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Human body in Czech and Swedish phraseology
Kuželová, Jana ; Štajnerová, Petra (advisor) ; Hartlová, Dagmar (referee)
and key words The aim of this final thesis is to compare the Czech and Swedish idiomatic expressions, which include words related to the human body. Using the list of idiomatic expressions generated from the available phraseological dictionaries and other literature and subsequently tracing Czech equivalents, it is mainly focused on the degree of equivalence of somatic idioms in these two languages. The theoretical part is devoted to phraseology as a linguistic discipline, differences in the conception and definition of the idiom in Czech and Swedish and it also defines the types of equivalence used in the practical part. The practical part is in addition to the above mentioned equivalence focused on the frequency of use of the individual parts of a human body contained in the collected sample of idioms, their classification and equivalence. It also deals with several groups of idioms and demonstrates the differences in their perceptions. Marginally it devotes to the etymology of some selected terms. Key words: Czech, Swedish, human body, phraseology, idiom, equivalence, etymology
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The Language of Subtitles in Translations from Norwegian
Hupáková, Petra ; Štajnerová, Petra (advisor) ; Vrbová, Jaroslava (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to analyse translations of audiovisual material from Norwegian to Czech. The theoretical part of the thesis discusses audiovisual translation in general, with special emphasis on subtitling. Strategies and concepts significant for the translation of subtitles are described, as well as different aspects of the quality of their translation. The empirical part analyses firstly the audiovisual material itself (the Headhunters movie) and consequently analyses the translation strategies and solutions used in the translation. The analysis is based on Lomheim's model. The translation of marked speech, culturally bound elements and humor is also discussed. Finally, the quality of translation is assessed. Key words: audiovisual translation, translation, subtitles, film, Norwegian, Czech
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Human body in Danish phraseology
Doležalová, Daniela ; Štajnerová, Petra (advisor) ; Houhová, Jana (referee)
This thesis presents a contrastive study of Danish and Czech somatic phraseology. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part deals with phraseology in general terms with a special focus on phraseology concerning human body and introduces comparison of Danish and Czech terminology and possible approaches to phraseological research. The practical part is based on a collection of Danish idioms excerpted from Danish dictionaries and handbooks accompanied by Czech equivalents. This collection is then subjected to structural and cognitive analysis. The result is a collection of Danish and Czech idioms, where equivalency of each unit is determined, followed by a comprehensive analysis of the results including an analysis of equivalency of specific types of idioms and a cognitive analysis of selected groups of idioms.
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Swedish vowels from a Czech speaker's perspective
Janíčková, Anna ; Štajnerová, Petra (advisor) ; Skarnitzl, Radek (referee)
This graduation thesis deals with Swedish vowels from the perspective of the Czech language. The main aim is to describe the Swedish vowel system with regards to speakers of Swedish whose native language is Czech. Introduction to the segmental systems of both languages, as well as comparison of the acoustic and articulatory vowel characteristics, build a theoretical background for the empirical section, which consists of our own research. It verifies hypotheses based on differences between the Czech and the Swedish vowel systems, and analysis of variance compares frequency data of the Swedish vowels spoken by native Czechs to those spoken by native Swedes. The results create a basis for general recommendations concerning vowel pronunciation in Swedish as a second language.
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Norwegian place-names
Zirhutová, Martina ; Štajnerová, Petra (advisor) ; Dubec, Pavel (referee)
This thesis, called "Norwegian Place-Names", deals with place-names of all types (for example names of rivers, towns and cities, mountains, lakes, roads) in Norway. The main goal is to explore the names from different points-of-view, provide information about major place-name groups, analyze the best-known names and compare Norwegian and Czech place-names. The language aspects have been emphasized.
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Categories language and its future implementation is an interesting view of the Danish
Haušildová, Kateřina ; Humpál, Martin (advisor) ; Gammelgaard, Karen (referee) ; Štajnerová, Petra (referee)
The aim of this dissertation is to give an overall picture of the category future and its language realization in the Scandinavian languages. In the first part of the thesis, the category is described from a philosophical point ofview. With support in one oftwo most int1uential theories on metaphysics oftime, the dynamic A-theory, I suggest an intuitively plausible and linguistically relevant modelof time which as opposite to the traditional time line is able to account for the striking temporal asymmetry known from several European and non-European languages. The usual time line has been replaced by branching future with branches representing potential future courses of events, of which some are more probable than others. On the basis of this model, future constructions in Danish, Norwegian and Swedish which are the language s ofthe so called 'futureless area' (Dahl 2000) are described. In the second part of the study, the inventory of the future markers in the three language s is discussed systematically according to their grammaticalization source dornains (modality, motion verbs and aspect). I describe the three central types of future markers in the Scandinavian languages, i.e. modal verb constructions (vil and skal in Danish, ska in Swedish), the de-venitive construction with kommer til at (Danish),...
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Language and rhetoric of election posters
Robovská, Luisa ; Hartlová, Dagmar (referee) ; Štajnerová, Petra (advisor)
The purpose of this thesis was to analyze how and with what kind of means election posters can persuade. The material we used were posters of Swedish parliament political parties from the campaign before the parliament election in September 2006. Together we used 94 posters of 6 six political parties. For the analysis we got inspiration of rhetoric, because of two reasons. The first reason was that rhetoric and election posters have got the same purpose: to persuade. Because of that we thought that they should use the same means of persuading. The second reason was that rhetoric could help us to get structure in our analysis. We analyzed different aspects of the posters: 1. ways of argumentation, 2. disposition and structure, 3. language and style, 4. emotional persuading, and finally 5. layout. But the most important part was the language. As the political parties use a media most typical for advertising, we focused also on the difference between the political language and advertising language. We tried to put a border between the two of them and to decide where between them the election posters are. One of our conclusions is that election posters are really very similar to a rhetorical speech, they follow very often the rhetorical rules and use the same means. The two aspects we dedicated most attention...
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The possibilities of expressing perfective and imperfective aspect in Danish
Houhová, Jana ; Vrbová, Jaroslava (referee) ; Štajnerová, Petra (advisor)
Základním východiskem práce je myšlenka, že českému rodilému mluvčímu, který je zvyklý rozlišovat v jazyce slovesa dokonavá a nedokonavá, může v dánštině občas odpovídající prostředek k vyjádření vidu chybět. Za cíl práce jsem si proto stanovila odhalit rodilému mluvčímu češtiny možnosti, které k odlišení významu dokonavosti a nedokonavosti v dánštině může použít. Práci jsem rozdělila na dvě části - teoretickou a praktickou. V teoretické části v úvodu stručně pojednávám o vidovém systému českých sloves, o vidu dokonavém a nedokonavém a způsobu jejich použití a v dalších oddílech se zabývám konkrétními způsoby, jimiž lze v dánštině význam dokonavosti a nedokonavosti vystihnout, a pokouším se definovat i situace, v nichž překlad z češtiny do dánštiny nečiní problémy. Nabízím několik možností klasifikace dánských sloves na základě charakteru děje, které se do jisté míry podobají klasifikaci sloves českých na základě dokonavosti a nedokonavosti, a sice dělení na slovesa statická a dynamická (tj. slovesa vyjadřující buď stav, nebo děj), telická a atelická (tj. slovesa označující děj, který buď vede, nebo nevede ke změně stavu) a dělení založené na způsobu slovesného děje (tj. dělení na slovesa perfektivní a imperfektivní, přičemž obě skupiny zahrnují další podskupiny sloves rozdělených na základě průběhu děje v...
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Picture of Czech and Norwegian languages based on expressions containing words head, hand and heart - a comparison
Collerová, Jitka ; Štajnerová, Petra (referee) ; Vrbová, Jaroslava (advisor)
Z rozboru je patrno, že vnímání ruky, hlavy a srdce v české a norské kultuře není příliš odlišné. To odpovídá skutečnosti, že se obě kultury vyvíjely v podobném kontextu (obě jsou evropské a ovlivněné křesťanským učením). V sebraných výrazech vykazují všechny tři části těla podobné funkce. Ruka zastupuje v obou obrazech činnost nebo práci, ale také moc, ovládání a vlastnění. Vedle toho hraje také důležitou roli v mezilidských kontaktech a nonverbální komunikaci (gesta). Ruka je také základním měřítkem vzdálenosti, množství a nezbytný pomocník pro orientaci v prostoru. Výrazy ve spojitosti s hlavou zastupují rozum, myšlení, vůli, nadání, myšlení a smysl. Norskou doménou jsou výrazy vyjadřující kontrolní funkci hlavy. Hlava, stejně jako ruka, představuje důležitou součást nonverbální komunikace a její orientace v prostorů je velmi důležitá. V obou jazycích jsou věci v pořádku, pokud je hlava směrem vzhůru. Srdce zastupuje v obou jazycích to nejopravdovější v člověku, lásku, soucit, náklonnost, statečnost, ale také smutek a lítost. Obraz srdce jako sídla odvahy je díky staroislandským ságám lépe zachován v norském jazyce. Všechny tři části těla se také objevují v metonymických výrazech. Každá část je zástupcem rozdílných věcí. Ruka zastupuje pracujícího člověka nebo přímo lidské kvality (většinou související s...
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Using web tools as a learning aid for students of Norwegian
Seková, Miroslava ; Štajnerová, Petra (advisor) ; Tichý, Ondřej (referee)
The thesis explores the use of the Web for solving some issues regarding Norwegian grammar. The theoretical part presents the principals of corpus linguistics, the possible use of the Web for linguistic purposes, the way internet search engines and the web corpus WebCorp work, and finally the basic terms like frequency and regular expressions. The practical part introduces the selected internet tools - the online Norwegian dictionary Norsk ordbok (Ordnett), Oslo-corpus, WebCorp and Google - with the focus on their search features. In the research itself the given tools are compared on the grounds of the search results for the queries simulating students' inquiries when uncertain about the grammar, most often about the right preposition. In conclusion, advantages and disadvantages of the individual tools are considered, particularly the extent of their accuracy and dependability.
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