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Secondary predications from the viewpoint of Praguian typology. Infinitive constructions in Russian, compared with Czech and German
Kocková, Jana ; Chlupáčová, Kamila (referee) ; Giger, Markus (advisor)
The aims of this thesis were to map the area of infinitives and the way they are used as secondary predicates in Russian, Czech and German, and to make a typological classification of infinitives based on the way these exist and operate in language. Part One gives an overview of the basic conception of the Praguian typology with other language typologies in the background. The overview is followed by a list of characteristic features of particular language types (according to the Praguian typology) with the emphasis put on syntactic realizations of these types. At the level of syntax, the Praguian typology has focused on the following topics: possible ways of expressing sentence relations (esp. that of predication), the issue of congruence, which is closely connected to the previous topic, the questions of noun clauses (noun + noun), the use of copula, the questions related to "a second verb" in the sentence and to the role of infinite and nominal forms of verbs and how they compete with other forms (since there is a link between these two topics), and the connection between congruence and fixed word order. In the Praguian typology the way of looking at secondary predication has changed. In the beginning, Skalička was convinced that using an infinitive as a second verb in a sentence is a manifestation of...
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The Czech modal verb "mít" and its equivalents in Slovenian
Filippovová, Dagmar ; Giger, Markus (advisor) ; Pallasová, Eva (referee)
This diploma paper contents a complex philological analysis of the Czech modal verb mít and a contrastive confrontation with its Slovene semantic equivalents. The analysis of both systems of language is effected on representative authentic texts. The excerpts of the Czech instance material are excerpted from the corpus SYN2000, the Slovene material from the corpus FidaPLUS. The aim of this work is an empirical comparison of both systems of language, whose records would be on the instant applicable in the translation use or in teaching of the Czech language as a foreign language. In the theory and nomenclature the work results from the conventional conception of modality of the Czech grammars, but by the interpretation of the excerpted materials it takes account to the methodics and nomenclature used in the non-Czech literature too. The theoretic basis as well as the used nomenclature are cleared up in the introductory chapters of this thesis. By the research it was found out, that the verb mít embodies several interesting features in the system of the Czech modal verbs. It is a polysemantic and polyfunctional lexeme, that appears not only in modal meanings, but has various high-frequented non-modal meanings as well. It deals partly as a full verb with the possessive, dispositional and partitive lexical...
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Language change and language contact phenomena in the Old-Russian documents between the Hansa and Russia and Livonia and Russia
Grišmanova, Marija ; Giger, Markus (advisor) ; Blažek, Vladimír (referee)
In the scope of the master thesis under the title "Language Change and Language Contact Phenomena in the Old-Russian documents between the Hansa and Russia and Livonia and Russia" is language change of the Old Russian, its relation with the Low German and the Latin and their contact from the 12th till the 15th ct. For representation of this problem there are used 35 Russian documents, 29 Low German documents and 10 Latin ones from the period mentioned. The ancestor of this paper was a bachelor paper, in which the peculiarities of the town Polock were examined and compared with the Low German material from this region. In the master thesis this problem is deepened, so that the texts from the other West Russian towns as Novgorod, Pskov, Smolensk and Vitebsk are examined, because there was although the contact with German merchants and Livonian knights. Attention is particularly paid to the text description in summa and to the pragmatic strategies, which differ typologically between the Old Russian documents from the different areas and the Low German documents. The paper contains 4 parts: introduction and theoretical part, description of protocol, description of the core of documents and conclusion, there is a list of the literature as well. In the introduction the author describes the problems of the Russian...
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The relation of conversion as a system relation
Kováčová, Kateřina ; Chlupáčová, Kamila (advisor) ; Giger, Markus (referee) ; Panevová, Jarmila (referee)
The relation of conversion is a semantic relation between lexemes ( or between other typ es of language expressions) that is assessed- as far as its appurtenance to the system oflanguage is concemed - in various theories of language in a different way. Informally, these expressions are usually considered to be in the relation of conversion which "denote the same situation always from a different perspective", such as e.g. the verbs dát - dostat, prodat - koupit, půjčit- půjčit si, vyhrát- prohrát or the nouns vítězství- porážka. In this thesis, the relation of conversion is regarded as a type of a semantic relation that is inherent in the language system and therefore it should be included in the whole theoretical description of language. The author tries to support this standpoint that issues from a more or less intuitive observation of the properties of lexemes in the conversion relation and from their comparison with other lexemes by a consequent description of the nature of the semantic relation of conversion within the formally constructed theory of the Functional Generative Description of Language (FGD). This task is necessarily associated with specific modifications (extensions) of the terrninological framework of FGD because in the theory of FGD the field of lexical semantics has not yet been...
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Dative in Serbian and Czech
Mašín, Jaroslav ; Giger, Markus (referee) ; Nedvědová, Milada (advisor)
Cílem této práce je porovnat rozdíly meZI používáním dativu v češtině a srbštině. Práce se zabývá i porovnáním v používání dativu volného. Jde výlučně o srovnání současných jazyků, nikoli o zkoumání diachronní. Konfrontací dvou příbuzných jazyků můžeme popsat zónu funkcí dativu. V práci se příliš nezabývám společným znaky v použití dativu v obou jazycích. Pozornost je věnována především rozdílům. Problémem při konfrontativním popisu pádu ve dvou jazycích může být mimo jiné pádová synonymie. Tentýž význam můžeme totiž někdy vyjádřit více pády s různými předložkami a různými významovými odstíny. Tento jev ukazuje na výrazové možnosti v jazyce. Například srbskou konstrukci zadužiti koga čime můžeme přeložit do češtiny podle Srbocharvátsko českého slovníku (1982) v tomto významu konstrukcí: zavázat si koho čím nebo prokázat službu komu. Vidíme, že v češtině si můžeme vybrat sloveso s doplněním v genitivu nebo dativu. -Ah nasje lije po zadužio, pa smo ga zaveli kao počasnog. (Pekié, s. 21) - Ale zato mu pořádně dlužíme, takže ho vedeme v evidenci. (překlad J F, s. 18) Ve své práci vycházím především ze srbské literatury. Díla, která ml posloužila jako jazykový materiál, vyšla poprvé po roce 1945. Jen část z nich vyšla v českém překladu. Pokud dílo v českém překladu vyšlo, uvádím daný překlad do češtiny....
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The participial system of Czech and the position of the active past participle in -vš- in it
Giger, Markus
At the beginning of the 19th century in a new active past participle in -vš- was built in Czech according to the Russian model, in the circle of J. Jungmann before 1820. It was first mentioned in the grammar by František Novotný z Luže in 1818. After 1820 it was already quite usual, although its frequency was not very high. Compared to the situation today it was often built from imperfective verbs and it usually was syntactically extended. Nevertheless a glance at translations from Russian from this time shows that the translators were quickly aware of the fact that the imperfective active past participle can be replaced by a present participle when expressing contemporaneity and that many intransitive Czech verbs had already an active past participle in -l- that could be used instead of the new participle in -vš-. The emergence of the Czech active past participle in -vš- is an interesting case of intentional language contact in a bookish part of the system of the standard language.
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