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The effectiveness of dietary supplements for athletes
Papanikolaou, Stefan ; Vilikus, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Tuka, Vladimír (referee)
This thesis is dealing with supplements specifically the ones for athletes. To make the selection as useful as possible, I basically chose the supplements according to the sales in sport centers. On these foundations, I made the decision which supplements to research. The next step was to find out the real efficiency of these supplements and if the dosage is set properly. To do so I went through existing science papers, meta-analysis when available, and I made a conclusion. The aim of the conclusion was to say if each of the supplements is useful and for whom. Most of the supplements shown to be beneficial, though some of them needed correction in labeling. Concretely the advertised effects and the dosage needed to be refined. But some of the supplements shown as unadvisable at all. An often issue was that the supplements are useful only for specific use - for specific athletes, or under specific conditions. This was not clearly stated by the producers. And so, some of the supplements will not be beneficial in ways athletes may expect. This thesis is more of a review essay, but in the end, there is a simple tutorial. keywords: active ingredients, sport, sport performance, sport supplements, supplements
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Sleep apnea of obese people
Kročová, Radka ; Tuka, Vladimír (advisor) ; Vilikus, Zdeněk (referee)
The most important cause of obstructive sleep apnea is obesity leading to excessive fat storage in the soft palate, tongue and oropharyngeal area. This condition results in the collapsibility of the airways, resulting in suspension of breathing (= apnea). The main task of this work in its theoretical section is to describe the relationship between obesity and breathing disorders. The purpose of the practical part is to show the characteristic symptoms of sleep apnea syndrome, to determine eating habits and learn about the lifestyle of patients who are diagnosed with sleep apnea syndrome. To obtain the data for this work a quantitative method of research was used in form of written guided interviews. The questionnaire was completed by 20 respondents. The results showed that all respondents face typical symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea. It was also obvious that all participants in the survey suffer from higher degree of obesity. Even though the result is not supported by the facts relating to the consumption of various food commodities, body mass index clearly shows obesity. Because of irrelevant results based on answers regarding the consumption of individual food elements, proper patient education is crucial. Keywords: respiratory disorders, obesity, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, eating...
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The knowledge of patients with coronary artery disease on the importance of nutrition and lifestyle.
Lukešová, Vlasta ; Tuka, Vladimír (advisor) ; Šnejdrlová, Michaela (referee)
Coronary artery disease is the most common cause of premature death, not only in our country but worldwide. The purpose of this thesis is to determine the habits of patients with this serious disease, the impact of education on their knowledge needed to change their current lifestyle and diet, success and possible barriers in putting these changes into practice. The easiest approach and conditions to the education in a physical activity area, lifestyle changes and nutrition have those patients with indicated spa treatment. For these reasons the research was carried out among patients treated in the spa Poděbrady through three consecutive surveys: in the beginning, at the end and three months after the end of the spa cure. The responses were carefully analysed. 45 patients with coronary artery disease and 22 patients after valvular disease surgery were involved in this study as a control group. With the further progress of the research the interest of patients and the response rate declined. Hazardous behaviour like smoking, lack of physical activity, increased salt intake, excessive energy intake of the patients with coronary artery disease was confirmed by this study. The study uncovered the lack of patients' interest in education resulting is low knowledge level of lifestyle and healthy diet...
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The Efficiency of Chondroitin suphate, Glucosamine and other supplements of joint nutrition to the articular and musculoskeletal system in the world literature.
Pokorná, Kateřina ; Vilikus, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Tuka, Vladimír (referee)
Title The efficiency of Chondroitin sulphate, Glucosamine and other supplements of joint nutrition to the articular and musculoskeletal system in the world literature The aim of the work The aim of thesis is to assess the efficacy of glucosamine, chondroitin sulphate, hyaluronic acid and diacerein to the structure of joints with joint disease, especially osteoarthritis, according to world literature. Methodology Bachelor thesis is conceived as review of the world literature on the topic. The main method of the work was compilation meta-analysis based on an analysis of numerous quality publications and world scientific literature focused on the topic of bachelor thesis. Electronic databases EBSCO and PubMed and Internet search engine Google Scholar were used as resources for search. Results It found several high-quality studies concerning the influence of drugs of SYSADOA group on the structure of joints. Generally, drugs of this group may have some influence not only to symptoms accompanying osteoarthritis, but also the structure of joint tissues. However, some studies refute this claim. Therefore, it is necessary perform further extensive studies. The correlation between the stage of disease of the patient and the effectiveness of the individual active substances was found. Patients with moderate...
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The readiness of patients after acute coronary syndrome for a change in living habits
Šírová, Lucie ; Tuka, Vladimír (advisor) ; Vilikus, Zdeněk (referee)
Acute coronary syndrome as a manifestation of ischemic heart disease is one of the most frequent causes of mortality. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to determine the knowledge of patients after experiencing acute coronary syndrome regarding proper lifestyle changes, and especially to establish their motivation to implement these changes. The research compared respondents who experienced acute coronary syndrome during the previous year and also those who suffered from the syndrome more than a year before the research. A quantitative method of research in the form of anonymous questionnaires was used to collect the data. There were 31 respondents who participated in the survey. The outcome showed that respondents who experienced acute coronary syndrome during the previous year knew less about proper lifestyle changes, yet they had greater motivation to implement these changes than the respondents who suffered from the syndrome more than a year before the research. The results reveal that it is necessary to engage in education regarding proper changes as well as in motivation at the same time. Since both these aspects are very important for the implementation of lifestyle changes, it is desirable for the respondents to be both motivated and properly educated. Keywords: atherosclerosis, acute...
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Nutritional indicators of competitive and profesional cross-country skiers
Wűrzová, Anna ; Vilikus, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Tuka, Vladimír (referee)
This bachelor thesis is focused on nutrition indicators for competitive and profesional cross-country skiers. The main aim of the thesis is to describe the importance of the sports nutrition for endurance athletes and to compare different diets for two differently capable groups of cross-country skiers. The thesis is divided into two parts. The theoretical part comprises information about the physiology of cross-country skiing, in particular the important function of metabolism and morphological characterization of the cross-country skier. Furthermore, it describes specific requirements of the endurance athlete on a diet, individual macronutrients and micronutrients and describes proper diet supplements for endurance sport. The practical part summarizes results received on the basis of evaluation of the questionnaires about the characterization of the training and respondent's four-days-menus. The research data collection involved eight profesional and eight competitive cross-country skiers from the age 20 to 32. It was established that the profesional cross-country skiers have higher training capacity and therefore higher expenditure of energy than competitive cross- country skiers. The sportsmen's menu evaluation referred to the diet differences between both groups. The recommended energy intake...
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Monitoring of blood glucose levels during training in response to a specific caloric intake before training unit
Bohnerová, Beáta ; Matoulek, Martin (advisor) ; Tuka, Vladimír (referee)
Introduction: This bachelor's thesis focuses on the compensation of type 1 diabetes during and after physical activity. It is important to understand the effect of insulin, be familiar with food's glycemic index or glycemic load and primarily perform selfmonitoring, in order to prevent hypoglycemia. Object: The aim of this study is to find out, how physical activity affects glucose level and insulin consumption, find out whether athletes with 1 type DM can correctly estimate insulin dosage and glucose income before and during and after physical activity. Methods : Obtained information were arranged in case interpretation in tables for three patients with 1 DM, each table describes day's course of patients, information of glucose levels, insulin dosage, calorie intake and type of physical activity. Results: Patients with 1 type diabetes are aware of the need to adjust insulin dose before exercise, but they aren't certain, how to achieve it correctly .Taking too much insulin effectively causes hypoglycemia, one patient had 4 hypoglycemia in one day. Conclusion: Sometime it is very difficult to recognize hypoglycemia during exercise, but it is important to prevent hypoglycemia and its complications. Keywords: 1 type diabetes, diabetes and physical activity, hypoglycemia during and after exercise,...
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Dietary habits of patients with acute coronary syndrome
Vlčková, Veronika ; Tuka, Vladimír (advisor) ; Matoulek, Martin (referee)
This work focuses on eating habits of patients with acute coronary syndromes. It is divided in two parts. The first deals with atherosclerosis and its risk factors and with acute coronary syndromes, their diagnosis and treatment. At the end of the first part, the cardiovascular risk assessment and healthy lifestyle are discussed. Original data are presented in the second part. I have compared the eating habits of patients with acute coronary syndromes with a control group of healthy people. The preferences of different types of food and their amount consumed weekly are reported. I have also compared basic antropometric data, the amount of regular physical activity and smoking habits. The questionnaires were filled with 19 patients and 30 healthy controls. Key words: Acute coronary syndromes, Atherosclerosis, Risk factors, Eating habits, Physical activity
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Feeding artery of vascular accesses for hemodialysis: model of arterial adaptation to high blood flow
Tuka, Vladimír ; Malík, Jan (advisor) ; Vízek, Martin (referee) ; Zicha, Josef (referee)
Background: Arteries adapt their diameter to changing haemodynamic conditions to maintain constant wall shear stress, the force generated by flowing blood on endothelial cells. The feeding artery of haemodialysis vascular accesses is a human model of arterial adaptation to chronically high blood flow and thus to high wall shear stress. The process of arterial adaptation is endothelium dependent. Endothelial dysfunction related to End-Stage Renal Failure, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia may impair also the dilatation of the feeding artery of vascular accesses. First the review of the literature presents in three parts different aspects of arterial adaptation: 1) arterial adaptation with focusing on the role of haemodynamic factors, 2) the influence of end-stage renal disease on arterial adaptation, 3) feeding artery of vascular accesses as a model of arterial response to chronic increase in blood flow. Methods: We examined the feeding artery of radial and brachial polytetrafluoroethylene grafts shortly after and one and two years after access creation. We used duplex ultrasonography to obtain internal diameter and blood velocity in the feeding arteries. We calculated wall shear rate as 4 x blood velocity / internal diameter and used it as approximation of wall shear stress. Results: In the first study we...
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