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Public Procurement Procedures and Their Effects: Evidence from the EU
Čep, Jiří ; Palanský, Miroslav (advisor) ; Matoušek, Jindřich (referee)
The goal of this thesis is to analyze the effect the choice of procurement procedure has on the price of public procurement. We achieve this by investigating the dataset on public procurement data in the EU by the Digiwhist project. In the presented model, we explain the variation in the difference of final and estimated price of procurement as a function of procurement procedure used and a set of auction characteristics such as the number of bidders, contract complexity, type of supply and others. The results show that the open procedure is generally superior to its alternatives in terms of monetary savings. We also demonstrate that in the open procedure, the largest part of the cost reduction comes from the competition effect caused by the number of bidders present, whereas other procedures are not as sensitive to changes in the number of bidders. We find that the average number of bidders is significantly lower than the optimal number would be. 1
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Analysis of Free Trade Agreements Between European Union and Latin American Countries
Macháček, Martin ; Semerák, Vilém (advisor) ; Palanský, Miroslav (referee)
Bibliographic note Macháček Martin. Analysis of Free Trade Agreements Between European Union and Latin American Countries. 35. Bachelor thesis. Charles University, Fac- ulty of Social Sciences, Institute of Economic Studies. Supervisor Ing. Vilém Semerák M.A., Ph.D. Abstract The aim of this paper is to examine if free trade agreements between Latin American countries and the European Union have positive effect on trade flow between the two. For this purpose, we use gravity models, specifically Ordi- nary Least Squares and Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood estimations with time and country-pair fixed effects. We apply these methods on five studied countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia and Mexico. The results show that the agreements with the European Union for the first four mentioned countries have positive impact, although lower than the impact of other agreements signed by these countries. For Mexico, the effect is negative, which corresponds with the reports of the EU, which is negotiating modernization of their agreement. JEL Classification C51, F12, F14, F21, H25 Keywords International trade, gravity model, European Union, Latin America Author's e-mail mhmachacek@gmail.com Supervisor's e-mail vilem.semerak@fsv.cuni.cz
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Collaborative purchasing in public procurement: A comparative study
Křivohlavý, Tomáš ; Palanský, Miroslav (advisor) ; Pleticha, Petr (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the issue of collaborative purchasing in public procurement. We describe possible effects of centralized purchasing and define the objectives and strategies of the European Union regarding procurement centralization. Then, we examine the effects of centralized procurement based on a unique dataset of tenders from the whole European Union using Quasi-Maximum likelihood estimation. We find a positive effect of central procurement on competition in three procurement sectors. We also find that the effect is higher in countries with a higher degree of corruption. Centralized purchasing is criticized because of possible disadvantaging of small enterprises. We show that this strategy has a negative effect on the probability of awarding contracts to small or medium companies in two procurement sectors. One of the recommendations of the European Union to solve this problem is the usage of tenders with multiple selection criteria. However, our results do not confirm the validity of this recommendation.
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EU and State Grants Distribution in the Czech Republic: The Effect of Political Connections
Kopeček, Martin ; Palanský, Miroslav (advisor) ; Turnovec, František (referee)
This thesis is divided into two parts. The first part analyses recently published data from the Central Grant Registry (CEDR) on state grant distribution in Czechia between 1999 and the present year. In the second part, I link this data to information on political connections established through donations to parties and examine whether politically connected firms are more successful in competing for state grants. I match the donating firms to non-donating but otherwise similar firms using propensity scores based on a number of observable characteristics. The results indicate that donating companies have a 40% higher success rate in receiving state grants compared to non-donating firms. I find that the effect is higher for grants from the state budget than for grants from EU funds, which is consistent with EU-funded grants being subject to stricter regulations. JEL Classification D72, D73, H2, H71, H81 Keywords grants, subsidies, donations, political connections Author's e-mail martin.kopecek@smallhill.cz Supervisor's e-mail miroslav.palansky@gmail.com
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Who wins and who loses due to financial secrecy? The Net Bilateral Financial Secrecy Index.
Kamenická, Lucie ; Palanský, Miroslav (advisor) ; Štěpánek, Martin (referee)
A bstr a ct Rece ntl y, w orl d le a ders are m a ki n g e ff orts t o fi n all y g ai n c o ntr ol o ver t he iss ue of t a x h a ve ns a n d fi n a nci al secrec y t hr o u g h vari o us p olic y me as ures. T h a n ks t o c o m b ati n g fi n a nci al secrec y, t a x f air ness is sl o wl y b ei n g ac hie ve d w hic h e n- a bles j uris dicti o n t o c ollect t a x re ve n ue w hic h t he y l ose d ue t o t he e xiste nce of secrec y j uris dicti o ns. I n m y t hesis I u p d ate a n d e xte n d t he e xisti n g rese arc h c o ncer ni n g bil ater al a p pr o ac h of e m piric al i de nti fic ati o n of t a x h a ve ns' fi n a nci al secrec y a n d b ase d o n it I q u a ntif y f or 1 1 1 c o u ntries t he secrec y t he y s u p pl y a n d f or 8 2 c o u ntries t he secrec y t he y recei ve. Ne xt, I pri m aril y q u a ntif y w hic h j ur- is dicti o n wi ns or l oses d ue t o secrec y b y de vel o pi n g t he Net Bil ater al Fi n a nci al Secrec y I n de x a n d esti m ate it f or 6 8 j uris dicti o ns b y setti n g f or e ac h c o u ntr y t he fi n a nci al secrec y recei ve d a n d s u p plie d a g ai nst e ac h ot her. T he n, I f o c us o n w or ki n g wit h t he est a blis he d Net B F SI a n d I b ase d o n it c o ncl u de se ver al fi n di n gs, a n d als o a n al yse h o w t he Net B F SI c h a n ge d d...
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The Role of Offshore Companies in Public Procurement in the EU
Do, Thao Trang ; Palanský, Miroslav (advisor) ; Kraicová, Lucie (referee)
Corporate income taxation constitutes a significant share of government revenue on which public expenditure depends heavily, and when multinational enterprises (MNEs) engage in abusive tax practices it adds to the average taxpayer's burden. Additionally, when awarding public contracts to companies connected to notorious havens the efficiency of public spending cannot be ensured. Using data on ownership structures of government suppliers, this paper employs the gravity theory and aims to recognise tax havens' activity on the EU's public procurement market. The gravity model identifies territories with up to 99% unexplained flows of their total procurement supply. In these countries increased risk of abuse is expected and outflow of taxable revenue can be assumed. It is estimated that companies based in or linked to tax havens annually supply about EUR 67 billion worth of EU's public contracts above the natural levels predicted by the gravity model based on economic and geographical determinants.
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Brexit and mutual trade between the Czech Republic and the United Kingdom
Vosmanský, Jakub ; Dědek, Oldřich (advisor) ; Palanský, Miroslav (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the current issue of leaving the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland from the European Union, assesses the possible impact of Brexit on mutual trade between the Czech Republic and the United Kingdom and evaluates its possible impact on the Czech economy. After a brief overview of the history of the UK membership in the EU, a description of the complicated EU and UK negotiations follows. Another chapter deals with some studies and analyzes evaluating the impact of Brexit on the British economy. The following discussion concerns negotiated Withdrawal Agreement and some possible EU-UK mutual relation models after finishing the transition period - membership in the European Economic Area (Norwegian model), negotiation of a free trade agreement (Swiss model, Canadian model), withdrawal without agreement (hard Brexit). The UK is one of the most important export partners of the Czech Republic, which results from the evaluation of mutual trade exchange data. In the final part, this thesis examines the possible influence of the decline of the British economy consumption on GDP of the Czech Republic using the Input- Output analysis and evaluates the potential impact of Brexit on the mutual trade between the Czech Republic and the UK in the automotive industry....
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Does donating to political parties pay off? Evidence from the Czech Republic
Navrátilová, Alice ; Palanský, Miroslav (advisor) ; Semerák, Vilém (referee)
According to the existing literature, political connections can lead to favouritism towards the connected companies. This thesis approximates connections through donations to political parties and analyses their effect on the value of public procurement administered by Czech Ministries between 2007 and 2017. Donations from legal entities are used along with contributions from natural persons who are matched with companies' officials to account for the possibility of masking the real identity of donors. We analyse the impact of donations on procurement from three perspectives. Firstly, we focus on donations made to parties with the largest representation in government, but do not find that firms connected to these parties win more favourable procurement contracts. We then extend the analysis to include other political parties present in the Chamber of Deputies during the examined period and each election term is assessed separately. The results suggest that donating firms received contracts of higher value than non-donating firms during two of the three election periods. Finally, we develop a novel panel-based approach with the aim to determine whether there exists a causal relationship between political connections and public procurement. The results show that connections to political parties...
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Misalignment of Profits and Economic Activity by Multinational Enterprises
Cimpová, Dominika ; Janský, Petr (advisor) ; Palanský, Miroslav (referee)
This thesis analyses the profit shifting behaviour of U.S. multinational companies using panel data set over the period 1983 - 2015. The main objective of the thesis is to com- pute the extent of misalignment between reported profit and real economic activity and consequential revenue losses caused by profit shifting and to estimate the effect of tax rates on profit shifting behaviour. Using country-level aggregated data published by the Bureau of Economic Analysis I found a substantially increasing trend in the misaligned profit reaching 540 bn US$ in 2015 which is accompanied with tax revenue losses 190 bn US$ in missing profit countries. Majority of the misaligned profit is reported in a small number of jurisdictions with near zero tax rates such as Netherlands, Ireland and Luxem- bourg. Additionally, I found a significant negative effect of tax rate on misalignment in the recent years, however, only negligible effect at the beginning of the examined period. Results suggest that 1% increase in the statutory tax rate can cause 2.5% growth in the magnitude of misalignment. My findings are consistent with the existing literature. Ac- cording to the analysis it can be concluded that despite numerous attempts for prevention of profit shifting, it is becoming more serious problem than ever before.
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