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3D Pathfinding -- Searching Path in a Building
Macek, Ján ; Rozman, Jaroslav (referee) ; Samek, Jan (advisor)
The subject of this thesis is the description of the algorithms used for searching in the state space and the subsequent implementation of a searching path for the building. The first part of the thesis is devoted to methods for area description. The next chapter explains the methods of pathfinding in space. The third part of the paper describes the implementation of an application. In conclusion, are the results of testing and their assessment.
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The applicability of methods that are based on the employment of composite indicators in assessing sustainable development and quality of life
Petkovová, Ludmila ; Fischer, Jakub (advisor) ; Macek, Jan (referee) ; Čadil, Jan (referee)
The main objective of this thesis is to assess the applicability of methods that are based on the employment of composite indicators when evaluating the 'sustainable development' and 'quality of live' indexes. The first issue observed in here is whether the composite indicators as such even represent a suitable tool for assessing the above mentioned area of analysis; if the answer is yes, then, secondly, under which conditions the composite indicators may be applied in the context of our analysis. After answering the questions above, it is crucial to find suitable methods for the particular steps of constructing the composite indicator for the sustainable development and quality of life categories, whereby it is also necessary to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages resulting from the application of the selected composite indicators for the purposes of the respective analysis. Within this thesis, the comparison of individual methods of constructing the indicators was performed by means of applying the individual indicators on the established set of data, as well as a subsequent comparison of results and the assessment of strengths and weaknesses of the individual methods has been done with respect to the factual side of the particular composite indicators (i.e. with respect to the sustainable development and quality of life in our case). Various composite indicators for the quality of life and sustainable development have already been established; the necessity of composing additional composite indicators for the above mentioned categories reflects the problematic nature of finding a suitable tool that would be generally accepted in this case. This thesis provides for relevant conclusions and recommendations that should contribute to establish a suitable approach towards the construction of composite indicators for the sustainable development and quality of life assessment. Furthermore, the thesis provides for the comparison of methods as employed in practical construction of composite indicators in our context with methods based on a professional theory. The professional theory/literature addresses and recommends certain methods for the construction of composite indicators in the relevant context, however, these methods are typically not applied in the practical construction of the most frequently/commonly used composite indicators for measuring the sustainable development and quality of life. The critical aspects that have been observed within comparison of the individual methods are transparency of calculation, interpretability of results, robustness of the composite indicator closely linked to the nature and character of the data, and the level of applicable compensation of the individual parameters within the respective indicator that is allowed by the particular aggregation mechanism employed. The thesis concludes on a rather questionable use of composite indicators in case of assessing the sustainable development, whereby deduces on recommending the application of composite indicators only in case of assessing the quality of life, which may also be understood as a part (sub-item) of the sustainable development and which is easier to be quantitatively expressed. In parallel, the circumstances of the quality of life are better to be compared across various items, e.g. regions. The results indicate that it is not possible to establish a uniform recommendation when selecting the most suitable method; in case of every construction of the particular composite indicator it is necessary to take into account the strengths and weaknesses of all the considered methods. At the same time, the results lead to consideration of relevancy of conclusions resulting from the evaluation of quality of life by means of composite indicators, especially by means of a single number.
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Why Should a Value Added Tax Increase Prices of Consumption Goods?
Macek, Jan ; Potužák, Pavel (advisor) ; Janíčko, Martin (referee)
In my bachelor thesis, I present the view of modern mainstream economics on price formation and effect of taxes on price level. Then, I contrast this view with the theory of Austrian school of economics. While the mainstream economic theory assumes certain fraction of the VAT-rate to be passed forward immediately, that action does not have support in the Austrian theory of price formation. According to Austrian economists, passing the costs of taxation forward takes time. The prices of consumption goods rise because of lower quantity supplied, which is caused by lower demand for factors of production. The thesis hypothesis is proven correct by econometric model estimating a statistically significant rise in aggregate price level as a result of VAT-rate rise. Assumption of statistically significant rise in price level in a month before the VAT-rate rise was not proven correct.
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Price calculations in national accounts
Musil, Petr ; Fischer, Jakub (advisor) ; Ondruš, Vítězslav (referee) ; Macek, Jan (referee)
The aim of this dissertation thesis is to improve price calculation used in the national accounts. The first chapter contains a description of indices and their use in the system of the national accounts. The second chapter is focused on the system of the national accounts especially supply and use tables, which are the basis for the estimate of macro aggregates at the prices of the reference period. The third chapter describes non-market services and their deflation. Output of non-market services is estimated as the sum of related costs. Input method does not allow to estimate productivity and efficiency of their provision. The main part of the chapter is devoted to the description of the developed methodology for deflation of education services in the Czech Republic, which is in line with international recommendations and enables an estimate of productivity. Using the methodology an estimate of the development of education services has been done for the year 2004 and onwards. The forth chapter deals with regional price levels and possibilities of their estimate. The description of the developed methodology as well as estimated price level for 2007 is included in this chapter. Indicators recalculated to the same price level provide quite different view on economic performance and well-being in regions of the Czech Republic.
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Total Factor Productivity Estimates
Vltavská, Kristýna ; Fischer, Jakub (advisor) ; Macek, Jan (referee) ; Čadil, Jan (referee)
The aims of the dissertation thesis are to provide the comprehensive economic-statistical viewpoint on the issue of estimating labour productivity and total factor productivity; to evaluate the quality of the available data sources and to test the usage of new inputs to the production function in the Czech Republic. The first chapter provides a theoretical basis for subsequent estimates of labour productivity and total factor productivity. The second and third chapters concentrate on a detailed definition of data sources and definitions of input and output indicators in the production function. Moreover, the second chapter introduces new approaches to the estimation of the input indicators to the production function (labour services, capital services). The fourth chapter deals with estimates of labour productivity. Specifically, the relationship of labour productivity and educational structures are examined as well as estimates for regions of the Czech Republic and estimates for non-market industry that do not allow the use of the traditional approach. The fifth chapter focuses on possible particularization and improvement of the estimation of total factor productivity using new input variables. The same chapter further compares the index number approach and econometric approach including the test of constant returns to scale. The estimation of total factor productivity in individual Czech regions is also part of the chapter.
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The use of mathematical and statistical modeling for the estimates of consumption of fixed capital and stocks of non-financial assets
Sixta, Jaroslav ; Hronová, Stanislava (advisor) ; Fischer, Jakub (referee) ; Macek, Jan (referee)
The aim of this dissertation thesis is to compile a systematic methodical approach for fixed assets as a national methodology. It focuses on stocks, consumption of fixed capital and capital services. The thesis is divided into three parts and six chapters. Chapter one and chapter two are used as a general theoretical base for chapters 3 to 5. Chapter 3 is based on a standard approach to the perpetual inventory method (PIM) as it is used in the Czech Republic. Chapter 4 is devoted to capital services and to an alternative approach to PIM. It is not used in the Czech Republic until now. Estimates are an integral part of the chapter. Chapter 5 describes capital services for other non-market producers, both methodology and estimates are covered. The impact of the change of the so-called cost method used for the estimates of output of other non-market producers on gross domestic product is calculated. The change consists in the substitution of consumption of fixed capital by capital services. Chapter 6 summarizes and explains the consequences in terms of national accounts.
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