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Protected areas, NP Šumava, PLA Český les, ANCOVA, socioeconomic development, border region
Pícha, Zdeněk ; Křenová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Kindlmann, Pavel (referee)
Villages occur in many Czech and central European large protected areas (LPA). Some inhabitants and local politicians occasionally publish, that occurrence of the LPA can inhibit regional development and cause negative demographic and socioeconomic changes in the region. This diploma thesis tests this assumption and studies the effect of existence and establishment of the LPA on socioeconomic parameters of villages and their inhabitants. The case study was conducted in the south-west border region of the Czech Republic, the area of high o ser atio alue. The Šu a a Natio al Park i side of alread e isti g Šu a a Protected La ds ape Area, PLA a d Český les PLA ere esta lished 99 a d 5, respectively. Also Novohradské hory PLA was proposed several times but have not been proofed till now. Statistical analysis (ANCOVA) for selected socioeconomic and demographic parameters of 39 villages and their cadasters were used to study development of the region between years 1991 - 2011. The results found the village size (number of permanent residents living in the village) to be more significant predictor for most of studied parameters than occurrence of the village in/out of the LPA. The results are discussed with results of similar studies conducted in other protected areas. Peripheral character of the border...
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Assessing changes in conditions of the Šumava NP forests managed by the Kašperské Hory Municipality Forests, Ltd.
Hamarčák, Mário ; Křenová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Kindlmann, Pavel (referee)
The utilization of remote sensing in the field of nature conservation and landscape management has recently increased tremendously. Possibility of implementing data obtained by remote sensing in GIS has created an increasingly powerful tool also for appropriate management of protected areas. This thesis focus on the assessment of changes in forest habitats in the Šumava National Park, which are managed by the private owner the Kašperské Hory Municipality Forests, Ltd. comparing orthophotos from the years 2011 and 2015 in the GIS. The changes were evaluated using the methodology proposed in my bachelor thesis "What aerial photographs can reveal about the state of habitats in Šumava National Park?" (2013), to which this work continues. In this case only changes of the Third and fourth category, characterizing active forest operations, were analyzed. Changes were studied both at the level of the NP zonation and at the level of Natura 2000 habitats. The second part of this study is based on field surveys, in which the effects of forestry measures applied in the first and the second zones were investigated. Several parameters were recorded in each study plot, c, but especially the amount of retained woody debris and tree regeneration, the most important parameters of forest ecosystem quality, were...
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Differences in spatial distribution and dynamics of bark beetle (Ips typographus) spreading in extensive windfall areas caused by the hurricane Kyrill in the Šumava NP
Janouchová, Šárka ; Křenová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Kindlmann, Pavel (referee)
Search for the most appropriate forest management in the period of increasing frequency of windstorm and bark beetle outbreaks is a big challenge for foresters and mainly for managers of protected areas. A better knowledge of effectiveness and ecological conseguences of applied methods is necessary for good management of forest ecosystems. The ecology of European spruce bark beetle, natural disturbances occurring in Middle European forests and post-disturbance meausres are reviewed in the first part of this master thesis. Analysis of data about the spatial distribution and dynamics of bark beetle spreading in one of the forest districts of the Šumava National Park and the data about forest regeneration are published in the second part. Own field records together with data from the forest management plan and maps with records of occurrence of the bark beetle infected trees in study area between 2000 and 2006 were used in this study. The significant correlations between occurrence of the bark beetle infected trees and their occurrence in previous years were found. The active management (cutting down and removing of bark beetle infected trees) can't eliminate the bark beetles outbreak. Moreover, the active management causes the fragmentation of canopy and increases the risk of further degradation of...
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Assessment of the state of Natura 2000 locations protecting Dusky and Scarce Large Blue butterflies. Can other endangered species and habitats profit from the protection of these sites?
Glückseligová, Pavla ; Křenová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Kindlmann, Pavel (referee)
Land-use change that took place in the second half of the 20th century affected population sizes and viabilities of many species adapted to extensive land use. Dusky and Scarce large blue butterflies are ones of these species. Both number of their populations and population sizes declined all over Europe. During the last decade, many protected areas of the Natura 2000 network have been established to preserve these butterfly species. Protected areas are managed specifically to support viability of the Maculinea populations. This thesis investigates a current status set of the Natura 2000 sites in southwest Bohemia protecting one or both Maculinea butterfly species. Implementation of the specific management was found to be a crucial factor for successful protection of the Dusky and Scarce large blue butterflies. We found that there are significant differences in managements applied in different locations. Almost half of protected areas are managed in inappropriate ways, their butterfly population sizes were very small or already extinct. Other sites are managed well and stable Maculinea populations live there. An assumption that a specific Maculinea management could also support another rare or endangered species has been tested in this thesis too. All available records (i.e. field inventories,...
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Physical-geographical conditions as determining factor of regional development in the Šumava National park
Janík, Tomáš ; Romportl, Dušan (advisor) ; Křenová, Zdeňka (referee)
Šumava belongs to very important areas in a European scale. It is one of the largest complexes with little disturbed nature and landscape in central Europe. Šumava deserves our attention. With advancing human activities in Šumava National park, it is necessary to evaluate development of Šumava National park. The issue includes many factors and actors who are shaping the landscape of the Šumava National park. I will try describe these influences. Review of natural and socio-economic conditions are basis. Framework of these conditions and development is environmentally-legislative definition of nature conservation in Šumava. The aim of the thesis is review of the theoretical knowledge about physical- geographical and socio-economic conditions and trends. It will be created spatial reference for the evaluation of regional development and landscape typology, included comparative analysis of physical-geographical conditions and socio-economic conditions as one of the bases of regional development in the context of the current nature conservation. It will be evaluated the economic benefits of the NP existence. It will be developed functional classification of the natural landscape based on relevant data, classification of land cover within spatial units of natural background for the area of interest...
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Factors determining germination of rare species
Paulů, Andrea ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Křenová, Zdeňka (referee)
This bachelor's thesis is a literature review about the ecological factors determining germination of rare species of vascular plants. The main aim was to describe the factors affecting germination and methodologies. This study also outlines projects of seed banks, germination ecology and the importance of studying germination. This factors affecting germination will be applied in future on the data germination of rare species which we were given the Krkonoše National Park.
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The influence of environmental factors on abundance of conservation important species in Tetínské skály Nature Reserve
Augustinová, Šárka ; Tichý, Tomáš (advisor) ; Křenová, Zdeňka (referee)
Tetínské skály Nature Reserve is one of the major sites for the presence of protected species, which are Dianthus gratianopolitanus, Saxifraga rosacea subsp. Sponhemica and Saxifraga paniculata. My goal was a field survey and data collection about the incidence of these species on the surfaces of rock walls, followed by identification of key environmental factors and description of their impact on the species. Such survey has not been conduncted so far. I used mainly multivariate analysis, PCA and RDA and One-way ANOVA to determine the interrelationships. The analysis results showed significant differences in species abundances influenced by different combinations of environmental factors. The factors with significant influence include cardinal direction. The highest proportion of species abundances showed areas of eastern orientation. Another important factor was shading from vegetation, which proved to have strong negative impact on abundace, especially for species S.rosacea subsp. sponhemica and D. gratianopolitanus. These two variables indicate a preference for sunny areas. Other factors with a significant influence on the occurrence of species are also a presence of soil surface rock wall and a presence of gardens in the area over the rock wall, which greatly increased the proportion of...
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What aerial photographs can reveal about the state of habitats in Šumava National Park?
Hamarčák, Mário ; Křenová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Kindlmann, Pavel (referee)
The utilization of remote sensing in the field of nature conservation and landscape management has recently increased tremendously. Possibility of implementing data obtained by remote sensing in GIS has created an increasingly powerful tool also for appropriate management of protected areas. This bachelor thesis delivers a brief overview of remote sensing methods, projects that use these applications and the possibility of their application in practice. Also examples of research activities in the field of remote sensing aimed primarily at protecting and monitoring the state of forests are presented. Finally, a draft methodology for the analysis of changes in habitat qualities in the area of interest, the Šumava National Park, is proposed. Keywords: Habitats, Management of protected areas, Habitats for Natura 2000, GIS, Aerial photographs, Remote sensing
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Zonation of NP as an important tool of nature conservation: consequences of fragmentation of zonatio in Šumava NP
Křenová, Zdeňka
The Šumava NP zonation has been debated since the very establishment of the National park and refl ects the views and opinions on nature conservation principles among various groups of experts. Th e fi rst zonation developed in 1991 fully respected the original intention of the goals of the National park, i.e. leaving space for spontaneous processes in nature. In 1995, the zonation was dramatically changed, because the NP’s senior managers supported the opinion that a European Spruce Bark Beetle (Ips typographus) outbreak can be reduced only by forest management measures, i.e. by extensive felling. Th us, only 13 % of the NP’s territory was within the Zone I and was fragmented into 135 patches, which was strongly criticized by experts. Th e necessity to adopt the new zonation graduated aft er the hurricane Kyrill in 2007, when large parts of fragmented forests were destroyed by wind. A new proposal for delineating the Zone I is based on botanical, forest management and zoological criteria, carefully assessing the NP’s values. Th e proposed Zone I covers 39.2 % of the NP territory and is distributed into 10 units. Th e proposal was delivered as a background for a working group draft ing a New Act on Šumava NP on behalf of the Ministry of the Environment of the Czech Republic. Good zonation of NPs is concluded to be an important tool of nature conservation but respect for legislation, international NP principles, and current scientifi c knowledge should be the main rule for responsible decision making in protected areas and biodiversity conservation.
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