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Effects of humic substances on the experimentally injured gastrointestinal tract in rats.
Kroupová, Šárka ; Semecký, Vladimír (advisor) ; Vopršalová, Marie (referee)
Bc. Šárka Kroupová Effects of humic substances on the experimentally injured gastrointestinal tract in rats. Diploma work Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Study programme: Special worker in laboratory methods Background: The aim of those diploma work was find out what effects have humic substances on experimentally injured gastrointestinal tract by cytostatic, 5- fluorouracil, in rats. Methods: The experiment proceeded five days and it was used twenty-four rats of Wistar breed. They were divided into four groups (E, F, G, H). Every group contained six individuals. The second and the fourth day animals were located into the metabolism cages. We administered sense solution of LAMA test (LAMA solution) them. LAMA test is test of intestinal permeability. It is measured concentrations of sugars (lactulosa, manitol, sucralosa, xylosa) excluded by urine for five hours. The third day was handed to 5-fluorouracil to the animals. Throughout experiment groups had access to drinkable water, just with difference, that the groups E and G had water without admixture, groups F and H had water with admixture of humic substances. The fifth day animals were euthanized by ethereal narcosis and removed them samples of tissue from small intestine. We were processed the samples and...
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Toxicology of smoking
Hniličková, Petra ; Vopršalová, Marie (advisor) ; Žáčková, Pavla (referee)
TOXICOLOGY OF SMOKING Master's Thesis Petra Hniličková Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology This master's thesis is engaged in problems of smoking, because smoking repre- sents with its addictive character and health effects one of important medical problems. In one cigarette is in addition to nicotine (a vegetable alkaloid which is addictive) included a large number of harmful chemicals. The tobacco smoke contains toxic gases (carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, ammonia), nitrosamines, polycyclic aromatic hydro- carbons, aromatic amines, heavy metals (such as nickel, cadmium, arsenic and polonium-210) and solid particles (mainly tar). All of these chemicals are harmful to human body and their effect is hard to predict because harmful pollutants from tabacco smoke work in combination. About 4.8 million people annually die of diseases caused by smoking. In this thesis are described the most frequent causes of death, such as car-diovascular diseases, cancer (especially lung cancer), chronic obstructive lung disease (CHOPN) and others. Individual chapters are dedicated to problems of second-hand smoke and legislative measures to prevent damages caused by tobacco products.
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Distribution of acetylcholinesteraseś reactivators after intravenous administration.
Hnídková, Daniela ; Vopršalová, Marie (advisor) ; Herink, Josef (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate: Daniela Hnídková Supervisor: PharmDr. Marie Vopršalová, CSc. Title of diploma thesis: The monitoring of acetylcholinesterase reactivators distribution after intramuscular administration. Nerve agents belong to the group of OFI that irreversibly binds to acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) cannot be degraded and its increased concentration causes excessive overstimulation of cholinergic receptors, known as acute cholinergic crisis (Patočka et al., 2004). Reactivators of acetylcholinesterase, also called oximes, are causal antidotes for the treatment of OFI poisonings and therefore nerve agents. Their mechanism of action is to break bond between inhibitor and AChE active site and prevent its subsequent covalent binding (Šepsová, 2010). In this study pharmacokinetics of five selected reactivators of AChE (oxime HI-6, obidoxime, trimedoxime, oxime K203 and oxime K027) were monitored. Rats were used as a convenient model organism (male, tribe Wistar) for presented in vivo study. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was selected as the most suitable separation method to studied pharmacokinetics of oximes. In this study it was necessary to determine...
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Monitoring of antipsychotic drugs prescription, especially schizophrenia, in the Psychotic Therapy
Papežová, Miluše ; Pourová, Jana (advisor) ; Vopršalová, Marie (referee)
2 ABSTRACT Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate: Mgr. Miluše Papežová Consultant: PharmDr. Jana Pourová Ph.D. Title of Thesis: Monitoring of antipsychotic drugs prescription, especially schizophrenia, in the psychotic therapy The aim of this thesis was to monitor the treatment of patients suffering from psychotic disorder, especially schizophrenia. Theoretical part deals with schizophrenia, its etiology, pathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnostics and above all the current options of therapy. In Experimental part, statistical evaluation of the data collected in two psychiatric institutions from 178 patients is provided. Information about etiology and pathogenesis of the disease is treated first, followed by a more specific treatise on antipsychotic pharmacotherapy as well as its benefits and risks.
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Effects of New Qinazoline Derivate on the Respiratory System
Štěpánová, Hana ; Vopršalová, Marie (advisor) ; Žáčková, Pavla (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate: Mgr. Hana Štěpánová Supervisor: PharmDr. Marie Vopršalová, CSc. Title of rigorous thesis: Effects of new qinazoline derivate on the respiratory system The diseases of airways are a grave health, social and economic problem. To treatment of asthma is traditionaly used an Asiatic plant Justicia adhatoda, Acathaceae. For therapeutic effects of plant are responsible quinazoline alcaloids vasicine and vasicinone. The aim of this presented work was to determine a bronchodilator potential of derivates of quinazoline alcaloids, VN-027 (4-[3-(piperidine- 1-yl)propyloxy]pyrimidine) and VN-033 (2-[3-(piperidine- 1-yl)propylsulphanyl]quinoxaline). For evaluation theirs relaxing effect on smooth muscle of airway we used a method of isolated rat trachea. After pre-contraction by carbachol (10-5 M) was every sample of smooth muscle of trachea relaxed by growing concentration (10-7 to 10-2 M) of test substances, for maximal relaxing of trachea we used theophylline (10-2 M) in the end of experiment. From grained values we built the DRC curves in programme GraphPad and calculated the values of EC50 (1,115.10-3 for VN-027 and 6,404.10-6 for VN-033). The results were compared with a standard drug of...
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Inhibion potential of acetylcholinesterase reactivators in vitro testing
Šepsová, Vendula ; Vopršalová, Marie (advisor) ; Herink, Josef (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of farmacology and toxicology Candidate: Vendula Šepsová Supervisor: PharmDr. Marie Vopršalová, Csc. Title of diploma thesis: Inhibiotin potencial of acetylcholinesterase reactivators - in vitro testing. Nerve agents belong to the group of OFI that irreversibly binds to acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) is not degraded and its increased concentration causes excessive aggravation of cholinergic receptors, known as acute cholinergic crisis [Patočka, 2004]. The main aim of this study was to compare the relationship between structure and inhibitory effect of AChE reactivators. This knowledge can be used in designing structures of new peripherally acting AChE inhibitors with a reversible effect. The mechanism of peripheral inhibition of AChE is already used for prophylaxis of nerve agent poisoning. The mechanism of action is that reversible inhibitor binds to AChE, it prevents binding of nerve agent on this enzyme. Reversible AChE inhibitors are also used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and in anesthetic practice, to reverse the action of muscle relaxants administered [Brufani, 1997], where the increased concentration of ACh at the neuromuscular synapses is desirable to restore the...
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Toxicology of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Kohoutková, Zuzana ; Vopršalová, Marie (advisor) ; Žáčková, Pavla (referee)
The object of the dissertation was to give a survey of the adverse effect and toxicity of NSAIDs, especially coxibs. The coxibs are nonsteroidal anti-inflamatory drugs, which selective inhibit the enzyme cyclo-oxygenase-2. Clinical studies in healthly subjects and patients with rheumatic diseases suggest improved gastrointestinal tolerability. Coxibs have not significantly affected platelet function in healthy subjects. They have potentially prothrombotic effect. This effect mandates other evaluation mainly in patients with cardiovascular diseases, who are at the risk for cardiovascular events.
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