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Lifestyle and culture in the everyday life of Russian society in the late medieval period through the eyes of western Europeans
Vavřinová, Valburga ; Picková, Dana (advisor)
The intention of the presented dissertation was to examine reports provided by foreigners coming to Rus in the 15th and 16th centuries from the aspect of cognizance and perception of customs and institutions and everyday life of the country, and to shed light on this reflection made by people from a different cultural environment. For a better illustration of the perception of a specific reality in late medieval Rus and its interpretation by Western Europeans visitors, it was necessary to place their work into a more general framework of the history of the Russian state in the time when it was "rediscovered" by Western Europe, and to recall again the development of its relations with individual Western European subjects. The work is divided into the following parts. In the first chapter Rus and the West in the 15th and 16th Centuries, the development of events is outlined, which were fundamental in forming the Muscovite state in this period and its first "opening a window to Europe". The second chapter Western Europeans as a Source of Information about Rus presents a broader and thematically wider analysis of the used sources. Its aim is to introduce the authors who, in the given period, wrote work focused on Rus and the lives of its inhabitants. Attention is paid to the circumstances in which they visited...
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The Baltic Crusades of John of Bohemia
Šimeček, Vojtěch ; Picková, Dana (advisor) ; Drška, Václav (referee)
Bachelor thesis The Baltic Crusades of John of Bohemia deals with three Baltic crusades attended by king John of Bohemia. Those crusades were led against pagan Lithuanians in winters of years 1329, 1336 and 1345. The Thesis proceeds from knowledge of modern and older historiography and comparison of its hypotheses and conclusions with reflection of analysis of sources. The aim of the thesis is to incorporate John's expeditions into the context of christianisation of the Baltics but also answer the questions if John of Bohemia tried to fulfil the ideal of devout ruler or if it was just a political decision and how successful were these crusades.
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Battle of Bannockburn as a contribution to the shaping of Scottish Independence
Pecková, Tereza ; Suchánek, Drahomír (advisor) ; Picková, Dana (referee)
The bachelor thesis "Battle of Bannockburn as a contribution to the shaping of Scottish Independence" deals with the history of Scotland during the First War of Scottish Independence. In this period, the Scots were fighting against their English enemies for many years and in the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314 they almost won their independence. However, the independence was oficially recognised fourteen years later. To understand the causes of Scotland's warfare, the thesis first describes the period to the early years of the 14th century, when Scots competed especially with King Edward I of England, who wanted to subdue their kingdom. Futher, the thesis focuses on the period of reign of Scotland's new king Robert the Bruce. The main aim of this thesis is to analyze the circumstances, consequences and changes represented by the Battle of Bannockburn. The autor also focuses on Robert I's role in that war and changes to his position in Scottish society.
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Russian America at the Turn of the 18th and the 19th Centuries
Fišer, František ; Stellner, František (advisor) ; Picková, Dana (referee)
The presented work focuses on the history of Russian America, the only Russian overseas colony located in the territory of today's American state of Alaska, specifically it is concerned with the middle period of its existence, i.e. between the years 1784 and 1818. After a brief introduction of the beginnings of Russian presence in the North Pacific, the thesis deals with its main topics. The first one is the organization of voyages to the islands and the mainland of Russian America. Commercial hunting companies are introduced in this context as a subject representing eastern Russian expansion and the characteristics of hunting expeditions are analysed in detail. The second, key part of the thesis is the analysis of the Russian colonization of Alaska in terms of the relations between Russians and the indigenous people, the creation of base structures and the competitive struggles of Russian traders. Comparison with colonization practices of other colonizing states in this area - Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America - is also included. This chapter is followed by the analysis of the administration of Russian America and its development since the times of hunting-and-trading companies, to the activities of the Russian-American company, a semi-governmental organization with the...
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Foreign policy of king Theoderic the Great: Presentation of his power and marriage polic
Mestek, Oto ; Drška, Václav (advisor) ; Picková, Dana (referee)
The Ostrogothic king Theodoric the Great, after years of struggle with other Gothic groups and Eastern Roman emperor Zeno in the Balkans, set out in 488 with his tribe to the west. There he defeated King Odoaecer and became ruler of Italy, where he founded the Ostrogothic kingdom and immediately became involved in the complicated relations between individual barbarian rulers of Western Europe. He had to clash with Vandals, Franks, Burgundians and Visigoths. Theodoric used his female relatives to make marriage alliances with neighboring kings to secure his position on the international scene. With the help of the "laws of the barbarians" and the official Ostrogothic correspondence written by Cassiodorus Senator we will focus on the various marriages organized by Theodoricc and how these marriages and other Theodoric's steps helped him to create his position among the other barbarian rulers.
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About the Origin of the States of the Volga Bulghars and East Slavs
Bürger, Martin ; Picková, Dana (advisor) ; Smrž, Pavel (referee)
The present thesis summarizes the oldest history of the Volga Bulghars and East Slavs, the two mutually influencing neighbours that nevertheless differed in their origin, language and also their way of living, material and spiritual culture and foreign political orientation. The process of the origin of Volga Bulghars State and East Slaves State is emphasized; three key factors are compared - long distance trade, establishing diplomatic ties to stronger neighbours and acceptance of a monotheistic religion.
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The monasteries of Cistercians in Tuscany: filiations of San Galgano founded in 13th century
Tylová, Kateřina ; Suchánek, Drahomír (advisor) ; Picková, Dana (referee)
The topic of the diploma thesis is the activity of the Cistercian monastic order in the area of Tuscany. During the main wave of founding the Cistercian monasteries in Italy, the area of Tuscany, whose medieval boundaries roughly correspond to its current ones, was under major political influence of Florence, Siena, Pisa and Lucca. Most monasteries in the region were founded in the vicinity of these cities. This work aims to contribute to the discoveries about the influence of these cities and their elites on the establishing of foundation of the white monks in Tuscany. The goal of this work is an analysis of circumstances and causes of the arrival of the Cistercians in the Tuscany region, where they arrived relatively late, compared to other Italian regions. The work focuses on the specificities of the Cistercian movement of the foundation of monasteries. The fist Cistercian foundation in Tuscany was the monastery San Galgano. Most of the Cistercian abbeys in the region predominantly from the 13th century was affiliated with San Galgano. The diploma thesis aims to describe the development of the Cistercian order and its monasteries in the area by exploring specific Cistercian foundations in Tuscany. Possibly the most important monastery in the region was San Galgano, which served as the maternal monastery...
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Empire of Nicaea - basileus ton Romaion and his Empire after
Průšová, Tereza ; Picková, Dana (advisor) ; Suchánek, Drahomír (referee)
The present thesis deals with the Byzantine Empire at the beginning of the 13th century. The text concentrates on events following the conquest of Constantinople by the crusader army in 1204 and the response of Byzantine elites to the new political reality. The main attention is paid to Theodore I Laskaris and his actions concerning the emerge of Empire of Nicaea. The Nicene Empire is compared to the Empire of Trebizond and the Despotate of Epirus. The purpose of the thesis is to analyze differences of these state units and their relation to the political and cultural tradition of the Byzantine Empire as well as to determinate main elements of the Byzantine statehood. The significant amount of both continuity of social processes and cultural traditions within the Byzantine society is emphasized. The Empire of Nicaea is evaluated as an integral and important part of the history of the Byzantine Empire.
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Reforms enlightened monarchs in Russia and the Habsburg monarchy.
Schastlivtseva, Anastasia ; Štaif, Jiří (advisor) ; Picková, Dana (referee)
The aim of the bachelor thesis is to analyze the reforms especially in the internal policy of Catherine II in Russia and Maria Theresa in the Czech Lands. The purpose of this study is to carry out a comprehensive analysis of Catherine II's and Maria Theresa's political activities in the light of the requirements of modern historical science and with the use of already published historiographic sources, related to addressing important domestic policy issues, and finding out the Empress's involvement in preparing and implementing reforms, as well as comparing their reforms with each other.
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