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Development of the use of the decimal classification in the Czech ambient
Poljaková, Anežka ; Pálka, Peter (advisor) ; Houdek, Petr (referee)
Cílem bakalářské práce je shrnutí vývoje a využití desetitmého třídění v českých knihovnách a jiných informačních institucích. V práci jsou nejprve popsány hlavní rozdíly mezi nejvýznamnějšími pořádacími systematyckými jazyky: Deweyho desetinném třídění, Mezinárodním desetinném tříděním a Tříděním Kongresové knihovny. Hlavní důraz je kladen na podání jejich charakteristiky a popsání jejich struktury. Pozornost je zejména věnována prvním pokusům o zavedení desetinného třídění v českém prostředí -je zde uveden výčet nejvýznamnějších osobnosti, které se u nás ponejvíce zasloužily o propagaci a rozšiřování věcného pořádání informací. V navazujících částech jsou popsány snahy o všeobecné zavedení tabulek a pokusy o jejich příslušná vydání. Na něž navazuje modifikace desetinného třídění L. N. Tropovského a následující vydání Tabulek desetinného třídění ÚTEINu a dále tvorba oborových a odvětvových výtahů. Poslední část je věnována pokusům o vydání úplných československých tabulek. V závěru je shrnut celkový přínos desetinného třídění pro české země.
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Eseje o ekonomii a managementu: Aplikace behaviorálních věd v organizacích
Houdek, Petr ; Smrčka, Luboš (advisor) ; Belás, Jaroslav (referee) ; Šťastný, Daniel (referee)
The thesis consists of four conceptual articles focused on application of theories and findings of behavioral economics and behavioral ethics in the sphere of managerial science (What Comes to a Manager's Mind: Theory of Local Thinking; A Perspective on Consumers 3.0: They Are Not Better Decision-Makers Than Previous Generations; Professional Identity and Dishonest Behavior; Puppet Master: Possible Influence of Parasite Toxoplasma gondii on Managers and Employees). The thesis contains introductory unifying commentary that deals with the replication crisis in management science and then speculates on the possibilities of behavioral organization economics. Introductory commentary contains also a summary of the main ideas presented in the conceptual articles and complementary empirical studies listed in the Appendix.
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How does the culture history of his native country influence fair-play game?
Skořepa, Matouš ; Houdek, Petr (advisor) ; Slaný, Martin (referee)
The work examines the influence of culture native country, represented by years of war, the numbers of murders per capita, rule of law index, the proportion of believers in the population, as well as individual characteristics, represented by age, salary and a height of players, on fairplay athletes in the NBA in years 2005-2011 for 20 countries. Regression analysis carried out using OLS with the inclusion of robust standard errors confirmed a statistically significant influence of state characteristics of and single individual characteristics, salary. Increasing the number of years in which the country is at war conflict, 1 year leads to an increase in the number of fouls in the game by about 0,6 %, the potential increase of the index rule of law by 1 point associated with a reduction in the number of fouls in a match of 2,8%, increase in the number of murders in the country by 1 % point relates surprisingly, reducing the number of fouls by 0,017%, increasing the proportion of believers in a population of 1 % corresponds to the reduction in the number of fouls player by 0,07 % and the potential increase in the annual player's salary by 1 % point is related to the decrease in the number of fouls by 0,07 %. The surprising result of the influence of the number of murders fouls may be due to the fact that murder is already very extreme manifestation of violence that not all individuals are able to, so this factor is not relevant. The results show that national characteristics have much greater impact on violent behavior than individual characteristics of an individual. Culture homeland is rooted deep in man and carries him into another environment. This finding could be beneficial for the economy of criminology where authorities could via targeted directing cultural factors affecting negatively to human behavior achieve to increase the prevention of violence.
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Vliv kognitivního vyčerpání na rozhodování
Farská, Kateřina ; Houdek, Petr (advisor) ; Rusina, Robert (referee)
One of the factors significantly influencing our daily decisions is the so-called cognitive depletion.The theory of cognitive depletion postulates the existence of a limited mental resource that is necessary for self-regulation. If the resource is diminished by a task involving self-control, achievement in subsequent self-control task will be impaired. This project examines the effect of cognitive depletion on decisions in the Iowa Gambling Task designed to simulate real-life decision making involving gains and losses. Further, a possible effect of moderating factors that could be affected by cognitive depletion and consequently influence decisions in the Iowa Gambling Task -- risk preference and impulsivity -- is investigated. Dual-process theories postulate there are two systems involved in decision-making: faster, intuitive, emotional System 1 and slower, deliberative, rational System 2. It was found that cognitive depletion leads to enhancement of System 1. As advantageous decisions in the Iowa Gambling Task are closely related to emotional reactions -- domain of System 1 -- it was hypothesized that cognitive depletion will lead to not worse, or possibly even better results in depleted subjects. A controlled laboratory experiment was conducted involving 39 subjects in total. No difference was found in average desicions of depleted and non-depleted subjects in the Iowa Gambling Task, supporting the hypothesis. Further, short-term increase in impulsivity caused by cognitive depletion was very probably moderating choices in the IGT, leading to worse overall performance. Regarding risk preferences, we found that non-depleted subjects were generally more risk seeking in losses context, while depleted subjects exhibited rather loss aversion. This change in risk behaviors due to cognitive depletion very probably did not mediate choices in the Iowa Gambling Task.
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Health economics: What heals us and what kills us
Janovský, Stanislav ; Houdek, Petr (advisor) ; Misic, Viktorija (referee)
This study deals with the health production function. It analyzes the impact of health care, socioeconomic, lifestyle and environmental factors on the mortality and life expectancy of the population of the Czech Republic. The analysis is made by linear regressions with time series data for the period from 1993 to 2011. Health care is measured by health care expenditures or by non-monetary indicators, the number of doctors and the consumption of pharmaceuticals. The results show that higher health care expenditures increase the mortality and reduce life expectancy. On the other hand higher number of doctors and higher consumption of pharmaceuticals improve the health status of the population. It may indicate inefficiency and corruption in health sector. Important factors that positively influence health are wealth, education and fruit and vegetable consumption, smoking affects health negatively. The results suggest that health care policy should focus not only on effective allocation of health care expenditures but also on lifestyle and socioeconomic status of the population. The limits of this work are short time series which don't allow the use of the lagged explanatory variables.
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Korupce v křesťanském národě: „Ovlivňuje křesťanská víra úroveň korupce ve společnosti?“
Kraus, František ; Houdek, Petr (advisor) ; Svoboda, Miroslav (referee)
What are the determinants of corruption? This thesis builds upon contemporary approaches to assessing the level of corruption in different countries using purely economic determinants such as the aggregate income, level of education, openness to trade or taxation. This method is further enhanced by involving variables mapping the religiosity of the surveyed states as institutional determinants. Faith works as an agent that reduces selfish behavior and stresses moral values, thus it should prove to reduce corruption. The dataset involves data of 30 countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) in the years 1999-2010. Two independent OLS models are set up using corruption perception indicators as endogenous variables; one with purely economic determinants, and the other with added religious determinants of corruption. Expansion of the model gives out a more robust set of results with greater determination. The results show that increasing number of Protestants in a society correlates with lower levels of corruption. The effect of the government spending on education has been considerably reduced after involving the religious variables. However, corruption does not seem to be influenced by the percentage of Christians in total population.
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Confirmation of payday effect on increase in mortality in CZ
Drvoštěp, Tomáš ; Houdek, Petr (advisor) ; Brožová, Dagmar (referee)
This thesis seeks to discover manifestations of "full wallets" in the Czech Republic -- the expected increase in consumption and activity on paydays should result in increase in mortality. The research is being conducted by means of regression analysis of regional panel data concerning years 2008 to 2010 and of out-patient wards microdata samples. The results of the analysis seem to contradict the assumption as such, and I attribute these results to the overly uniform distribution of paydays in the course of a month. Particular, more robust results indicate an increase in mortality on 15th day of a month though, and a decrease in mortality on 30th day of a month, in conformity with the underlying assumption. Examination of seasonality of mortality in the Czech Republic should further aim at utilization of microdata related to certain paydays.
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The impact of income and employer on happines in the Czech Republic
Valentová, Adela ; Houdek, Petr (advisor) ; Brožová, Dagmar (referee)
This thesis identified the impact of income and reference income on happiness or life satisfaction. The impact of type of employer for which was identified the impact of firm size, the difference between private and public sector and the entrepreneur and the employee. For the analysis for the Czech Republic were used data from 1st, 4th and 5th wave of European Social Survey from years 2002, 2008 and 2010. The analysis found only a small positive impact of absolute income on happiness, a positive impact of reference income which suggests the possibility of "tunnel effect" which means that the positive impact of reference income can be explained as a signal of possible future prosperity. On average a higher happiness for entrepreneurs and employees in public sector was found. The significant impact of firm size on happiness was not found. The highest impact on happiness have health and living with partner. The increase in health has the same effect on happiness as tripling of income; living with partner has even bigger impact on happiness, about 3, 5 times of income.
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Economy of procrastination
Hon, Jakub ; Houdek, Petr (advisor) ; Doležalová, Antonie (referee)
The size and intensity of procrastination is influenced by various factors including local environment.The conditions set for elaborating homework, that were exactly the same for both high school and university students, brought up different results. These results were based on an experiment (N=111), which was replicated from a study (D. Ariely and K. Wertenbroch, 2002). The best results achieved were from high school students while put under pressure by submitting more homework on a specific date. This fact varied significantly from university students. Also there is a positive influence of age and maturing on the women's final grade. The precondition for divergent influence of different teacher's gender on men and women was not disproved.
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Analysis of Market with Marijuana and Price Position in the Illegal Market
Morávek, Daniel ; Běláčková, Vendula (advisor) ; Houdek, Petr (referee)
Economical analysis of market with cannabis products is solved by the master thesis. Emphasis is placed on the situation and specifics of Czech Republic market with focus on price of cannabis drugs. It contains research questions which deal with role of price of drugs users -- if price factor is more significant than other socio-economical factors. The thesis describes development of legislation and anti-drug policy in the Czech Republic and its focus on cannabis products. In the theoretical part of the thesis there are presented economical and social aspects of anti-drug policy and its forms of applications in the Czech Republic. Analytical part of the thesis is focused on analysis of recent situation in the market with cannabis products. There is presented survey dedicated to consumption of cannabis drugs by students of high (secondary) schools. The survey also deals with attitudes of these students towards cannabis drugs. The survey is the source of data for regression analysis. Research has shown the most of users of marijuana do not pay for the drug. In case of act of buying there are frequent volume distcounts. Procurations of anti-drug policy which are trying to influence the price therefore may not have any impacts on buying behavior.
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