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The Saxons in Bohemia 1631-1632
Kortus, Oldřich ; Čechura, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Bobková, Lenka (referee) ; Fukala, Radek (referee)
Předmětem této práce je zpracování epizodické události z dějin třicetileté války, tažení saské armády do Čech v letech 1631 a 1632. Text práce je rozvržen do šesti kapitol. První z nich shrnuje přehled dosavadního bádání o tématu a seznamuje čtenáře s existující literaturou a použitými prameny pro sepsání tohoto pojednání. Druhá kapitola věnovaná počátkům tažení saského vojska do Čech řeší odpověď na některé z otázek položených v úvodu: Proč se uskutečnilo tažení do Čech? Na tuto otázku nelze zcela jednoznačně odpovědět. Podnětem k němu mohly být dva důvody spojené z faktem, že této příležitosti bylo možné využít k živení saské armády na území Čech. Prvním důvodem mohly být obavy saské strany z napadení kurfiřtství císařskými vojsky pod velením Aldringena a Tiefenbacha. Druhým důvodem mohla být obava z plánů českých pobělohorských exulantů. Ti, pod vedením Jindřicha Matyáše hraběte z Thurnu usilovali o návrat do staré vlasti a o obnovení náboženských a politických poměrů do té míry, jaké existovaly před rokem 1620. Toto se mělo zdařit vyvoláním povstání v zemi proti císaři a českému králi Ferdinandovi II. za podpory švédské armády. Tažení švédského vojska do Čech a následně do rakouských zemí se císařský dvůr, generalita a vlivné politické osobnosti dlouhou dobu velmi obávaly. Mám za to, že Arnimovo tažení...
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The fiefs of castle Karlštejn since its formation to 80th of 14th century
Novotná, Markéta ; Čechura, Jaroslav (referee) ; Bobková, Lenka (referee)
The foundation of the Karlštejn domain is the result of the revision of the Chamber of Goods at the turn of the fortieth and the fiftieth of the 14th century by the king Karel IV. This new domain was based on the declining structure of the Přemyslide hunting forests, especially the so-called Kamýk "villicatio" and the province of Tetín. While since the end of the 10th century the agricultural areas of Czech lands had been controlled by great administrative centres (so-called "hradská střediska"), the wooded and non-agricultural regions such as Kamýcko or Tetínsko were controlled only by small local forts - princely courts. Most of these courts were favorite seats of a prince but Kamýk nad Vltavou developed into an administrative centre, where at the end of 13th century a castle was built on a hill above the river. Only during the early 14th century the Kamýk region started to be more densely colonized and parts of the villicatio were given in pledge. The new owners often interfered with the rights of the fiefs attached to the villicatio. It was the king Karel IV. who appended the vassals and their goods to the castle Karlštejn. The colonization and landscape of this territory influenced the location of the fiefs, some of them far away from the castle. Most of the fiefs survived till the end of the...
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Lesser nobility in the region of Kostelec nad Černými lesy in the era of early modern period
Mrvík, Vladimír Jakub ; Maur, Eduard (referee) ; Čechura, Jaroslav (advisor)
This study should help to recognize the social and economic conditions of life of the lesser nobility in Bohemian Kingdom in the era 1500-1728(1739) shown on the example of lesser nobility in historical region of Kostelec nad Černými lesy near Prague. The common developmental trends, problems and first of all reasons of the dying out of this social group were observed there. Those conclusions were compared with analogical researches from other Bohemian regions. Herewith in present Czech historiography there are very few studies about the pauperisation of bohemian nobility in the late 17th and first of all in 18th century. Finally this study surveys local history of the named region and the micro-historical relationships of the environment of typical aristocratic dominion and its officers. Our observed lesser nobility could be divided into two quality levels - the clerical nobility and the landed nobility.
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The knights Kaplíř of Sulevice on the treshold of the early modern age
Kozojed, Petr ; Čechura, Jaroslav (referee) ; Bobková, Lenka (advisor)
This thesis focuses on the history of the the family of knights Kaplíř of Sulevice. It covers a period from the first reference to this family before the half of the 14th century until the death of the last male member in the lineage at the beginning of the 18th century. The family Kaplíř of Sulevice belongs among significant members of the estate of Czech knights. In the course of the 14th and at the beginning of the 15th century the members of the family built up their property structure and that time there were 5 descents formed: descent of Sulevice, descent of Ostrý, descent of Solany, descent of Skalka-Řehlovice and descent of Vimperk. Thanks to the Hussite period the knights of Sulevice, the men of great enterprise, succeeded in penetrating more significantly even beyond boundaries of their own estates. The half of the 15th century was marked with certain stagnation (except the descent of Vimperk) which, on the contrary, was in their prime.
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Lives of priests during the reign Ferdinand I in the dossiers of utraquistic consistory in broader historical context
Mrázek, Zdeněk ; Zdichynec, Jan (referee) ; Čechura, Jaroslav (advisor)
This work about the Utraquistic priests during the reign of Ferdinand I (1526-1564) is an attempt to describe the basic elements and problems the Utraquistic Church had to face at that time. These characteristic problems comprised more or less the content of pastoral work as well as the everyday work of individual clergymen. The first part clarifies some chosen aspects of Ferdinand's reign and is supposed to explain the reader some specific features about that time, about the personality of Ferdinand I as a ruler and last but not least about the conflict between political conception of the King and the Czech corporative representation. It is not all about description of Ferdinand's reign but it also shortly explains the problems that used to have crucial meaning at that time. The second part deals with history of the Utraquistic Church not only during the reign of Ferdinand I but in previous years as well. The year 1526 does not represent substantial landmark, although thanks to political development it is traditionally considered as very important. The beginning of the second chapter that deals with religious development of past Hussite and Yagellogian era is concentrated on the political questions of that time because the politics and religion used to be inseparably wedded. This is followed by the...
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Glassmaking in Jablonec during the second half of the 19th century and early 20th century (with regard to the social-economic and technological development)
Bareš, Jiří ; Jakubec, Ivan (advisor) ; Efmertová, Marcela (referee) ; Čechura, Jaroslav (referee)
Glass work is one of such branches, which affected the regional development and general character of not only Jablonec region, but also the whole N othern Czechia. The very inception of glass work in this region is strongly connected with German collonisation. People,who came to this Czech border area, were originally from relatively crowded German regions. Such suitable natural conditions as e. g. deep forests, mountain rivers, it all made glass work possible. On this base, metallurgy followed by glass workshops, especially centred on abrasive technologies. In Nothern Czechia, there are vety exhausting climate conditions; the soil bonity is very poor as well. These facts influenced the economic structure and activities of its inhabitants. All mentioned factors made people not only to work in glass industry, but also in textile workshops. It means, they worked in the two most important economic branches of N othern Czechia. Prom the turn of the 18th and 19th century, key changes in glass work came into being in that time in Jizerské hory region. This period was characterised by the system of distributed manufacture, based on protoindustrialisation. A wide range of goods started to be produced here. It has an umbrella term "Jablonec goods", involving many sorts of fine and utilitarian products made mostly...
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Inventories of inheritance of the early modem period nobility in the Principate of Opava and Krnov as a source of history of every-dayness (1650-1740)
Mašitová, Petra ; Čechura, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Fukala, Radek (referee) ; Maur, Eduard (referee)
Inventories of inheritance of the early modem period nobility in the Principate of Opava and Krnov as a source ofhistory of every-dayness The universa! analysis and comparison of nobility's inventories of inheritance is an object of the work. Concemed inventories were built in years 1650-1740, the bottom limit is given by the end of Thirty Y ears' War (late leave of Swedish garrisons from north Moravian and Salesian region) and the top limit corresponds with dividing of Salesian principalities after the lost War of the Austrian Succession. Time definition of the work deliberately ignores year 1620, which is much too stressed as an important marker by Czech historiography. From geographical point of view we cover the region of Czech Silesia, namely historie principalities of Opava and Krnov. The resources' base consists of agenda, which is located in Land archive in Opava, in the fund District executive of Opava-Krnov's principality in Opava 1507-1784. There are over 300 inventory numbers in the aforementioned fund, which contains inheritance and trusteeship cases from the 16th to 18th century. I am interested in 20 inventories of persons, whose houses acted in the area of Upper Silesia: Eichendorf, Vlčkové of Dobrá Zemice, Bokové of Burgvice, Bruntálští of Vrbno, Hodicové of Hodice, Brixové of Moncle and...
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The Maleč farm at the time of F.L. Rieger
Vojáček, Milan ; Čechura, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Hájek, Jan (referee) ; Štaif, Jiří (referee)
František Ladislav Rieger was o ne of the most famous Czech politicians of the second half of the 19th century. He was František Palacky's son-in-law and his successor in the leading of the Czech politics. He and his wife Marie Rieger bought the Maleč farm from Franz Xaver Auersperg in 1862. Rieger had already had experience with management of a farm in Suchdol between 1854 and 1857. The Suchdol farm, much smaller than Maleč, did not bring enough profit. Rieger sold the Suchdol farm and his saw mill in Semily and bought the Maleč domain for 300 000 guldens. It was a big investment and Rieger had to mortgage the farm as well as his wife's house in Prague. By the research I wanted to answer the following general questions: 1. How did the farm in Maleč work? 2. How much ofhis time and effort did F. L. Rieger invest in the management? 3. How much money did he need for his representative life of an important Czech politician? 4. Where and how did he get his money? As far as the theme "Farms in the second half of 19th century" is concerned, analytic studies are very rare in the Czech historiography. Most studies about family farms do not go beyond the middle of the 19th century. The available literature is more general in its focus- about the agriculture, industry, demography, Rieger and his family, or political...
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Glassmaking in Jablonec during the second half of the 19th century and early 20th century (with regard to the social-economic and technological development)
Bareš, Jiří ; Jakubec, Ivan (advisor) ; Efmertová, Marcela (referee) ; Čechura, Jaroslav (referee)
Glass work is one of such branches, which affected the regional development and general character of not only Jablonec region, but also the whole N othern Czechia. The very inception of glass work in this region is strongly connected with German collonisation. People,who came to this Czech border area, were originally from relatively crowded German regions. Such suitable natural conditions as e. g. deep forests, mountain rivers, it all made glass work possible. On this base, metallurgy followed by glass workshops, especially centred on abrasive technologies. In Nothern Czechia, there are vety exhausting climate conditions; the soil bonity is very poor as well. These facts influenced the economic structure and activities of its inhabitants. All mentioned factors made people not only to work in glass industry, but also in textile workshops. It means, they worked in the two most important economic branches of N othern Czechia. Prom the turn of the 18th and 19th century, key changes in glass work came into being in that time in Jizerské hory region. This period was characterised by the system of distributed manufacture, based on protoindustrialisation. A wide range of goods started to be produced here. It has an umbrella term "Jablonec goods", involving many sorts of fine and utilitarian products made mostly...
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Testaments in Jihlava during years 1578-1590. (History of family and household, historic demography and sociotopography)
Jirková, Pavla ; Hoffmann, František (referee) ; Čechura, Jaroslav (advisor)
Studium testamentů začíná mít v posledním desetiletí mnoho příznivců z řad naší odborné veřejnosti. Ne neprávem. Postupem času se ukazuje, že dochované, leckde téměř nepřetržité řady testamentů z různých měst českých zemí v sobě skrývají další a další netušené informace pro pochopení života měst i jejich obyvatel ve své každodenní realitě. Zároveň JSou vedeny kriticky zaměřené diskuse o metodologických otázkách, spjatých s takovým studiem. Příkladem mohou být i četné příspěvky a podněty, které zazněly na první konferenci věnované speciálně tomuto problému, která se konala v HÚ AV ČR 30. listopadu 2005 pod názvem "Pozdně středověké testamenty v českých městech". Tato problematika se stala i předmětem mé diplomové práce. Na jejím začátku stálo překvapivé zjištění, v jakém množství a zároveň neuvěřitelně celistvé podobě jsou zachovány testamentární zápisy přesahující několik staletí, jež jsou uchovávány ve Státním okresním archivu v Jihlavě. Tato práce si nemůže klást za cíl zhodnocení dané problematiky ve své celistvosti a úplnosti, ani pro podmínky v kontextu místně a časově vymezených limitů tématu, tedy Jihlavy v letech 1578-1590. Kromě základních informací, vztahujících se k diplomatickému zhodnocení pramenů a právním otázkám testamentární praxe, bylo přihlédnuto ke třem oblastem studia, jež spolu do...
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