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Risks Associated with the Dietary Supplements Use.
Zubrová, Julie ; Jahodář, Luděk (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee) ; Malíř, František (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradci Králové Department of: Social and Clinical Pharmacy Candidate: PharmDr. Julie Zubrová Supervisor: prof. RNDr. Luděk Jahodář, CSc. Consultant: PharmDr. Jitka Pokladníková, Ph.D. Title of Thesis: Risks Associated with the Dietary Supplements Use The worldwide increase of dietary supplements use, the way they are marketed and the limited information about safety of these products open the space to make new studies and thus to increase the safety of dietary supplements use in general public. In this dissertation, four individual topics related to the dietary supplements use were addressed: the safety of the use of additives in dietary supplements, allergy-like reactions to herbal products in children, the quality of information on the Internet relating to dietary supplements, the dietary supplements use by patients in the pre-operative period. The results of individual studies carried out in the framework of the dissertation showed potential risks associated with the dietary supplements use. Besides undesirable side effects of dietary supplements and interactions, potential side effects have been reported with some additives, especially if the patient is receiving the additive simultaneously in several dietary supplements or with food....
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Utilisation of nutrinional substrates in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients
Valentová, Gabriela ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Herink, Josef (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Candidate Mgr. Gabriela Valentová Consultant Doc. PharmDr. Miloslav Hronek, PhD. Title of Thesis Utilisation of nutrinional substrates in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients Critically ill patients have significantly different metabolism compared to healthy individuals. Patients are experiencing hypometabolic phase which turns into hypermetabolic phase later on. It is desirable to supply patients with a nutrition that will reflect these metabolic changes and that will sufficiently cover the individual needs of each patient in order to decrease the risk of adverse effects and to improve the prognosis of the patient. The goal of this clinical study was to compare the nutrition of critically ill mechanically ventilated patients from surgical ICU of Teaching Hospital in Hradec Králové with results obtained from the results of calorimetric examination. Balance between the nutritional support and the immediate energy needs of the patient allows us to evaluate the level of coverage of the nutritional needs within our group of patients. In total 17 critically ill mechanically ventilated patients were examined. They were given nutrition according to the detailed...
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Evaluation of muscle strength among groups with varying degrees of physical activity
Voplakalová, Sabina ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Student: Sabina Voplakalová Supervisor of master thesis: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík, Ph.D. Title of master thesis: Evaluation of muscle strength among groups with varying degrees of physical activity The aim of this thesis was to elaborate the existing knowledge about the composition of the human body, muscle strength depending on the different levels of physical activity and methods that can be used for evaluation. The next goal was to collect custom data on a selected group of people using available devices and finding statistically significant associations between individual parameters. A total of 24 healthy individuals with variable physical activity, aged 21-27 years (10 males, 14 females), were divided into two groups, according to the average energy expenditure. Data collection included basic anthropometric measurements, determination of body composition by means of bioimpedance spectroscopy, spirometric parameters and muscle force by means of digital pinchgrip/myometer. Significant statistical differences between the measured groups were found in body mass, body mass index and peak expiratory flow. When evaluating maximum strength, the groups were different in flexion of ankle and elbow....
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Receptor for Nicotinic Acid
Suchánková, Marie ; Fendrich, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Nicotinic acid belongs to the drugs with anti-hyperlipidemia effects. It lowers levels of both cholesterol and triglycerides and increases the level of HDL. The benefit features of this vitamin are accompanied with the side effects of flushing, mainly, that have very negative influence to patient compliance. Independently, T. Soga and A. Wise have discovered the G-protein-coupled receptor GPR109A (HM74A in humans, PUMA-G in mice) as the receptor for nicotinic acid. This elucidation opened the way to elucidate the molecular identification of the mechanism of nicotinic acid-induced flushing. We have done several experiments with PUMA-G double-knockout mice which lacking the PUMA- G receptor. First of all, we have established the method for monitoring the flushing response after the administration of nicotinic acid and acipimox, its derivative with similar effect on the lipid metabolism. From our results, it implied that nicotinic acid and acipimox causes flushing response via the receptor PUMA-G. Thus we could say that PUMA-G receptors are involved in both lipid- lowering mechanism and flushing-mechanism. It has been postulated that NSAIDs can diminish the occurring flush response in the patients. Our experiments with COX-1 -/- clearly showed that COX-1 is one of the crucial enzymes in the nicotinic...
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Evaluation of output in motion activities in realtion to total energetic output in gravidity
Němcová, Barbora ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Jílek, Petr (referee)
Background: Energy expenditure of physical activities of Czech women in gravidity is a lowly explorer part of energy metabolism. Objective: The purpose of this study was the estimation of the energy expenditure by physical activities and basal metabolic rate agains total energy expenditure in gravidity and to compare our values with values presented in foreign literature. Design: The energy expenditure of physical activities was established in 137 Czech women in gravidity. Women have filled daily activities in the questionnair. Seven days activities were estimated in a specially designed program GraphPad prism 4. As the values of energy expenditure of physical activities were considerated program values calculated multiplication factors (1,035; 1,062; 1,177 for the first, second and third trimester of pregnancy. Result: Sixty-six pregnant women have done the special exercise made for women in gravidity.Women have spent on the average by this exercise 7,50 min/day, 14,88 min/day and 11,01 min/day at first, in second and in third trimester. One hundred twenty-two pregnant women have introduced walking. At first trimester women have burned up on the average 109,87 kcal/day, in second trimester 378,92 kcal/day and in third trimester 661,07 kcal/day. Twenty-six pregnant women have introduced yoga. At...
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The evaluation of energetic expenditure in pregnancy.
Němcová, Barbora ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Jílek, Petr (referee)
Background: Energy expenditure in pregnancy of Czech women is a lowly explorer part of energy metabolism. Objektive: The purpose of this study was to estimate total energy expenditure in Czech pregnant women in gravidity and to compare our values with values presented in foreign literature. Design: Energy expenditure was estimated in 137 Czech women. Total energy expenditure was estimated from filling date each activities, which pregnant women filled to questionnaires and activities missed in guestionnaires wrote to paper. Seven days activities was estimated in a specially designed program GraphPad Prism 4. As the values of total energy expenditure were considerated program values calculated multiplication factors (1,035; 1,062; 1,177 for the first, second and third trimester of pregnancy. There is described also other energy characteristics - i.e.basal metabolit ratein the study Result: In our study there was total energy expenditure 2993 ± 599,6 kcal/day on average.There was seen a gradual increase total energy expenditure 2415 ± 533,9 kcal/day for first trimestr, 2719 ± 457,3 kcal/day, for second trimester and 3223 ± 586,5 kcal/day for third trimester. BMI group <19,9 was 2295 ± 239,3 kcal/day TEE, BMI group 20 - 26 was TEE 2800 ± 383,3 kcal/day and BMI group > 26 was TEE 3554 ± 532,6 kcal/day....
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Dietary factors in etiopatogenesis of kidney?s disease.
Kubátová, Andrea ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Kudláčková, Zděnka (referee)
Acute and chronic renal diseases belong permanently among those with a relatively significant prevailance. Conservative treatment, including dietetic interventions, plays an important role in medical strategy. Dietetic scheme of the 80's of the 19th century is still used as a fastening point. For this scheme is, of course, unavoidable to be submitted to strict individualisation, not only regarding the health status of the patient, but also in relation to his psychic status and compliance resulting from it, must be taken into consideration. In case of the acute renal failure, the basis of dietetic structures is created by low-protein diets, which range between the energetic value of 25-50 kcal/kg/day and the intake of 0,6-1,2g/kg/day proteins, rich in essential amino acids. Further, the low-protein diets are supplemented with the reduced intake of natrium, calium and phosphorus. With chronic renal failure, dietetic processions are divided into three schemes in dependency on the level of serum creatinin. Moreover, they respect a distortion of lipid metabolism, distortion of glucoregulation and the individual status of the patients again. It is crucial to start conservative medical processions already in the early stadium of renal functions decrease. At the same time, the level of serum creatinin...
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Maternal prenatal nutrition in relation to postnatal diseases of children.
Kotilová, Lucie ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Fikrová, Petra (referee)
DIPLOMOVÁ PRÁCE Prenatální výživa matky vzhledem k postnatálním onemocněním dítěte Abstract Maternal nutrition during pregnancy is important in the correct development and growth of the fetus. Prenatal nutrition may play a role in genetic courses, may change these courses and lead to defects in development of the fetus. Intrauterine phase of development in the most critical period and possible changes may cause lots of diseases of child in later. Development of diseases may be caused by prenatal nutrition. Pregnant women should receive the diet which will have balanced proportion of basic nutrints, which means carbohydrates, proteins and fats. The diet should be also rich in vitamins and micronutrients. Sufficient intake of proteins is necessary to correct growth of the fetus and placenta. Nutrition rich in carbohydrates may provoke the changes in the metabolism of sugars and may lead to the development of DM2. Maternal nutrition containing excessive amount of fats, especially cholesterol, plays an important role in progress of atherosklerotic lesions in blood vesses of offsprings. Influence of vitamins was also discovered during the studies. Vitamin D and vitamin E may influence the development of the imunne system. Deficient intake of these vitamins may be responsible for the disease which are based on...
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Change monitoring of the coagulation during physiological pregnancy.
Ptáčková, Veronika ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Konečná, Klára (referee)
This project monitored changes of coagulation during physiological pregnancy by metering of choice coagulation parameters. Includes also the summary of coagulation changes near gravid women and complications that are may their owing to come. For change monitoring was measured value of Protrombin test (PT), Activated parcial tromboplastine test (APTT) and level of fibrinogen (FBG) and D-dimer (DDI) near healthy of gravid women in time up to 20., 30. and 40. week of pregnancy. Metering was effected on Dade Behrings analyzer in haematology laboratory CHL and TC General faculty hospital Prague. Outcomes were statistically processed. Was found, that the value of coagulation tests PT (P=0,0793) and APTT (P=0,1232) not show during pregnancy any relevant changes, happens only to their mild fall in terms of physiological divide. On the contrary, level FBG (P<0,0001) and DDI (P=0,0311) during pregnancy increased. Values of all parameters depend on a week pregnancy. Pregnancy is hypercoagulation state, which is effected above all decrease fibrinolytic activities and products of placenta. Imbalance among for- and anticoagulative action is able to make many complications, threating mother also fetus. Hypercoagulation conditions bear to also found increased levels of FBG and DDI.
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