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Nursing care about people with infective endocarditis after the cardiacsurgery procedure
MARKOVÁ, Eva
Infective endocarditis is inflammation of endocardium which affects mainly the heart valves. It is a very serious illness, often with acute process which even today leads to death in 20-30% of cases. The treatment is long-term and it has impact on various domains in future life. Patients are given high doses of antibiotics and in the case of unsuccessful conservative treatment and vast microbial vegetations with the risk of embolism cardiac surgery procedure is necessary. The appropriate and right nursing care leading to positive mental attitude of a patient is very important during the long-term hospitalisation, as well as education in secondary prevention of this illness. The aim of this work was: 1) to find out how the patient deals with the long-term hospitalisation. 2) to define the patient´s needs during the long-term hospitalisation. 3) to find out the patient´s foreknowledge of the secondary prevention of infective endokarditis. 4) to find out the nurses´ possibilities in the domain of uprating the nursing care about the patients with infective endokarditis. To reach this aim one investigative question was determined: How the nursing care about the patients with infective endocarditis during the long-term hospitalisation is filled up? To process this work qualitative research using Strauss´s and Glaser´s data analysis was used. The data gathering was carried out in the form of half-structured interview with the nurses of cardiosurgical department of Hospital of České Budějovice as well as with the patients with infective endocarditis after the cardiosurgical performance. All the interviews were agreed to be recorded. Literal transcription of the interviews followed afterwards. The rewritten interviews were encoded and processed into figures. Hospitalisation brings certain negatives to the patients, such as fear about their future and life, lack of information and fear from the operation itself as well. Regarding the serious health state the patient´s life values change. They start to appreciate their life, they become more cautious and focus on prevention. Nurses are aware of the most important needs of long-term hospitalized patients. They try to saturate these needs and make their stay in hospital as comfortable as possible. Their knowledge of infective endocarditis helps nurses choose the appropriate way of education of the patients. The support of family is also very important. In spite of all effort of the hospital staff negative relationship between the nurses and patients can occur during the long-term hospitalisation. Nurses try to prevent the possible problems by changing the staff. Most patients found helpfulness of the staff a very positive part of their hospitalisation. The results show the lack of patients´ information about the risk of the origin of infective endocarditis and profylaxy. It would be very helpful to focus on more intensive education of the patients which could prevent this ilness.
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Working strategies of nurses on manager posts
MARKOVÁ, Eva
The thesis "Working strategies of nurses on manager posts" deals with issues of the professional role and manager position of a head nurse. With regard to changes in the area of health policy and health care providing, as well as is the relationship with the issue of professional fulfilment of women on the labour market generally, it is important to know views, ambitions, and motivations of nurses, and their working strategies on managing positions. It includes aspects of harmonizing their family and work roles, as these are the moments determining the position of most women in our working conditions to a significant extent. It is to say, managing of the nursing personnel and health care is a typical feminine position in the Czech Republic, adapting to given rules of the work organization and hierarchical structure of health institutions. The purpose of the thesis is to outline such a frame of reference, which would enable to better understand values and attitudes of head nurses. An indispensable part of this outlook is to understand, how their carriers developed, to identify their managing styles and guiding of the nursing team, as well as to map how their personal and professional roles pervade and affect each other. In this process, revealing long-term working strategies of head nurses is an important source of knowledge and at the same time, an attitudinal reflexion of these contexts by nurses themselves. Therefore, the development of the role of a nurse - manager (specifically, the head nurse and the ward sister) was described as the first item in the framework of the professional live of managing nurses; and conclusions of a series of research studies, focused on these issues, were presented. Additionally, the specificity of management in the nursing conditions was analyzed, including changes after 1989, and possibilities of education of nurses - managers. Finally, an empiric probe into the explored points at issue was carried out. Data acquired by means of semi-structured interviews with selected head nurses in faculty hospitals were integrated with the help of one of classical approaches, through so-called Grounded theory method. On basis of the data analysis, a model of professional paradigm was created, demonstrating several phases of the professional career, through which a head nurse passes, which were called for illustration: Seeking of domain, Circle (changing of nursing lines and sites), Virtue of necessity (situation, where a nurse caring of a child chooses a workplace, which enables such care), and Anchoring in the nursing branch. Then, the manager's career of the nurse unwinds form the "Anchoring in the nursing branch" phase. Life stories of head nurses, built on information from qualitative interviews, include predisposing factors for a managing position. Last but not least, it is also about some imprinting aspects from the childhood and adolescence (e.g., number of siblings, reasons for the selected study). After certain time, a nurse becomes a shift leader and a deputy ward sister, and subsequently, a ward sister and a head nurse. According to circumstances, she uses a combination of several managing styles in this position, like authoritative, democratic, and consultative. The theoretical model of professional paradigm of head nurses, construed on basis of empiric data analyses, opens a trail for further investigations, where it may be possible to examine some consequences in more detail, like the course of the professional career of nurses, their managing styles, etc. The acquired and classified evidences contribute to enriching current state of knowledge of certain segments of nursing issues. For instance, the top management of health institutions may use them in planning and implementation of some policies in the area of human resources, or educational institutions may use it for better and more accurate setting of educational concepts of future head nurses.
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The Impact of Change of the Parental Allowance on Decision of Mothers.
MARKOVÁ, Eva
Abstract By the end of 2007 the parental allowance was so high that many beneficiaries, especially those without any or low qualifications, never received a similar income in their job, which obviously resulted in a situation that some parents found it financially disadvantageous to return back to work. The new system of maternity leave makes it possible to draw the parental allowance during a shorter period of time whereas the amount paid differs depending on the time during which it is received. The objective of the graduation work was to map out the situation regarding the drawing of the parental allowance and reasons for choosing various options. The following hypotheses were determined based on this objective. 1st: Women who have the employment contract for a limited period of time pick a shorter alternative of parental leave than women with a contract for an unlimited period of time. 2nd: Women with a higher income select a shorter parental leave than women with a lower income. To obtain the necessary data to fulfill the determined objectives, the author used the questionnaire technique. The questionnaire was anonymous, it was filled in by women who have recently delivered a baby and it comprised 12 questions. 159 questionnaires were distributed during two months in 2008. The determined hypotheses were confirmed by the research. The results showed that the most preferred period of parental leave is three years with an income of 7600 CZK. As a reason for choosing this option the respondents answered that their employer ``reserves`` a job for them for three years and they can devote all their time to the baby. They find the amount of the allowance satisfactory. Most of them indicated they were yet to decide whether they were going to earn extra money during the parental leave and they did not know what they would do. If mothers need to leave their baby, people from their families usually babysit. Most of them would not trust a nurse. It was mostly young women (18 {--} 25 years of age) who indicated that they would not mind a nurse looking after their child. Changes which occurred in the field of parental leave and parental allowance need to be accompanied with relevant changes in other fields related to combining work and family, such as pre-school facilities and nursing centres for children younger than three years of age and also more flexible working hours. Family and employee policy should pay more attention to programmes supporting return to the labour market after the parental leave.
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It is not possible to buy love, but sex can be bought - research on market of prostitution focused on subjects that represent market supply of prostitution
Marková, Eva ; Písař, Pavel (advisor) ; Loužek, Marek (referee)
The bachelor essay deals with the influence of economic, legal, social and moral aspects on subjects that represent market supply of prostitution. At the beginning there are briefly described the reasons and substance of the shadow economy, there are also defined notion of prostitution and possible ways of this activity. The next part of the essay focuses on the market, subjects that represent market supply and market demand, legalization and taxation of prostitution. The theoretical part of bachelor essay also study the prostitution in Czech Republic and it's legal regulations, public notice, draft laws in 2005 and 2008. In practical part there are described research technique, target group and presumed intent of this essay. The information source for market research of prostitution in nightclubs is oral interview with prostitutes and with manager of disorderly house. The target of bachelor essay is to find out what has an influence on behaviour of prostitutes and their managers and to determine whether the market supply of prostitution will be changed.
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