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Dynamics of orchid occurrence in lowlands
Štěpán, Jakub ; Kindlmann, Pavel (advisor) ; Křenová, Zdeňka (referee)
This thesis is about plants from the orchid family growing in 9 squares determined by KFME method with focus on the Nymburk region. This thesis describes a lowland area and its biotopes where these species can be found, including the most prominent threatening factors. Based on historical and currently available data I am actively verifying habitats with reported occurrence and by doing so I hope to create an up-to-date database of these taxa. By comparison of current state of orchid occurrence with historic data I will be able to tell more accurately the dynamics of individual populations, reasons for their decrease and suggest precautions for more efficient protection and support of these rare and endangered plant species.
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Abundance of and threats to the snow leopard in various regions of its occurrence
Valentová, Kamila ; Kindlmann, Pavel (advisor) ; Hulva, Pavel (referee)
Snow leopard (Panthera uncia) is an endangered species and its population size is steadily declining. This thesis attempts to introduce and analyse the main factors threating its survival with reference to each country of its occurrence: China, Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Russia and Mongolia. To conserve the remaining snow leopard populations, it is necessary to detect its distribution in various areas. Here, recent data about its worldwide distribution are presented. Snow leopard has a very secretive lifestyle, which makes estimation of its abundance quite difficult. Therefore, I also present here an overview of methods, such as sign survey, capture-recapture, predator:prey biomass ratios, photo-capture rate and genetic analyses, used for estimation of abundance of snow leopard with reference to conducted studies. I discuss their advantages and disadvantages under different conditions. Key words: snow leopard, abundance, threats, worldwide distribution, conservation
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Protected areas, NP Šumava, PLA Český les, ANCOVA, socioeconomic development, border region
Pícha, Zdeněk ; Křenová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Kindlmann, Pavel (referee)
Villages occur in many Czech and central European large protected areas (LPA). Some inhabitants and local politicians occasionally publish, that occurrence of the LPA can inhibit regional development and cause negative demographic and socioeconomic changes in the region. This diploma thesis tests this assumption and studies the effect of existence and establishment of the LPA on socioeconomic parameters of villages and their inhabitants. The case study was conducted in the south-west border region of the Czech Republic, the area of high o ser atio alue. The Šu a a Natio al Park i side of alread e isti g Šu a a Protected La ds ape Area, PLA a d Český les PLA ere esta lished 99 a d 5, respectively. Also Novohradské hory PLA was proposed several times but have not been proofed till now. Statistical analysis (ANCOVA) for selected socioeconomic and demographic parameters of 39 villages and their cadasters were used to study development of the region between years 1991 - 2011. The results found the village size (number of permanent residents living in the village) to be more significant predictor for most of studied parameters than occurrence of the village in/out of the LPA. The results are discussed with results of similar studies conducted in other protected areas. Peripheral character of the border...
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Assessing changes in conditions of the Šumava NP forests managed by the Kašperské Hory Municipality Forests, Ltd.
Hamarčák, Mário ; Křenová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Kindlmann, Pavel (referee)
The utilization of remote sensing in the field of nature conservation and landscape management has recently increased tremendously. Possibility of implementing data obtained by remote sensing in GIS has created an increasingly powerful tool also for appropriate management of protected areas. This thesis focus on the assessment of changes in forest habitats in the Šumava National Park, which are managed by the private owner the Kašperské Hory Municipality Forests, Ltd. comparing orthophotos from the years 2011 and 2015 in the GIS. The changes were evaluated using the methodology proposed in my bachelor thesis "What aerial photographs can reveal about the state of habitats in Šumava National Park?" (2013), to which this work continues. In this case only changes of the Third and fourth category, characterizing active forest operations, were analyzed. Changes were studied both at the level of the NP zonation and at the level of Natura 2000 habitats. The second part of this study is based on field surveys, in which the effects of forestry measures applied in the first and the second zones were investigated. Several parameters were recorded in each study plot, c, but especially the amount of retained woody debris and tree regeneration, the most important parameters of forest ecosystem quality, were...
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Differences in spatial distribution and dynamics of bark beetle (Ips typographus) spreading in extensive windfall areas caused by the hurricane Kyrill in the Šumava NP
Janouchová, Šárka ; Křenová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Kindlmann, Pavel (referee)
Search for the most appropriate forest management in the period of increasing frequency of windstorm and bark beetle outbreaks is a big challenge for foresters and mainly for managers of protected areas. A better knowledge of effectiveness and ecological conseguences of applied methods is necessary for good management of forest ecosystems. The ecology of European spruce bark beetle, natural disturbances occurring in Middle European forests and post-disturbance meausres are reviewed in the first part of this master thesis. Analysis of data about the spatial distribution and dynamics of bark beetle spreading in one of the forest districts of the Šumava National Park and the data about forest regeneration are published in the second part. Own field records together with data from the forest management plan and maps with records of occurrence of the bark beetle infected trees in study area between 2000 and 2006 were used in this study. The significant correlations between occurrence of the bark beetle infected trees and their occurrence in previous years were found. The active management (cutting down and removing of bark beetle infected trees) can't eliminate the bark beetles outbreak. Moreover, the active management causes the fragmentation of canopy and increases the risk of further degradation of...
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Assessment of the state of Natura 2000 locations protecting Dusky and Scarce Large Blue butterflies. Can other endangered species and habitats profit from the protection of these sites?
Glückseligová, Pavla ; Křenová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Kindlmann, Pavel (referee)
Land-use change that took place in the second half of the 20th century affected population sizes and viabilities of many species adapted to extensive land use. Dusky and Scarce large blue butterflies are ones of these species. Both number of their populations and population sizes declined all over Europe. During the last decade, many protected areas of the Natura 2000 network have been established to preserve these butterfly species. Protected areas are managed specifically to support viability of the Maculinea populations. This thesis investigates a current status set of the Natura 2000 sites in southwest Bohemia protecting one or both Maculinea butterfly species. Implementation of the specific management was found to be a crucial factor for successful protection of the Dusky and Scarce large blue butterflies. We found that there are significant differences in managements applied in different locations. Almost half of protected areas are managed in inappropriate ways, their butterfly population sizes were very small or already extinct. Other sites are managed well and stable Maculinea populations live there. An assumption that a specific Maculinea management could also support another rare or endangered species has been tested in this thesis too. All available records (i.e. field inventories,...
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Changes in ladybird communities along an altitudinal gradient
Matušová, Martina ; Kindlmann, Pavel (advisor) ; Martínková, Zdenka (referee)
Ladybugs are often used in biological control, because of their predatory way of life and potential ability to control many insect pests. So far, a number of studies was performed on this family, on their hunting strategies, other life history strategies, population dynamics, dependence of their distribution in time and space on the abundance of prey etc. However, the temporal changes in species composition and relative or absolute abundance of ladybugs were not yet examined along an altitudinal gradient. This is why I have focused my work on these dependencies. I tested the following hypothesis: overwintering sites in Coccinellidae are usually located at lower altitudes, where the individuals eventually attack their prey on the earliest budding trees; as season goes on, ladybugs follow the trends in environmental conditions and food and move to higher located sites; at the end of the season, ladybugs return back to their overwintering sites. In the research area in the Beskydy Mountains, 12 experimental sites were selected, evenly spaced along an elevational gradient of 350-482 m above sea level at each location. During the season, 12 measurements at two-week intervals were performed, each containing 2x300 sweeps. A total of 3064 of ladybug individuals were collected, belonging to 11 species. The...
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What aerial photographs can reveal about the state of habitats in Šumava National Park?
Hamarčák, Mário ; Křenová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Kindlmann, Pavel (referee)
The utilization of remote sensing in the field of nature conservation and landscape management has recently increased tremendously. Possibility of implementing data obtained by remote sensing in GIS has created an increasingly powerful tool also for appropriate management of protected areas. This bachelor thesis delivers a brief overview of remote sensing methods, projects that use these applications and the possibility of their application in practice. Also examples of research activities in the field of remote sensing aimed primarily at protecting and monitoring the state of forests are presented. Finally, a draft methodology for the analysis of changes in habitat qualities in the area of interest, the Šumava National Park, is proposed. Keywords: Habitats, Management of protected areas, Habitats for Natura 2000, GIS, Aerial photographs, Remote sensing
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Trends in structure of bird communities in the Czech Republic: from diversity to homogenization?
Prylová, Kristýna ; Reif, Jiří (advisor) ; Kindlmann, Pavel (referee)
Biotic homogenization is a process changing functional structure of ecological communities. Bird communities are changing from homogeneous to diversified primarily because specialist species are replaced by non-specialized species (generalists), and in terms of their ecological functions are becoming more similar to each other. Causes can be both in the current climate change and in human-induced land use changes. Using the community specialization index (CSI), I showed that bird communities in the Czech Republic show a trend towards the higher homogenization over the past 20 years. Effect of climate change has been documented by calculation of the community temperature index (CTI), which reflects the relative proportion of species living in lower and higher teperatures. In contrast to CSI, CTI increased over the same time period. Moreover, I focused on the relationship of homogenization with species richness and compared to the results from other countries, it does not change significantly. The observed phenomena were probably caused by a gradual climatic warming in the Czech Republic, accompanied with more frequent occurrence of other climate change symptoms such as severe storms. A second cause underlying the homogenization could be increasing intensity of agricultural production.
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