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Historico-Sociological Analysis of the Sharing Economy from its Early Digital Foundations to the Present
Martos Carrion, Esther ; Blaive, Muriel (advisor) ; Müller, Karel (referee) ; Maslowski, Nicolas (referee)
The main goals of this project are; (1) to explore what sort of consequential events have made possible the emergence of the sharing economy, (2) to observe how this socio- economic system has evolved over time, (3) to identify current drivers, typologies, challenges and other aspects of consumer behaviour attached to this digital phenomenon and, (4) to monitor the user traffic (2015-2017) of remarkable sharing economy platforms including the social network Facebook. Although the sharing economy still yet being a new paradigm, this dissertation aims to explore the subject from a historico-sociological perspective taking into consideration events occurred from the 80's onwards. This study addresses qualitative and quantitative data collected from the literature review, 22 personal interviews with experts on the field and web tracking systems. As a principal outcome, this dissertation will provide a theoretical approach in which the brief history of the sharing economy will be argued in detail.
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Historical Sociology of the Romani Nationalism: Foundations, Development and Challenges
Sambati, Douglas Neander ; Maslowski, Nicolas (advisor) ; Szaló, Csaba (referee) ; Marushiakova, Elena (referee)
in English Douglas Neander Sambati Abstract This work develops a historical-sociological approach analysing the general practices, the strategies, the actions and the discourses of Romani and Romani-Friendly organizations through the lenses of the theories about nationalism. It focuses on the overlapping and the contradictions found among the different actors of the Romani Nationalism. This research defines the Romani Nationalism as a movement which does not have a clear forerunner and does not have a uniform perspective and inclinations, notwithstanding the common agreement not to aim for the establishment of a Romani state. In order to understand such dynamics, the research questions and chapters were divided in three main areas. In the first part, it is discussed if the framework of the Romani and Romani-Friendly organizations can be seen as nationalist, basing the discussion in authors as Gellner (1983), Smith (2008) and others. The comparison with Hroch's (2000) model of analysis about nationalism indicated the existence of a structure which is not (only) a nationalist movement, but also an anti-racist mobilization which employs nationalist tools. The second part analyses the Roma Nation along a set of representations which can be analytically divided in Pan-Romani and Social- Political: the...
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Dissent after 1989. The use of Pierre Bourdieu's theory of habitus change on the example of selected post-dissent organizations
Benetková, Eva ; Maslowski, Nicolas (advisor) ; Německý, Marek (referee)
The thesis of Dissent after 1989. The use of Pierre Bourdieu's theory of habitus change on the example of selected post-dissent organizations deals with the topic of dissent after 1989 and his subsequent life and influence in the Czech society after 1989. The theme of the post-dissent is conceived through a qualitative the research of organizations whose activity is based on the legacy of dissent or refers to its activities. With the help of the research design of instrumental case studies, the following organizations are organized: Charter 77 Foundation, Václav Havel Library, Babylon, Libri prohibiti. The monitored themes are the development of the organization's relationship towards disentanglement, the dissent reflection in the current activities of the organization, and how the organization communicates these themes towards the public. The theoretical part of the thesis outlines the issues of dissent and post-dissent, which are further embedded in the post-communist transition and presentation of the methodology of qualitative studies. In the second part of the case studies of the above mentioned organizations. I outline their focus and development towards dissent. The last part is an analysis of this development through the theoretical concepts of habitus change of Pierre Bourdieu. The aim is...
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Historico-Sociological Analysis of the Sharing Economy from its Early Digital Foundations to the Present
Martos Carrion, Esther ; Blaive, Muriel (advisor) ; Müller, Karel (referee) ; Maslowski, Nicolas (referee)
The main goals of this project are; (1) to explore what sort of consequential events have made possible the emergence of the sharing economy, (2) to observe how this socio- economic system has evolved over time, (3) to identify current drivers, typologies, challenges and other aspects of consumer behaviour attached to this digital phenomenon and, (4) to monitor the user traffic (2015-2017) of remarkable sharing economy platforms including the social network Facebook. Although the sharing economy still yet being a new paradigm, this dissertation aims to explore the subject from a historico-sociological perspective taking into consideration events occurred from the 80's onwards. This study addresses qualitative and quantitative data collected from the literature review, 22 personal interviews with experts on the field and web tracking systems. As a principal outcome, this dissertation will provide a theoretical approach in which the brief history of the sharing economy will be argued in detail.
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Historical Sociology of Autism in the Czech Republic
Geisler, Michal ; Maslowski, Nicolas (advisor) ; Bazalová, Barbora (referee) ; Urban, David (referee)
This dissertation focuses on the development of autism in the Czech Republic from an historical-sociological perspective. The study pursues the structural processes related to autism and their impacts on individuals, as well as the roles of various agents in the shaping of these processes. The study utilises the social constructivist approach as well as the standpoints of the interpretative stream of sociology. The concept of autism was introduced in Czechoslovakia in the 1960s. It was understood as a rare psychiatric disorder and was known about by only a few professionals. Until the beginning of the 1990s, autism wasn't recognised in Czechoslovak society. Since the beginning of the 1990s new processes have emerged, resulting in the formation of a paradigm of autism - a new dominant and increasingly recognized system of values, methods, approaches and institutions, all connected to the concept of autism. The category of autism was reconceptualized in the 1990s and has started to be used more widely in Czech society. Based on the concept of autism, new institutions have emerged, such as specialized educational approaches and services, therapeutic methods, social services and NGOs etc. Discourses of autism have also started to form. This paradigm has been crucial for the social history of autism...
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Social change in Moldova (1991-2017) in the social science and political expertise reflection
Matei, Mihaela ; Maslowski, Nicolas (advisor) ; Německý, Marek (referee)
This thesis analyses the interception of the social change in the social science and politically expert literature from a historical perspective of the post-soviet development of the Republic of Moldova. The first chapter introduces the main hypotheses and the research design of the master thesis. The following chapter offers the development of the concept social change in a larger context of the classical and new theories. The aim of the thesis is to find out theories of social change in the Moldovan literature between after 1991. The results of a content analysis will be presented in the third chapter. Finally, the last section of the thesis focuses on suggestions for the further development of this analysis.
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The Pilgrimage to Velehrad and its significance during the Modern Era of Czech History
Valentová, Anežka ; Maslowski, Nicolas (advisor) ; Marková, Alena (referee)
The Pilgrimage to Velehrad and its significance during the Modern Era of Czech History The purpose of my thesis is to introduce pilgrimage as a phenomenon that can expose various discourses; strengthening and framing collective identity and manifesting various interest groups in the foreground of changeable historical contexts. To explain this religious tradition, I am using a concept of so called, 'social drama': Pilgrimage has a cohesive function as well as being a platform for social and political expression. With the help of archival sources, I focus on the pilgrimage to Velehrad in the period between the second half of the 19th Century and the latter period of the 20th. In the era of the Habsburg monarchy, we can see in Velehrad especially, a realization of the official state and church discourse in competition with nationally motivated tendencies for manifestation. During the First Czechoslovak Republic these events are used to present a newly Catholically based national identity under the influence of state and church. In the Communist era interest groups expressed their orientation against the state, but tendencies to manifest the ideology of the regime persisted unerringly in the background.
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Attempt at Democratic Transition in Iran 1997-2000
Koláček, Jakub ; Maslowski, Nicolas (advisor) ; Německý, Marek (referee)
The thesis "Attempt at Democratic Transition in Iran 1997-2000" analyzes the developement of restricted liberalization and democratization, which was started in Iran in Spring 1997 by election of reformist presidential candidate Muhammad Khatami into office. The essay looks on theese events as a result of the longer cultural change which occured in Iran since the 1979 Islamic Revolution and as a consequence of the cleavages which split the Iranian political space into several different streams. The thesis uses a theoretical perspective based on the idea that Iran, in the course of 20th century, constantly evolved in the form of modern national state for which the Islamic revolution was but a regime change, which replaced one authoritarianism for another with a different ideology. Based on this perspective the events after the Khatami election are analyzed in terms of the transitologic theory through which the essay examines the specific dynamcis of political contest between the softliners who push for a democratization of the regime and the hardliners who take pains to preserve the authoritarian practice based on the theory of "The Rule of the Jurisconsult" articulated first by the founder of the Islamic Republic, Ruhollah Khomeini.
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Evangelical network and dissent
Boháčková, Anna ; Maslowski, Nicolas (advisor) ; Bubík, Tomáš (referee)
The thesis "Evangelické sítě a disent" ("Evangelical social networks and dissent") is about interconnection between evangelical people and other people from dissent. There is over represented number of evangelical signatories in Charta 77. I want to show some factors, that could cause this fact. I want to explain the way of involving Protestants in the czech dissent by historical facts from published documents, theory of weak and strong ties ba M. Granovetter, theory of new social movements and testimonies. This testimonies were acquired for the purpose of this thesis. This testimonies would help to show some special phenomenas in the ties between evangelical people and people from dissent and underground. There is part in the thesis, which is dedicated to the degree of civic engagement of evangelical people and the causes of the high degree of civic engagement of evangelical people. And there is part about situation of evangelical parsons and evangelical church itself in the seventies and eighties of the twentieth century.
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The Attitudes of the Witnesses to the Transfer of the Germans from Czechoslovakia after the Second World War
Bělohlavová, Eliška ; Maslowski, Nicolas (advisor) ; Německý, Marek (referee)
This diploma thesis is focused on the attitudes of the witnesses to the transfer of Germans from Czechoslovakia after the second world war (WWII). The aim of the thesis are attitudes of the eye witnesses of the incidents of the WWII and incidents that happened directly after the WWII to this issue, as well as to find out why is this their attitude and if this attitude wasn't possibly changed in passing years. The work consists of a contextual part, where is analyzed relevant literature and where is created a picture of the context of the times before the transfer and the times of the transfer and all this in the light of nationalist phenomenon. The work also contains a research part of a qualitative survey, an empirical survey. The research approach is biographical approach and narative and narative semistructured interviews were chosen as a data collective method. The research as well as its subsequent analysis are based on the methodological literature.
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