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History of Tattoving: The Postmodern Era Meets Archism. Culture of "Modern Primitives"
Rychlík, Martin ; Kašpar, Oldřich (advisor) ; Todorovová, Jiřina (referee) ; Štěpánová, Irena (referee)
History of Tattooing: The Postmodern Era meets Archaism. The Culture of "Modern Primitives" dr. Martin Rychlík The presented dissertation concerns tattooing as the main theme - its history, functions, techniques, media presentations, individual motivation and general human attitudes towards decorating (and mutilating) the body. The author, ethnology / social anthropology student Martin Rychlik (Department of Ethnology Charles University in Prague), provides a comprehensive overview of many aspects of tattooing - considered as an universal cultural custom, so far poorely mapped in the Czech republic. Tattooing is a very complex and archaic phenomenon that has roots in the ancient Stone Age. The first direct archaeological proof was found in 1991, in Soelden near the Austro-Italian boarder. The mummified remains of a 5300 year-old hunter/shepherd emerged from a melting glacier and got nickname "Oetzi". Other well known tattooed mummies are the Egyptian Middle kingdom priestess Hathor and the frozen Scythian chief from Pazyryk. Many "primitive" tribes worldwide have adopted tattooing as a means of expression. Among the best documented are those of the Maori, Ainu, Samoans, Dayak, Tahiti islanders, Inuit, South American Indians and nomadic Siberian groups. The first so-called renaissance of tattoo is associated...
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Red Power movement: political activism of North American Indians
Dufek, Tadeáš ; Kašpar, Oldřich (advisor) ; Šavelková, Lívia (referee)
This master thesis deals with the period of radicalization and militarization of North American Indian activism during the 1960s and 1970s. For this period we use the term Red Power Movement. The thesis describes the history of Indian federal policy of USA. Outlines the Red Power Movement as a important actor in political process and focus on the role of the Movement in the shaping the Indian identity.
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Theravada Buddhist monks in Sri Lanka: past and present
Skála, Ondřej ; Štěpánová, Irena (referee) ; Kašpar, Oldřich (advisor)
The diploma thesis presented here informs the academic public on a specific social group of Theravadian monks in Sri Lanka. The paper focuses mainly on providing a detailed survey of the present situation of Theravadian forest monks and their relations to the main-stream modern society of Sri Lanka. The author of the thesis presents the findings, which he collected during his field research between October 2004 and September 2006. The method he had chosen, the "living-in research" enabled him to become a full member of the monastic community. Therefore, besides from being an involved observer of the examined phenomena, he was able to participate in the action himself. The synchronous aspect of this work consists in a detailed examination of the present situation of the individual subjects and relations among them. The position of a monk (bhikkhu) and that of the monastic community (Sangha) in Sri Lanka traces back to 2000 years ago and the mutual monk-laymen relations have undergone many changes. For this reason, a part of the thesis is dedicated to monitoring the development of the Sangha and its position from the very beginning to the present times. Within this part, the author goes into more depth when describing the dynamic phenomena related to the culmination of colonialism in the second half of 19th...
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Evolution of amusing literature
Volný, Sláva ; Kašpar, Oldřich (advisor) ; Sochorová, Ludmila (referee)
The present doctoral thesis focuses on a literal phenomenon, which is still difficult to outline and classify - the so-called second-rate literature - in the context of historical and cultural developments in the Czech lands. The accent is put primarily on the so-called mass entertaining (bedside) literature for men, which was and, to a certain degree, still is represented by such adventure paperback serials (Western pulp fiction) as Rodokaps, Dodokaps, Rozruch G. F. Unger, etc. In the introductory chapter of this thesis, the author attempts to define this kind of literature terminologically, confronting his considerations with the views presented by classical literary critics - primarily the writer, journalist, playwright and essayist Karel Čapek and the literary historian Josef Hrabák. Detailed attention is paid to the historical predecessors of the mass literature in four subsequent chapters: travel books, chronicles, broadside ballads and folk reading, and adventure stories. The author gives detailed description of their respective historical developments, highlighting the features in each of them that boosted the mass growth of men's reading. The chapters devoted to a specifically Czech phenomenon - the existence of inter-war adventure paperback serials, the so-called Western pulp fiction (e.g....
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Burjatian shamanism
Havlíček, Marek ; Kašpar, Oldřich (advisor) ; Pargač, Jan (referee)
After the political changes in East Europe and Central Asia at the end of 80s of the 20th century some latitude of religious liberty, which had been limited till then, occured. It made possible to restore original traditions and gradually return the religion from illegality back to the public life. Ecclesiastic and confessional institutions started to restore in accordance with those ones operating in the period of Imperial Russia. A very specific situation arose from Buryat shamanism, which had never been under the state and authority control like other confessions had. Buryat shamans began to restore and renew extinct traditions mostly by the way of studying professional ethnographical and religious literature and inspired by the new philosophical currents of the tardy wave of New Age, they complemented numerous gaps and deficiency with their own ideas. During the last 15 years several organisations associtiating Buryat shamans have come into existence. They obviously differ from each other in their specialisation, traditions they gather from, and even in their range. Some of them are local, others try to unite all shamans in the territory settled by the Buryats, but there are also small formal and informal groups gathering disciples of a master. All associations of shamans in some ways use traditional...
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"On the land". The original inhabitants of the north from the point of view of ecological anthropology
Boukal, Tomáš ; Kašpar, Oldřich (advisor) ; Maiello, Giuseppe (referee) ; Pargač, Jan (referee)
Work is concerned with possibility of the application of ethnology and landscape ecology methods in protection of the ethno-ecological landscape stability and landscape planning in the area of northwest Siberia. Valuable experiences were acquired from mapping in region northern Canada and on the basis of author's research in three northern regions (Sverdlovsk region, Jamalo-Nenets autonomous region, Russia and NWT, Canada). These regions are inhabited by original population in conditions of landscape balance threatened by outer factor. These conditions require to design feasible method of landscape ethno-ecological mapping and planning for region of the north-western Siberia.
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Contemporary Iroquois and their identity
Šavelková, Lívia ; Kašpar, Oldřich (advisor) ; Uherek, Zdeněk (referee) ; Kováč, Milan (referee)
This doctoral thesis deals with problems of identification of people who 1) consider themselves as Iroquois, or 2) are considered as Iroquois. The Iroquois are original inhabitants of North America living predominantly in the northeastern part of the U.S.A. (namely the State of New York) and in adjacent parts of Canada (provinces Ontario and Quebec). The thesis concentrates mainly on the process of identity or identities formation in the context of policies of the U.S. (and individual union states) and Canada (and individual Canadian provinces) which stipulate the legal framework for definition of membership of the group, rules for border crossing and jurisdiction in the reserves. Further the thesis examines the selfidentification of the Iroquois on the basis of kinship, place of residence, recognition or rejection of own political representatives and consequently fractioning of communities, religions, native languages, symbols, oral traditions and specific matters such as the game of lacross. A special emphasis is laid on boarding schools which formed the part of assimilationist policies of the U.S. and Canadian governments and exerted enormous influence on the shape of identity of the Aboriginal peoples. The position and activities of the Iroquois on the international scene are also discussed as part of...
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Virtual worlds - construction of the past as a game. Amateur historical fencing
Moravcová, Jana ; Štěpánová, Irena (advisor) ; Kašpar, Oldřich (referee)
This diploma thesis concerns on one way of leisure time spending in Czech Republic - non-professional historical fencing. This activity lays essentially in depicting of battle manners in the past in fonn of dramatic performances (public presentation is not required though). The actors use for their purposes armament, outfit, clothing and other equipment that should correspond at least generally to a certain historical period. In the first part of the work I set historical fencing into broader context of leisure time activities with common features, which are RPG's (Role Playing Games) and LARP's (Live Action Role Playing) and leisure time activities with fantasy thematics generally on one side, and other ways of depicting of the past, mainly historical music, historical dance and "living history" on the other. In the next part I try to explain current meaning of the term "historical fencing" and to briefly survey evolution of historical fencing in our country from the 60's until today. I watch non-professional historical fencing actors themselves more closely, explore their associating into groups, fonnal structure of such associations (groups) and cite examples of several Prague based groups. I also deal with motivation of actors for historical fencing, non-concerned public's view of such activity and...
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Jesuits' part in process of introduction of Europian agriculture technics in Mexican Baja California
Drahošová, Hana ; Kašpar, Oldřich (advisor) ; Jetmarová, Jana (referee)
California Baja use to be inhabited by Indians tribes of hunters-gatherers and the agriculture was unknown there. In this thesis native inhabitants and its adaptations to local conditions is described. Following part is about arrival of Jesuits to the peninsula and their activities there during 1697-1767 such as establishment and progress of missions and their relations with natives. Furthermore is discussed question of introductions of European agriculture technics - mainly crop production and animal husbandry; and also fundamental processing of the gained products.
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