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Essence of status quo over Taiwan from the perspective of the deterrence theory
Válek, Matěj ; Karásek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Ludvík, Jan (referee)
This master's degree thesis deals with status quo of Taiwan through the scope of deterrence theory. Although China has claimed island as its integral part and that it must be reunited with mainland China Taiwan is still de facto independent state. Important factor of China-Taiwan relations is US long-term security commitment to the island which creates deterrence triad in which the United States deters China from coercive solution of the Taiwan issue. Through the engagement of basic assumptions of deterrence theory and its modalities including conventional deterrence theory and concept of strategic ambiguity I try to theoretically evaluate US deterrence credibility. According to theory and its modalities the deterrence is credible only when the US is perceived as resolved to execute the threat; when defending Taiwan is perceived as US vital interest; and when the US possesses sufficient capabilities for executing the threat. Based on analysis I claim that the US deterrence of China from attacking Taiwan needs to be considered as credible. However, due to Chinese military modernization and development of new military technologies the US deterrence credibility concerning Taiwan is at stake. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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The Logic of Nuclear Strategy Explaining Small Nuclear Arsenals
Ludvík, Jan ; Hynek, Nikola (advisor) ; Eichler, Jan (referee) ; Sokov, Nikolai N. (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Social Sciences Institute of Political Studies Jan Ludvik The Logic of Nuclear Strategy Explaining Small Nuclear Arsenals Ph.D. Thesis Prague 2014 ABSTRACT At this thesis I am trying to address two critical questions: i) how does deterrence work between a country with a small nuclear arsenal and a more powerful challenger? and ii) what makes it work? My research is inspired by the method of historical comparative case studies and aims at repairing several biases in the state of the art deterrence literature, most importantly the empirically unwarranted analytical primacy of nuclear deterrence. Drawing from available theoretical literature, the broadest possible range of theoretically underpinned plausible factors is included in the analysis to grasp the complexity of deterrence relations the way nuclear and conventional deterrence interact with non-military factors in the dyads between a state with a small nuclear arsenal and its more powerful enemy. Military aspects of deterrence, both nuclear and conventional, are part of the comparison together with various perceptional factors, international circumstances, domestic politics, and norms. Five cases anchor the comparison in empirical reality covering the history of hostile relations between the United States and...
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UAVs as a tool in the fight against Al-Qaeda in the context of the U.S. strategic culture: Discourse analysis
Koleják, Martin ; Ludvík, Jan (advisor) ; Hynek, Nikola (referee)
The phenomenon of strategic culture and its influence on the state behaviour has penetrated the theories of international relations only recently. The same stands for unmanned aerial vehicles. The aim of this thesis is to examine how does the United States deploy their UAVs to fight Al-Qaeda in its save heavens located in Pakistan, Yemen and Somalia. To be specific my intention is to determine what does in this sense the behavior of Obama's administration mean in the context of the U.S. strategic culture. The main research tools utilized in this thesis are discourse analysis and Colin Gray's model of strategic culture. In the public discourse consisting of speeches and comments made by political and military representatives I have identified all the four strategic culture variables set out in the theoretical part of the work. Moreover, the public discourse around drone deployment contains several intriguing metaphors and symbols. Furthermore, the contribution of this work is that it deals with the issue of UAV deployment within the scope of strategic culture. Keywords UAV; drones; strategic culture; Colin Gray; Alastair Johnston; Barack Obama; Al- Qaeda
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Motives of Iran's nuclear prolifeartion
Stanovská, Kateřina ; Střítecký, Vít (advisor) ; Ludvík, Jan (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the issue of nuclear proliferation, specifically the motives of Iran's nuclear program. Given the unprecedented destructive potential of nuclear weapons, the international community has been trying to influence the course of Iran's nuclear policy for three decades. Unfortunately, their success has been limited. The aim of this work is to identify proliferation motives of Iran and to outline some of the steps that could be taken to minimize them. A basic theoretical framework was chosen, the conceptualization of Scott Sagan who categorizes the motives into three main groups - domestic, security and normative. However, because these models lack a clear identification of variables, the framework has been supplemented by specific indicators taken from the Stephen Meyer's concept. The work is instrumental case study, whose conclusion confirms the assumption that the realistic approach to the proliferation of nuclear weapons does not explain the overall structure of the motivation of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
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Comparative Analysis of Private Security Companies in the Czech Republic and Slovakia 1993-2012
Doskočilová, Veronika ; Bureš, Oldřich (advisor) ; Ludvík, Jan (referee)
The diploma thesis practically and theoretically deals with the concept - privatization of security. The aim of the practical part is to compare the conception of private security companies in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The comparison focuses on the factual data (number of PSC, employees, police forces, the amount of wages, the turnover), state regulation and mutual relation of public and private security providers. The findings of the practical part are applied to the theoretical concept of Rita Abrahamsen and Michael Williams - Theory of Security Assemblages. It is based on the claim that the privatization of security is part of a broader process of partial dismantling of the state and at the same time emerging "global assembly, which brings together national and global structures. The privatization of security is enshrined in both the social and the legal environment, and therefore the state itself can participate on its own dismantling by its acting. This is the case of the Czech Republic due to the absence of PSC's regulation, control mechanisms, minimum requirements for skilled employees PSC and the non-definition of the relationship between public and private security sector. It results in weakening the role of the Czech Republic as a guarantor of security. The aforementioned inaction...
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Why do States build Nuclear Weapons? Application of Sagan's Theoretical Models on the Case of Israel
Čermáková, Kamila ; Hynek, Nikola (advisor) ; Ludvík, Jan (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the historical development of the Israeli nuclear program and examines motives which led either to the decision to acquire nuclear weapons or to further develop Israeli nuclear arsenal. Indentified motives are compared with the theory by Scott Sagan who proposed three 'models in search of the bomb'. Security Model sees the effect of nuclear weapons on state security as the motivation, the Domestic Politics Model considers nuclear weapons to be a tool for gaining political profit and the Norms Model emphasizes their symbolic value. My proposition is that other than abovementioned motives, or more motives from different models might be found. Such a result would pose a challenge to Sagan's theory, and could be used a basis for further research. To define independent variables, which are the motives in my case, the method of process tracing is used. I identify critical moments which led to changes in the direction of the program, and define motives on their basis. In the thesis, I further deal with the policy of strategic ambiguity, which consists in complete non-acknowledgement of Israel's nuclear status and enabled Israel to reduce negative effects of the region's nuclearization.
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What is the impact of reform changes in resources and powers over the years 2005-2011on the efficiency of the Police of the Czech Republic ?
Měska, Pavel ; Ludvík, Jan (advisor) ; Krulík, Oldřich (referee)
This diploma thesis explores the efficiency of the Czech police in 2005-2012 to evaluate the impact of the reform changes that took place from 2007 to 2009. The aim is to answer to the question, whether the Police of the Czech Republic, is working more efficiently after this reform. The research method was inspired by the concept of efficiency in the organization by Skogan. The study was conducted by comparing the inputs and outputs of the organization when inputs were identified as sources and changes in legislation and outputs as detection rate of six types of crime. Identification of the reform changes and their impact was conducted on the basis of qualitative research among police officers. Data were collected during eleven semi-structured expert interviews with police officers. These interviews approached important reform changes. The research took into account the respondents' individual opinions about the reform changes and most important changes which affect policing were identified. Using the aforementioned method it reveals that in general police works more effectively after reform. However, the research also shows that detection rate of economic crime, crime related to traffic accidents and other crime had slight downward trend for the period after the reform. In absolute numbers, the...
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Position of Airpower in Contemporary Strategy
Černý, Tomáš ; Střítecký, Vít (advisor) ; Ludvík, Jan (referee)
This thesis deals with the current role of airpower in contemporary warfare. In last 100 years, the aircraft became an indisputable part of today's armed conflict. The aim of this work is to determine the mechanics behind airpower's functions in conflicts and to critically assess airpower's performance. The analyzed conflicts - Persian Gulf 1991, Kosovo 1999, Afghanistan 2001 and U. S.-led counterinsurgency campaigns in Iraq and Afghanistan - provide the diversity that is needed to reveal the position of airpower in contemporary strategy. The thesis is divided in three parts. The first part follows the evolution of airpower and its theory, providing context to further analysis of contemporary environment. The second part of the thesis identifies key theoretical concepts and modalities connected to airpower and analysis them on a general, theoretical basis. The third part of this thesis applies the concepts and modalities on the picked case studies in order to reach the suggested objectives by analyzing the conflicts and deriving empirical data. The conclusions of the thesis suggest that while slightly exaggerated, airpower grew to vital importance and became one of the key elements in today's conflicts.
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The robotization of US armed forces between the years 2000-2011 and its perspectives untill 2020
Kudrec, Martin ; Střítecký, Vít (advisor) ; Ludvík, Jan (referee)
This thesis analyzes the development of US armed forces robotization in the last decade as well as its perspectives in the current one. It analyzes the dynamics and main trends as well as quantitative and qualititive direction of this development. This analysis is based on and makes use of conceptual and notational framework of post-structural virtual theory of security proposed by Der Derian. The first part of the thesis provides theoretical and conceptual background and introduces the topic. It also deals with basic technological trends which influence the later update operationalization of the technologically-based theoretical framework and time framework of the thesis itself. The second part of the thesis addresses the very analysis of the US armed forces robotization based on the first part. The main aim of the thesis is to point out the development dynamics of the US armed forces robotization as a trend, as the thesis begins with the analyzing of the implementation of the first modern partially semi-autonomous robots in american equipment and ends with the analysis of plans for massive introduction of highly-autonomous, self-learning robotic systems and systems of systems with partial social, "ethical" and "moral" parameters. The last section of the thesis also addresses the basic security and...
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Rupture of the Security Policy of France under the Leadership of Nicolas Sarkozy? Comparative Analysis of Participation in Conflicts with the EU and NATO Presence
Zachar, Marián ; Karásek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Ludvík, Jan (referee)
Bachelor thesis Rupture of the Security Policy of France under the Leadership of Nicolas Sarkozy? Comparative Analysis of Participation in Conflicts with the EU and NATO Presence Marián Zachar Abstract Bachelor thesis "Rupture of the Security Policy of France under the Leadership of Nicolas Sarkozy? Comparative Analysis of Participation in Conflicts with the EU and NATO Presence" evaluates whether the arrival of President Nicolas Sarkozy marked the break or the so called rupture in the French security policy. The first chapter focuses on the historical background of the French foreign and security policy, especially during the presidency of Jacques Chirac and Nicolas Sarkozy. Their priorities identified in the Defense White Papers and their institutional relations within the EU and NATO were further developed in the following chapters, where approach of both presidents to missions led by NATO and the EU was analyzed. The second chapter consists of the analysis of the Artemis mission in Congo and EUFOR in Chad. Both presidents were involved in these missions them and tried to push the defense cooperation at European level to the next stage, but each one for different reasons - Chirac wanted to balance the influence of NATO in Europe and Sarkozy wanted to embrace both international organizations to improve...
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