human, volumes I. and II. The thesis attempts to portray the Free Spirit as a holistic concept which, in addition, converges Nietzsche's most prevalent subjects, the criticism of religion, metaphysics and culture, and the importance of education and development. The character of Free Spirit shall be used to illustrate Nietzsche's vision of the future and the possible roads, which lead to it shall be described. In the first part of the thesis, I intend to focus on the creation of the Free Spirit with emphasis on "the great liberation" and on the circumstances from which it emerges, especially in contrast to the fettered spirit. The central motive then shifts to the importance of culture, its development and escalation and its cohesion with the Free Spirit. The final part is dedicated to the effects of the Free Spirit, its tasks and possibilities, which it has for the free ranging spirit. I shall introduce the free ranging spirit as a practical manifestation of Nietzsche's thoughts and I intend to lead my exposition in that direction. An important part of the thesis is to unveil Nietzsche's thinking as centred around researching and observing humans, which is then...
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Secretiveness and processuality of the Game
Skořepová, Kateřina ; Chavalka, Jakub (advisor) ; Petříčková, Taťána (referee)
Kateřina Skořepová Předmětnost a procesualita hry, Praha 2018 ANNOTATION The idea of a game as a limited space used mainly for fun, leisure or a purposeful instrument is quite limited. From this definition of the vast phenomena of games and play, it is impossible to recognize what else playfulness can offer. By differentiating the subject of the game from the gaming process itself, allows perceiving the general concept of game in a new light. Such a deviation from the generally accepted interpretation of what game is and what playing is, enables the perception of playfulness as a principle in the same way as Greek and modern philosophers described the principle of being. Utilizing this new view we can change the perception of values in everyday life and transform the way we perceive own being. KEY WORDS Game, play, processuality, paidia, world, being
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Philosophical Writings on Art and the Truth
Poláková, Markéta ; Novák, Aleš (advisor) ; Chavalka, Jakub (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to study the subject of art (especially music) and its connection to the truth. The effort is also to determine what is meant by the truth. But all this reveals the real and noble goal of this thesis: to try to capture all the questions that arise in connection with art and the truth and trying to search their proper philosophical answers. All this takes place within Friedrich Nietzsche's early philosophy, with his inspirations: Arthur Schopenhauer (we will touch the influence of Kant's philosophy on Schopenhauer's philosophy, too) and the composer and at certain time Nietzsche's personal friend - Richard Wagner, whose lesser known writings will be also introduced. It turns out that these arising questions touch on such topics as: abstract rationality and language in contrast to artistic creativity and direct experience, subjectivity or objectivity in art, the special nature of philosophy, existential issues, and issues of a higher sense of human life. Key words: music, art, truth, affection, reason, myth, drama, tragedy
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