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Syntactic approach to agreement (with a special view to agreement of predicate with subject)
Klimešová, Petra ; Lehečková, Eva (advisor) ; Adam, Robert (referee)
This thesis deals with syntactic relation of subject-predicate agreement in Czech, concentrating on special cases. The theoretical part describes the term "agreement" in terms of the traditional dependency approach, presents the definition of the term and specifies its width. It describes the subject-predicate agreement from from other theoretical perspectives, too (for example generative grammar analysis etc.). The main part of this theoretical chapter contains particular cases of subject-predicate agreement, as described in Czech grammars and textbooks. However, this description does not take into account all options and variants of agreement used in everyday conversation. Therefore, we investigate the problem of agreement through an empirical survey, which serves us to identify more complex cases (multiple subject with disjunctive, adversative and compared relation between its constituents; based on the cases found in the Czech National Corpus). Another source of data comes from a questionnaire, which maps how complex agreement structures are acquired by users of the language (students of the Faculty of Arts, Charles University). The data found in Czech National Corpus enable us to specify tendencies of agreement in more complicated cases; these tendencies should be included in the grammatical...
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The editorial adaptations of selected fairy tales of Božena Němcová in the 19th and 20th century
Havrlantová, Markéta ; Andrlová Fidlerová, Alena (advisor) ; Adam, Robert (referee)
The thesis is concerned with editorial changes in three of the fairy tales by Božena Němcová (Chytrá horákyně, Čert a Káča, O hloupém Honzovi). The source material is comprised of forty editions; the oldest of the texts is that of the first edition (published 1845-1847), the most recent text was published in 2009. The full texts of the forty editions of the three fairy tales are enclosed on a CD. Editorial changes in the source texts (in contrast to the first edition) have been highlighted. The thesis itself is divided into six main sections. The first section is introductory and it chiefly describes the selection of the material and the method of its processing. The second chapter deals with selected orthographic issues, particularly with the placement of exclamation marks and semicolons, and writing j in the auxiliary verb být in the preterite (šel sem / šel jsem). (Not) writing j in the auxiliary verb být is a stylistic device which helps to distinguish the speech of one of the characters. However, most editors change all forms to the variant with j, whereby the stylistic distinction is lost. The third chapter examines morphology, especially the alteration of selected verb forms. Topics of the subchapters are: supine, participles, past conditional and verb tenses. Editions published after 1989...
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Morphological and syntactical description of Czech numerals expressing number, sets and types of entities
Jínová, Pavlína ; Zikánová, Šárka (advisor) ; Adam, Robert (referee)
The theme of this thesis is morfological and syntactical description of Czech numerals expressing number of a) entities, b) their sets and c) their kinds. These three meanings are to be found together in some simple (basic) numerals (dva - two, osm - eight), numerals such as čtvero (group of four entities of different kinds, four) or dvé (group of two entities, two), and numerals expressing the number of kinds (dvojí, dvoje - two kinds). The co-occurrence of the three meanings mentioned is the reason why they are discussed together within one treatise. The goal of our analysis is to contribute, on the basis of a research into current linguistic materia/, to the mapping of the use of the numerals under study in modern Czech. The first part of the thesis consist of a description of the simple (basic) numerals, numerals such as čtvero and dvé and numerals expressing the number of kinds. In the second part we look at the problem from the opposite point of view, adducing the way of counting entities which are labelled by nouns with peripheral distribution of number (kalhoty - trousers, dveředoor( s), nádobí - utensils, ovoce - fruit(sL přikývnutí - nod(s), voda - water, mouka - flour, etc.). Many phenomena discussed in this thesis which are related to the use of the three adduced types of numerals points to the...
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Analytical verbo-nominal constructions in Václav Hájek's Czech chronicle (1541)
Martínek, František ; Kučera, Karel (referee) ; Adam, Robert (advisor)
In Chapters 1 and 2, the thesis delimits analytical verbo-nominal constructions (AVNS) based on the relevant literature. AVNS are phrases which consist of a verb with a general meaning, expressing categorical semantic features (e.g. state, change of state, and cause of change of state), and an abstract substantive: dát radu - to give advice, položit otázku - to ask a question, být v nesnázích - to be in a difficult situation. Phrases with a substantive in nominative case (jednání probíhá - the negotiation is proceeding) and with an adverb (dát najevo - to put forth) are also included in the AVNS classification. In Chapter 3, the phrases excerpted from a Middle Czech text of 1541 are classified according to their formal features and some groups of related phrases are also described. In Chapter 4, some models of AVNS-classification are critically evaluated and supplemented according to their semantic features. The excerpted phrases are classified using the following features: the state/action opposition, action phases, causativity, etc. In Chapter 5, the functions of AVNS in text are analyzed (e.g. as indicators that a given text is on a higher stylistic level). Overall, the thesis demonstrates that it is inadequate to consider AVNS as only a progressive feature of modern language. Appendices include lists of...
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Description of syndetic means in linguistic works of the second half of the 20th century
Doleželová, Barbora ; Adam, Robert (referee) ; Hošnová, Eva (advisor)
This study is a description of syndetic means in czech linguistic works of the second half of the twentieth century. The first part of this work is focused on the distinction of syndetic means definitions in linguistic works. The second part is a description of particular syndetic means. Repertory of these means is taken from compound terms listed in Mluvnice češtiny 2 (1987, pgs 225 - 227). Elementary conjunctions and correlatives are slured. The expertise of particular syndetic means is based on criteria set by E. Hošnová in her work Studie z vývoje novočeské syntaxe (2005). The aim is to determine which means became "stabilized conjunctions" which begin to become "stabilized conjunctions" and which means is not possible to consider as syndetic. The part of this analysis are frequency and conjunctionalisation charts. 136
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Jiří Haller in the contexts of Czech linguistics
Chromý, Jan ; Nebeská, Iva (advisor) ; Adam, Robert (referee)
This study tries to examine the position of Jiří Haller in the context of Czech linguistics, or more precisely in the context of the development of Czech research of language culture. The first chapter analyzes the work of Jan Gebauer, Josef Zubatý and Václav Ertl, Le. the work of Haller's predecessors. The goal is to find joint aspects of theirs approach to the language culture. The second chapter is concerned with the background of Haller's professional work, mainly with the study entitled "Problém jazykové správnosti", which summarizes Haller's early theoretical attitude. The third chapter analyzes the dispute over literary language; it offers a complex survey of those debates and tries to critically evaluate particular polemic appearances. The fourth part examines other works of Jiří Haller, Le. his activities after 1932. The main goal of the study is to revise traditional opinions on the personality of Jiří Haller and to present a more realistic view on his linguistic appearance and his work.
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Language analysis of the early printed book Life of the blessed Agnes... from 1666
Turková, Táňa ; Adam, Robert (referee) ; Kučera, Karel (advisor)
This thesis gives a basic language characteristic of the ear1y printed book Life ol the Blessed Agnes... from 1666 from the orthographical, phonetic, morphological, syntactic and lexical perspective. Transcription of the text of this record is also part of the thesis. The examined text is a translation from Latin which originated at the beginnig of the 15th century and was printed according to an old manuscript in 1666. The printing contains extra explanatory marginalia which were added by the publisher. The legend was printed using the Moravian orthography and contains some mistakes due to trascription of the digraphic orthography which was used in the old manuscript. The quantity of vowels is marked, however the graphic form of the printing gives information more about the quantity of Czech in the 1 i h century rather than of Czech in the 15th century. The graphics of the legend reflects some changes which were happening in the phonetic system at that time but the phonetic Czech of the legend basically agrees with the Czech today. More differences in comparison with present Czech can be found in morphology. Compared to today' s Czech concrete formative differences which originated in Old Czech (system oftenses, participle forms, dec1ination of some nouns and numerals) show themselves within particular...
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Ordinal numbers in contemporary Czech
Chlumská, Lucie ; Bozděchová, Ivana (referee) ; Adam, Robert (advisor)
The thesis "Ordinal Numbers in Contemporary Czech" characterizes and defines Czech ordinal numbers on the basis of theoretical conceptions of Czech grammar books and linguistic handbooks, and using data from the Czech National Corpus database it examines variant and problematic phenomena in this category. It also deals with ordinal numbers in an adverbial form, with words derived from ordinal numbers and with idioms, part of which the ordinal numbers are. It also analyses the issue of forming, writing and orthography of variant ordinals.
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Transgressives in contemporary Czech
Špinková, Tereza ; Hošnová, Eva (referee) ; Adam, Robert (advisor)
The thesis deals with the comparison of the two most important approaches towards the description of transgressives in the Czech language. The work tries to prove on the material of Czech national corpus the statements present in the linguistic descriptions of transgressives. The first part contains the examined literature described from the view of function and form of transgressives and from the view of their use. The most important and significant theories are compared. Simultaneously, the first part examines the critical moments of these theories, their inaccuracies. The second part is the research. All the material is taken from the Czech national corpus. The critical points defined in the first part are examined here.
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Parentheticals from a stylistic perspective
Janíková, Lucie ; Adam, Robert (referee) ; Hošnová, Eva (advisor)
This study is an analysis of parentheticals and their usage in texts of different styles. Parentheticals are a neglected phenomenon in the literature and they have been characterised in many different ways. For that reason, the first part of this study is focused on a detailed characterisation of parentheticals and their basic traits. Parentheticals were defined as nonsyntactic structures inserted into, and interrupting 'host' clauses. The parentheticals concur with a part of the host clause and are related to it. Other characteristics are typographic (brackets, dashes) or sound differentiation (pauses). In the second part of this work we analysed 4000 examples gained from text excerpts and from the Czech language Corpus database, from searches based on typographic differentiation. Those examples were from general corpus syn2005 and from corpuses of different styles: fictional, scientific and publicistic. From this number of examples we found 303 parentheticals, the remainder not corresponding with our definition. We observed the means of concurrence with host clauses. We found 259 parentheticals with anaphoric and 44 kataphoric concurrences. In all styles the parentheticals used mostly the same agents: pronoun substitution, wider coherency and co-reference. Parentheticals were divided into two functions:...
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