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Size of tax rates in relation to the tax revenue
Frey, Marek ; Vokoun, Marek (advisor) ; Vebrová, Ludmila (referee)
This thesis examines the question of adjusting the size of tax rates in relation to the tax revenue on a sample of EU countries and on the example of the Czech Republic. Research is hold thanks to the Eurostat statistics related to the reporting on the implicit tax rates of capital, labour and consumption allowing us for an international comparison for the period from 1995 to 2008. Thanks to the Components of total tax revenue growth analysis and Regression analysis of tax revenue we shed some light on investigation of current understanding and interpretation of the issues of taxation, tax competition within the EU and the avoidance of excise taxes, taxes on labour and capital. Our results suggest that there are Laffer curves with decreasing returns to scale in case of excise taxes, taxes on capital. In case of labour taxes there seems to be complicated relationship, however, in one of the models traditional-like curve were introduced. If we change the tax rates on capital we can most probably expect decreased tax return between two years but further investigation to this issue is needed.
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Active employment policy in Prague East district in the years 2000 – 2010
Žilík, Lukáš ; Vokoun, Marek (advisor) ; Holasová, Vladimíra (referee)
This thesis studies the question of the efficiency of Active Employment Policy (AEP) in Prague -- East district. Spending on social policy increases there strongly; however as shows this thesis, the labour market situation hasn't been improving in some of the labour indicators since the year 2000. Analysis utilizes statistics of Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs together with the data provided by the district labour office Prague -- East. The AEP efficiency analysis is performed by a simple comparisons and ratings of particular instruments, expenses associated with them, and eventually using the regression model. Conclusions about AEP are based on the knowledge and context obtained from the socio-economic analysis that focused primarily on the labour market, which enable us to more accurate targeting tools for risk groups in the region Prague -- East district. The work also contributes to the discussion about social insurance alternatives currently provided by state, but the main aim is to provide recommendations for the regional employment office, which instrument and how much money spent is the most effective AEP tool in the fight against unemployment. The results confirm the relationship between expenditures on active employment policy and unemployment, and also confirmed the fact that the effects are diverse. These effects of AEP expenditures are affected by concept of time (lagged vs. current) and by particular AEP tool. As the most effective investment of resources (AEP tool) in the Prague -- East district labour office appears to be support for retraining, which positively affects the unemployment rate in normal and delayed period.
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Czech Airlines and the aviation market
Šubrtová, Kateřina ; Vokoun, Marek (advisor) ; Říhová, Vladimíra (referee)
In this thesis I am trying to solve a problem with aviation and the national carrier Czech Airlines. The aim of this paper is to provide a market analysis in the field of air transport with a focus on European companies. Air transport is an important part of national economies, but in these times a lot of national carriers are facing many problems. Czech Airlines as a government owned company is not an exception and it has found it necessary to enact restructuring actions. The theoretical part provides information about aviation history, types of airlines, and alliances in aviation, regulation and deregulation in air transport. The practical part then provides with regression analysis an evaluation of the knowledge from the theoretical part and shows how individual parameters of airlines influence labour productivity. Across the models there are decreasing returns of labour and increasing returns of capital. The models show the inappropriateness of state ownership, the benefit of membership in airline alliances and the effectiveness of low cost airlines.
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Economic impact of mega-sport events and effective ratio of theirs funding
Micenko, Matej ; Vokoun, Marek (advisor) ; Šmíd, Jan (referee)
Economic impact of mega-sport events is case of many discussions. Aim of this bachelor thesis is to analyze economic impact of mega-sport events and try to recommend effective rate of financing them. Introduction to the issue of mega-sport events would be done through analyzing historical forces and political motivation through theirs statements about such an events and investigating numerous impact studies of already hosted events. This will lead to possibility of researching London 2012 Olympics and comparing its ex ante cost-benefit analysis with previous studies. Analytical section also deals with FIFA World Cup 1998 in France and its economic impact. Information found throughout the thesis indicate that important subjects for impact of mega sport events are time period and place of hosting, economic development of country, size of public sector and last but not least individual character of an event. Existence of some general proper rate of financing mega sport events is rather unlikely.
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The Analysis of Hungarian Indebtedness after 1989
Kudláček, Jan ; Petrášek, František (advisor) ; Vokoun, Marek (referee)
Hungary has struggled with budget problems throughout its post-socialist history. With knowledge of economic theory it is possible to analyze the evolution of Hungary's debt after 1989 and thus deduce its weaknesses. Populism and fiscal irresponsibility have characterized majority of Hungarian governments to some extent. Hence, the key to understanding the debt of Hungary may be found on the political level of budgetary policy. With regard to the economic situation, Hungary was forced to implement significant cost-saving measures in recent years. These measures are evaluated at the end of the work. They can be crucial not only in terms of the budgetary situation but also with respect to the perspective on the future economic development and competitiveness of the entire economy.
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EUROPEAN EMPLOYMENT POLICY AND ITS EFFECTS ON THE LABOR MARKET IN THE REGION OF NACHOD
Novák, Radek ; Kotýnková, Magdalena (advisor) ; Vokoun, Marek (referee)
Unemployment has begun to be considered as a European problem since the early nineties, when a coordination of activities in the social field at the EU-level has also gradually started. Since that time, spending on the social policy from the EU budget has been constantly rising, but, as shown in this thesis, the situation on the European labour market has not been significantly improved. This is illustrated also by the fact that any from the EU employment targets from the Lisbon strategy has not been until now met. The most important instrument of the EU-Employment policy is the European Social Fund (ESF). Because its expenditures on the Czech Employment policy are constantly increasing, it is necessary to ask whether it improves a condition of a labour market. Moreover, if nowadays contributions from the ESF represent the majority of expenditure on the Czech active labour market policy (ALMP) carried out by particular labour offices. Analytic part of this thesis focuses on the evaluation of the ALMP, which is financed from the Czech state budget as well as from the ESF and which is implemented by the particular labour office - in the region of Nachod. According to a similar analyses, programmes of a subsidised employment shows the highest effectiveness also in the district of Nachod, while direct job creation schemes and retraining courses contribute to reducing unemployment only to a limited extent.
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Balancing of the regional disparities in Czech Republic pursuant to European structural funds
Krčmař, Jan ; Zemplinerová, Alena (advisor) ; Vokoun, Marek (referee)
The work deals with allocations of financial resources redistributing by European Union Structural funds for the running program period 2007-2013. The theoretical part describes all funds in Czech Republic, creation of application and confirmation of the application. It tries to find the mistakes, which the applicants often do and it indicates, what is the best way to prevent them. The main thesis of Structural funds is balancing economical differences particulars regions. The work describes particular allocations for NUTS II regions and their actual level of money ran out. To adjust a difference between particular regions, the poorest region should get the most of financial resources. Conclusion of the work describes, the financial resources do not redistribute in a way to minimize the economic differences between the regions, and conversely it tends to their bigger differences.
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The position of Czech Post in the market for postal and courier services
Jermanová, Alena ; Vokoun, Marek (advisor) ; Vebrová, Ludmila (referee)
Following bachelor thesis brings general overview of Česká pošta, public enterprise. Česká pošta - the state-owned enterprise and the biggest employer in the Czech republic has a very specific standing in the postal and courier service market. In the first part of the thesis, market structure characterisitics are explained in order to continue with comparing Česká pošta to its competitors, considering concrete market data. The second (practical) part of the thesis analysis the productivity and revenues of postal sector and demonstrates the dominant standing of the public enterprise. The result prooves following statement: "When the revenues of the whole postal sector increase by 1 per cent, revenues of Česká pošta itself increase revenues of its competitors by 4,86 %. The thesis also compares conditions of postal market liberalisation in the Czech republic to those in other European countries, where the liberalisation was already finished. You can also find there statements of both - supporters as well as opponents of liberalisation process.
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Application of Public Choice Theory to the Olympic Games in Prague
Mutl, Lukáš ; Gráf, Václav (advisor) ; Vokoun, Marek (referee)
Prague competed for holding of the Olympic Games for year 2016, but it did not manage to get to the candidate selection of cities and ended only between applicants. Objective of the work is to apply the public choice theory to holding of the Olympics in Prague, focusing on the interest groups theory. Public choice theory and theory of the interest groups is explained at first. Following part of the work is dedicated to those interest groups which made a profit on mere candidacy and which groups would gain from competition. This work also solves all of the consequences of holding and answeres to the question, why try to compete for Olympic Games.
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Innovation and Bussines sector in the Czech Republic
Vokoun, Marek ; Zemplinerová, Alena (advisor) ; Drahotský, Daniel (referee)
My investigations based on wide cross-section analysis of 5128 firms in Czech Republic (1998-2006) present some evidence of their behaviour in field of innovations. Business sector relationship to technological change is characterized by following findings (ceteris paribus): 1) Size of a firm (given by capital, employees and total sales) has ambiguous relation to total number of R&D workers. 2) There is negative relationship between concentration and number of R&D workers. 3) Competition is positively associated with intensive using of intellectual property rights (given by intangible assets). 4) Benefits of in-house R&D that is represented by total number of R&D workers come with multiplicative relation towards total sales. 5) Companies owned by foreigners substantially contribute to total R&D activity in Czech Republic and there is some evidence of technological transfer.
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