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Owerwight and Obesity as a Risk Factor for Cancer and Diabetes
Rožeková, Katarína ; Lustigová, Michala (advisor) ; Kulhánová, Ivana (referee)
The present thesis contains a set of three related articles dealing with the influence of one of the most important risk factors namely overweight (BMI≥25kg/m2 ) and obesity (BMI≥30kg/m2 ) on mortality intensity of selected types of malignant neoplasms and prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes. (I) The first published article analyzed the attributable risk of population death for selected malignant neoplasms in 2016, which could be attributed to excessive BMI in the Czech population from 2008 according to sex. (II) In the second submission, the analysis was expanded, estimating and comparing mortality in the Czech and Slovak populations and between different age categories. The present studies were analyzed using the population attribute fraction (PAF). (III) The aim of the last analysis was to determine the prevalence of diabetes (DM) and pre-diabetes in the Czech population and to assess their risk factors. In their studies, the authors point to the continuing and growing problem of obesity and its consequences across Europe. They thus contribute to a deeper understanding of the long-term risk factor involved and the design of measures for the planning and subsequent implementation of prevention. The present analyzes were also published in "Demography" (I), "Epidemiology, Microbiology,...
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The current epidemiological situation of tuberculosis in Central Bohemian Region
Jedličková, Kateřina ; Lustigová, Michala (advisor) ; Jágrová, Zdeňka (referee)
Tuberculosis (TBC) is an infectious disease with long history, that goes to the beginnings of humanity. Nowadays, TBC is mainly creating socioeconomic issues connected with overpopulation. In 21st century, TBC remains major concern for public health in terms of infectious diseases in European region. Even though the joint efforts of political, economical and health institution are being successful, there is still need for better health care coordination, diagnosis improvement, and help to the endangered groups of people in lower income countries. The aim of this thesis is to assess the epidemiological situation of TBC incidence in the Central Bohemia region in the years from 2008 to 2017 with a special focus on impact of health and socioeconomic risk factor for developing TBC. Research questions concern population structure characteristics of TBC patients, differences between sexes and factors that affect TBC death. Methods of contingence tables, χ2 -test of independence and logistic regression were applied to analyse of the effect of age, comorbidities, and risk behaviour on the development of TBC. It was found that there are differences in age structure of patients with TBC between men and women. The most affected by TBC are men in middle and older age, while women are affected in the oldest age...
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Social Factors and Activities Affecting Cognitive Aging: Analysis of the SHARE Study
Líbal, Miroslav ; Lustigová, Michala (advisor) ; Hnilicová, Helena (referee)
The main concern of this thesis is the influence of social factors and activities on cognitive aging. Using data from the SHARE study, it explaines the status of individuals in the 7th wave of the survey, identified as suffering from severe cognitive impairment, and consequently, those in maximum cognitive fitness using social factors and activities that were constructed based on previous waves of the survey. The main finding is the positive influence of emotional proximity to members of their own social network on cognitive aging. The aim was also to use the paradigm of salutogenesis and try to find differences between the studied groups. Activities that do not in themselves act as protective factors of dementia, but only as cognitive health enhancing factors were found. Keywords: cognitive function, cognitive aging, dementia, epidemiology, SHARE study, lifestyle, salutogenesis
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Fruit and vegetable intake and self-rated health in the Czech republic: the HAPIEE study
Hrežová, Eliška ; Pikhart, Hynek (advisor) ; Lustigová, Michala (referee)
This thesis deals with self-rated health and consumption of fruits and vegetables in the Czech part of the HAPIEE study. The recommended amount of 400 g of fruit and vegetable consumption was met at 49,2% of men and 70,1% of women participating in the study. In the case of a higher 600 g recommendation it was 23,3% men and 42,6% women. The relationship between self-rated health and fruit and vegetable consumption was analyzed using the logistic regression method. Health was better assessed by those who consumed fruits and vegetables in the interval of 258-549g (2nd and 3rd quintiles of fruit and vegetable consumption). Those who consumed less or more fruits and vegetables rated their health worse. There were no differences in the relationship between self-rated health and consumption of fruits and vegetables among the sexes, although men had a higher chance of rating their health as bad than women. Key words: self rated health, fruit and vegetable intake, fruit, vegetable, regression
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Development of mortality from malignant neoplasm of bronchus and lung in the Czech Republic
Hlávko, Petr ; Burcin, Boris (advisor) ; Lustigová, Michala (referee)
Development of mortality from malignant neoplasm of bronchus and lung in the Czech Republic Abstract Malignant neoplasm of bronchus and lung is one of the most common causes of death in the Czech Republic and this diploma thesis aims to evaluate and describe the development of mortality from this disease since the mid-nineties to the present time in the Czech Republic compared to other European countries and on district level. The main goal of this thesis is to analyze the indicators evaluating the structure and intensity of mortality on this common cause of death. The theoretical part describes the selected disease, all the important risk factors, possibilities of prevention, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of the disease. There are some other theoretical concepts described especially the tobacco epidemic, as smoking is without a doubt the most important risk factor for this disease. Throughout the study period, mortality rates have been converging in the Czech Republic and other selected European countries for malignant neoplasm of bronchus and lung by sex when mortality has decreased significantly for men population, while for women it is slightly increasing. Keywords: mortality, cause of death, malignant neoplasm, bronchus, lung, Czech Republic
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Prevalence of mental disorders in the Czech population: age and sex differences
Soldánová, Lucie ; Machů, Vendula (advisor) ; Lustigová, Michala (referee)
Prevalence of mental disorders in the Czech population: age and sex differences Abstract Mental illnesses and addictions to alcohol and drugs are quite huge problem in current society, which are not much discussed and not even solved, even though in Czechia the number of people with mental health problems is increasing. In 2017 in Czechia was made the CZEMS survey, which participated 3306 respondents, who were older than 18 years. Based on these results, there is almost 20 % people diagnosed with mental illness in Czechia. This bachelor thesis is orienting at four selected categories of mental illnesses and addictions, which are mood disorders, anxiety disorders, alcohol and drug dependencies. Men have higher prevalence of addictions, mainly alcohol dependency and drug abuse, which are marihuana, cocaine, different narcotics and inhalants. On the contrary, women have rather more risk to be diagnosed with mental illnesses such as mood disorders and anxiety disorders. The analysis also focuses on exact selected illnesses and dependencies, which are depressions, agoraphobia, social phobia, marijuana addiction and tranquilizers dependency. The target of this bachelor thesis is to analyse and describe with the results of the CZEMS survey, how was prevalence of these mental illnesses and dependencies differenced...
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Breast, cervical and testicular cancer - epidemiology, screening and prevention
Altová, Anna ; Lustigová, Michala (advisor) ; Kulhánová, Ivana (referee)
The main concern of this thesis are breast, cervical and testicular cancer with focus on their epidemiology, screening and prevention. The epidemiological situation in Czechia and selected member states of EU is described by using indicators of incidence and mortality. The first main goal of this thesis is to analyze breast and cervical cancer screening coverage as well as the coverage by regular gynecologist check ups by using data from VZP health insurance company. It has been found that the breast cancer screening coverage rates are influenced by age structure. Cervical cancer screening coverage and gynecologist check-up coverage grow from 2009 to 2017. The other main task was to find out about knowledge of self-examination of Czech young people by using the data from questionnaires from educational programme "Healthy balls". Health knowledge among these students was low. There were found some differences in health behaviour and health literacy between gender and age groups.
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Regional Differences in Healthy Life Expectancy in Czechia
Klicperová, Barbora ; Lustigová, Michala (advisor) ; Otáhalová, Hana (referee)
Regional Differences in Healthy Life Expectancy in Czechia Abstract Over the past decade, the health status of the population has also been measured by Healthy Life Expectancy indicator. This indicator covers not only the quantitative aspect, but it takes into the account also the qualitative aspect of prolonging human life. The main objective of this thesis is to evaluate the differences in healthy life expectancy among the regions of Czechia, both in terms of space and time (2009-2014). The introductory part of the thesis outlines the connections of the origin of the healthy life expectancy indicator and analyses the methods of its construction. The theoretical part of the thesis also includes description of sample surveys. To calculate healthy life years, the Sullivan method is used. Data on health status were obtained from the SILC survey. According to the results of the analysis, there is considerable variability between regions in terms of healthy life expectancy. The difference is significantly higher in terms of healthy life expectancy than in the case of life expectancy. A more detailed analysis of the distribution of the healthy life expectancy values has revealed that there is a certain "paradox" of healthy life expectancy in relation to life expectancy, since there are regions where the high...
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Social deprivation and its impact on successful ageing in Europe - analysis of SHARE data
Zehnálek, Marek ; Lustigová, Michala (advisor) ; Žejglicová, Kristýna (referee)
The changing population age structure suggest a further investigation of the process of ageing and the quality of later life. Among other affairs higher age is associated with high risk of social deprivation. One way to assess quality of later life is concept of successful ageing. This concept emphasizes health of older adults, and comprises their active engagement in the society. This thesis explains phenomenon of ageing process, population ageing, and late life limitations related with health. The objective is to evaluate impacts of social deprivation factors on the successful ageing. The author of the thesis suggests a set of criteria to determine which respondents are considered as those who aged successfully. Among these criteria belongs self- perceived health, symptoms of depression and limitations in daily life activities. Influence of social deprivation factors on successful ageing was investigated by means of statistical analysis. Utilizing data from SHARE survey, relationship between factors of social deprivation and successful ageing was analysed using binary logistic regression. Results reveal significant influence of social deprivation factors on successful ageing in Europe. In addition of these factors differs in Europe and Czechia.
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