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Institucional Dynamics of Swedish Welfare State in the 20th Century
Šetele, Adam ; Fabianková, Klára (advisor) ; Johnson, Zdenka (referee)
In my thesis I focus on the concept of the Swedish welfare state, which many economists consider as a conclusive evidence that an extensive welfare state is fully compatible with a growing and competitive economy. The main hypothesis is that institutions of the welfare state leads in time to a continual pressure on change of overall condition of all social structures, expansion of the public sector, its overuse and increasing inefficiency. I examine a period from about 1850, when Sweden began to rapidly develop until the turn of the 20th and 21st century, when the Swedish welfare state fell into crisis. The hypothesis is verified by using the methodological approach of induction and with theoretical framework of new institutional economics. Findings of my work shows that the success of Swedish welfare state is rather a result of specific institutional factors that were favorable to business environment for most of the modern Swedish history. On contrary, excessive social spending, high taxes and market regulation from the second half of the 20th century made the system unsustainable and pointed to the need of reformation.
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Tariff wage policy as a cause of the Great Depression on the Weimar repulic? Contribution to the Borchardt controversy
Mollová, Dita ; Fabianková, Klára (advisor) ; Johnson, Zdenka (referee)
The Bachelor thesis deals with Chancellor Bruning's industrial politics during Germany's great economic crisis of the 1920s and 30s. At the time, the Bruning administration ran restrictive fiscal policies and even today there is no concensus on the viability of possible alternatives. The key question remains what options did the aforementioned government possess in tackling the crisis, and to what extent was it limited by mandatory social spending, such as tariff wages. Consequently, the thesis looks at how tariff wages affected state budget and German businesses, and analyzes the extent to which Bruning's government was limited in determining restrictive policies. The benefit of the work lies in the application of tariff wage problematics onto the 1930s situation. I found out the real wages still steadily increased because of finantial market's rigidity. Together with decline in demand it deepened the crisis.
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Creative destruction in Czech economy
Vobořil, Lukáš ; Johnson, Zdenka (advisor) ; Chalupecký, Petr (referee)
By using statistical methods and methods of macroeconomic analysis it has been proved that Schumpeter's theory of the creative destruction works not only as a theoretical model but it holds true even in real economics. With these methods it has been proved that during the currency and economic crisis in the 1997 and following the creative destruction was present in Czech economy and that it has changed the economy to be more effective and more productive than it was before which has helped to reach steeper growth rate afterwards. This means that the crisis through the creative destruction in fact has improved a condition of the whole Czech economy. Such an improvement has been also proved by an international comparison with the economy of the Slovak republic where the creative destruction didn't act so much due to an absence of economic crisis.
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Financing of New Deal and Impacts of its Selected Programs
Kopřiva, Tomáš ; Johnson, Zdenka (advisor) ; Fabianková, Klára (referee)
Bachelor thesis "Financing of New Deal and Impacts of its Selected Programs" focuses on the fiscal aspects of economic program New Deal of American President Franklin Delano Roosevelt in the 1930s. Theoretical part describes causes and consequences of the Great Depression (1929-1933) and economic situation in the USA during this period. In the next part it is followed by description of New Deal's nature and its individual measures, which were introduced as a "cure" for Depression. The thesis aims at an analysis of financing of the New Deal in the first chapter of practical part. It analyses fiscal policy and rising federal debt during the period from 1933 to 1939. Main source of funding is sought. The conclusion of this chapter is that emergency expenses associated with New Deal were financed mainly by deficit spending, which was reflected to rising federal debt and additional burden on the federal budget by interest from the debt. The second chapter of practical part examines selected programs of the New Deal, namely Agricultural Adjustment Act and National Industrial Recovery Act (both of them passed in 1933). This final chapter reveals their negative impact on the American economy. Negative impacts are compared to positive ones. Those negative economic and social impacts of chosen programs mentioned in this work are more significant than the positive ones.
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Employment policy in Nazi Germany during 1933-1939
Vojtěch, Zdeněk ; Fabianková, Klára (advisor) ; Johnson, Zdenka (referee)
This thesis deals with employment policy in Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1939. The focus is mainly on public programs and the construction of highways. The Great Depression hit Germany hard. When the Nazi government came to power, unemployment amounted to six milion which corresponded to a third of the workforce. The subject of discussion until today is how the Nazi regime was able to resolve unprecedented unemployment. The work is based on the hypothesis that public programs accounted for half the reduction of unemployment. First, I examine macro-economic analysis of the first and second four-year plan and labor market policies. Then I analyze public programs and the construction of highways. After that I compare the findings with the development in the labor market and the general economic situation. I conclude that public programs only partially contributed to the reduction of unemployment.
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Přímé zahraniční investice v Chile po Pinochetově režimu
Bořil, Adam ; Szobi, Pavel (advisor) ; Johnson, Zdenka (referee)
The thesis covers fourteen years of three democratic governments which were established after the Pinochet regime. The author puts the main emphasis on links between policies of these governments and willingness of multinational enterprises to invest in Chile. The area of this research includes foreign direct investments (FDIs) which were materialized under the regime D.L.600. Chile is well known for its stable outstanding economic performance and the foreign investments represent just one indicator in which Chile performed well. In the researched period, Chile was the no.1 country for FDIs in Latin America. The assumption that reasons for the great amount of FDIs originated from suitable government policies was confirmed. Especially, the author explained the important role of the infrastructure concession program and privatizations. On the other hand the role of bilateral investment promotion agreements was not proved. The author used primarily data from the World Bank, Foreign Investment Committee and Ministry of Public Works in combination with synchronic approach and probe technique. The statistical numbers were put in the context of historical events.
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Institutional prerequisites for the process of transformation of Czechoslovak economy in the 1990s
Nikodym, Lukáš ; Chalupecký, Petr (advisor) ; Johnson, Zdenka (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to analyze institutional prerequisites for the process of Czechoslovak transformation in the beginning of 1990's. Using the standard theoretical framework of institutional economics and Svetozar Pejovich's interaction thesis shows the transformation process as a part of continuous institutional evolution. The analysis of institutional environment is aimed on the activity of organizations which are seen as a source of institutional change and the pressure from the exogenous institutional framework. Long-run development of endogenous institutions shows the creation of collectivist structure of Czech society. This fact, combined with the process of creation of secondary laws, shows the inappropriately chosen strategy of transformation.
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The Impact of the Civil War on the Economy of the USA
Starý, Václav ; Johnson, Zdenka (advisor) ; Fabianková, Klára (referee)
The aim of this study is to analyze the economy of the United States before, but mainly after the American Civil War. The first part of the thesis is aimed at the comparison of antebellum economies of Southern and Northern American States and the causes which led to the outbreak of the military conflict. The issues of slavery, different economic development or tense political situation are discussed. The second part deals with the economic impact of the Civil War and with the subsequent post-bellum economic development in the United States. On the basis of such evaluated data, the hypothesis, claiming that the Civil War represented the revolution in the development of the American economy, which we would not have experienced without the military conflict, is tested. I conclude that the war cannot be seen as a watershed in neither American economic development - nor in the North, where transformation into the industrial society had already begun before the war, or in the Southern states, where the emancipation of slaves caused diminution in agriculture productivity which contributed to the economic backwardness of the South.
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Budget surpluses in the 1990s in light of B. Clinton fiscal policy and economic growth
Drnda, Adnan ; Johnson, Zdenka (advisor) ; Chalupecký, Petr (referee)
This thesis deals with the topic of fiscal policy in the USA during the administration of Bill Clinton and origins of budget surpluses at the end of the 1990s. First I describe fiscal and economic situation during the administration of presidents Reagan and Bush. Then I focus on period of the Clinton administration and key budget acts. Using budget analysis I determine main changes in budget outlays and receipts. I come to conclusion that favourable economic situation led by development of informational technology and other positive factors had an essential impact on stabilization of American federal budgets. However, the Clinton administration managed to take advantage of these circumstances and through fiscal policy significantly contributed to creation of the budget surpluses. In the end I present few recommendations for policymakers.
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The role of American car manufacturers in the German economy in the 30's of the 20th century
Tahovská, Anna ; Johnson, Zdenka (advisor) ; Fabianková, Klára (referee)
Bachelor thesis deals with the role of US subsidiaries of automotive companies in the revival of German national socialist economy in the 30's of the 20th century. Its aim is to clarify whether these companies have played a key role on the German car market. The thesis is chronically divided into three main parts. The first part deals with the blossom of the automotive industry in Germany and the US market in the 20's. It also describes the entry of US companies on the German market. The second part examines the automotive industry in Germany in 30's. It focuses on the major automobile manufacturers on the market and examines their role in the preparations for World War II. This section explains in particular the role of US subsidiaries and their role in the rearmament of Nazi Germany. It also deals with Volkswagen concept. The last part describes the position of car manufacturers during and immediately after World War II. The thesis proves the important role of US car manufacturers in the German economy in the 30's of the 20th century and exemplifies their role in the rearmament of Germany before and during World War II.
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