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The importance of NMDA antagonists in animal models of ischemic injury and major depressive disease
Kletečková, Lenka ; Valeš, Karel (advisor) ; Zach, Petr (referee) ; Ježek, Karel (referee)
Glutamatergic system is the main excitatory system and glutamatergic receptors are the most abundantly expressed in whole central nervous system. The most widespread type of glutamatergic receptors are N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors which are essential for physiological development of nervous tissue, synaptic plasticity and cognitive processes. On the other hand, over-activation of these receptors leads to excitotoxic damage of nervous tissue and serious neurological consequences for future quality of life. Disruption of glutamatergic system is common feature for hypoxic-ischemic damage, traumatic brain injury, neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. Therefore glutamatergic system and specifically NMDA receptors are an attractive target for neuropharmacological research. Presented thesis explores the effect of several molecules with modulating inhibiting effect on NMDA receptor. Work is preferentially focused on application research; the main aim is evaluated therapeutic potential of studied compounds. First group of compounds is represented by neuroactive steroids pregnanolone glutamate and pregnanolone hemipimelate, which are allosteric inhibitors of NMDA receptor. Here, their neuroprotective effect is demonstrated in hypoxic-ischemic and excitotoxic damage of nervous tissue....
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The comparison of postural stability of the centre of gravity between yoga practicing people and non-practitioners
Vozárová, Tereza ; Zach, Petr (advisor) ; Zahálka, František (referee)
Introduction: We assume that based on the connection between yoga and sensorimotor learning, individuals who regularly practice yoga will have better postural stability than those who do not practice yoga. In this way, yoga would prove to be a suitable exercise for improving postural stability, which is suitable for use in modern physiotherapy as a generally available treatment technique. Based on theoretical and practical knowledge from previous research, we decided to verify the effect of yoga practice and full yoga breath on the posture. The aim of the work: The aim of my work is to manifest the effect of yoga exercises as a possible way of therapy and prevention of posture problems, when I want to prove the effect of yoga exercises on stabilizing the center of gravity and also theoretically prove the connection between sensorimotor and yoga practice. Because sensorimotor learning is of great importance in medical rehabilitation and is interwoven across various methodologies, I would like to show that it is also part of a thousand-year-old yoga that is accessible to all. With this work, I want to demonstrate the possible positive effect of these simple and affordable exercises on a random sample of people, some whom do yoga and others do not. Methodology: To measure the position of the center of...
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Volumetry and laterality of CNS structures in animal experiments and in human (in health and disease)
Mrzílková, Jana ; Zach, Petr (advisor) ; Syka, Josef (referee) ; Novotný, Jiří (referee)
Our work is composed of part done on laboratory rat, part done on magnetic resonance images and autoptic CNS tissue in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and control group. In the first part we observed volumetrically and stereologically morphological, right-left asymmetries of structures of CNS, gross marks of neurodegeneration and changes in the number of neurons and conditioned taste aversion (hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, parabrachial nucleus, amygdalar complex). We measured under normal conditions and under chronic stress induced by corticosterone. Chronic stress is possible candidate for AD development in humans. We found that structural lesion is side specific (on the right) and it is bound rather to subcellular level and not to absolute neuronal numbers changes. In the second part we examined changes in the grey matter of the CNS (by automatic segmentation and manually) and changes in the white matter of the CNS (tractography) in patients with AD and in controls on magnetic resonance. In the autoptic tissue we focused on asymmetrical morphological changes in the planum temporale and neurohistological changes in its third neuronal layer. We found out that decrease of the hippocampal volume is not accompanied by cerebellar or pontine volume and that reorientation of images is not necessary for...
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The comparison of postural stability of the centre of gravity between yoga practicing people and non-practitioners
Vozárová, Tereza ; Zach, Petr (advisor) ; Zahálka, František (referee)
Introduction: We assume that based on the connection between yoga and sensorimotor learning, individuals who regularly practice yoga will have better postural stability than those who do not practice yoga. In this way, yoga would prove to be a suitable exercise for improving postural stability, which is suitable for use in modern physiotherapy as a generally available treatment technique. Based on theoretical and practical knowledge from previous research, we decided to verify the effect of yoga practice and full yoga breath on the posture. The aim of the work: The aim of my work is to manifest the effect of yoga exercises as a possible way of therapy and prevention of posture problems, when I want to prove the effect of yoga exercises on stabilizing the center of gravity and also theoretically prove the connection between sensorimotor and yoga practice. Because sensorimotor learning is of great importance in medical rehabilitation and is interwoven across various methodologies, I would like to show that it is also part of a thousand-year-old yoga that is accessible to all. With this work, I want to demonstrate the possible positive effect of these simple and affordable exercises on a random sample of people, some whom do yoga and others do not. Methodology: To measure the position of the center of...
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Design of FPGA Development Kit
Zach, Petr ; Levek, Vladimír (referee) ; Fujcik, Lukáš (advisor)
This bachelor thesis focuses on the design of a FPGA development kit for the development and implementation of logic circuits. The first chapter describes the various types of programmable logic devices and compares their advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, the first chapter also describes the most common configurations of programmable logic devices and compares them to each other. The second chapter provides an in-depth description of the 7 series Xilinx FPGA architecture. The third chapter describes the design of the development kit and the programming device. Furthermore, the third chapter summarizes the available resources of the used FPGA as well as the devices and ports that are part of the development kit, and compares the development kit to other development kits available on the market. The final chapter outlines the process of producing and testing a development kit prototype.
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Three-Dimensional Anatomy of the Proximal Humerus and Rotator cuff attachment : Study of Clinical Anatomy for Optimization of Shoulder Arthroplasty Implantation
Hromádka, Rastislav ; Pokorný, David (advisor) ; Gallo, Jiří (referee) ; Zach, Petr (referee)
The thesis describes the anatomical study, which has been taken place at Orthopedic Clinic of the 1st Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital and at Institute of Anatomy 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague from 2002 till 2009. The study was focused on the area of the upper part of the humerus in order to measure spatial relationships among anatomical structures, especially attachments of rotator cuff muscles to optimize implantation arthroplasty of shoulder joint. Clinico-anatomical study, which results were published in 2010, was also based at measuring angular relations of structures proximal humerus. The proximal humerus was marked by 29 points on the cortical bone, which defined the position of the medial margin of the greater tubercle, the lateral margin of the lesser tubercle, bicipital groove, the crest of greater tubercle and to define position of the proximal humeral metaphyseal axis and anatomical neck. Measurements were carried out in the transversal planes and the measurement method was developed on the reconstruction and the spatial definition of basic axes (axis of humeral head and axis of proximal humeral shaft) with the optimized number of reference points of anatomical neck and cortical bone of proximal humeral shaft. Angles between the axis of the head...
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Learning and memory in Nogo-A knockdown rats
Petrásek, Tomáš ; Stuchlík, Aleš (advisor) ; Zach, Petr (referee) ; Rokyta, Richard (referee)
The Nogo-A protein belongs among the most important regulatory molecules in the brain, regulating development of neuronal and glial cells, axon guidance and adult synaptic plasticity. Although it has been studied mainly as an obstacle to axon regeneration after CNS injury, it plays a role in many pathological conditions, including neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. This work offers a literature review of the current knowledge about functions of Nogo-A and related proteins, and then recapitulates the results of experiments focused on the impact on decreased expression of Nogo-A on behavior in a transgenic rat model. The most important finding is that the Carousel Maze performance, tapping higher cognitive functions such as cognitive coordination and cognitive flexibility, is remarkably impaired in this model, while other cognitive functions, such as spatial navigation and both spatial and non-spatial memory are spared in the Nogo-A deficient rats. The results are discussed in the context of a hypothesis linking Nogo-A mutations or abnormal expression to human schizophrenia. We conclude that the Nogo-A deficient rats constitute a very promising animal model of schizophrenia and deserve further attention. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Mesenchymai stromal celis and biological scaffoids for neural tissue regeneration
Kočí, Zuzana ; Zach, Petr (referee)
Despite tremendous progress in medicine, injuries of the adult central neural system remain without satisfactory solution. Regenerative medicine employs tissue engineering, cellular therapies, medical devices, gene therapy, or growth factors with the aim to bridge the lesion, re-establish lost connections and enhance endogenous repair in order to restore neural function. The aim of my thesis was to evaluate therapeutic potential of two approaches, transplantation of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) and biological scaffolds derived from extracellular matrix (ECM) for neural regeneration, particularly in models of spinal cord injury (SCI). First, hMSCs from various sources - bone marrow (BM), adipose tissue (AT) and Wharton's jelly (WJ) - were isolated and characterized in vitro. All cell types met the minimal criteria for MSC phenotype and displayed similar properties in terms of their surface marker expression, differentiation potential, migratory capacity, and secretion of cytokines and growth factors. On the other hand, the cell yield from WJ and AT was significantly higher, and MSCs isolated from these tissues proliferated better than from BM. Therapeutic effect of intrathecal application of hWJ-MSCs was then evaluated in SCI compression model in rats. The effect of low (0.5 million) and...
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The Design and Conduct of the neuroepidemiological study of aging, and MCI with the emphasis on the life style factors and prevention.
Sheardová, Kateřina ; Hort, Jakub (advisor) ; Zach, Petr (referee) ; Vališ, Martin (referee)
Identifikační záznam: SHEARDOVA, Kateřina. The Design and Conduct of the study of aging, and MCI within International Clinical Research Centre in Brno, Czech Republic, with the emphasis on the life style factors. Praha, 2020, 77 stran, 9 příloh. Disertační práce (Ph.D.). Univerzita Karlova, 2. lékařská fakulta, Neurologická klinika. Vedoucí disertační práce Hort, Jakub. Abstract The thesis describes the methodology of longitudinal aging study in the Czech Republic - Czech Brain Aging Study (CBAS) established with the aim to identify early markers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and risk/protective factors of dementia in the context of the Czech population. The theoretical part provides a summary of present knowledge on AD biomarkers and early diagnostics and on specific life-style factors in the context of AD. The CBAS data generated over 60 publications. In the empirical part, the main results related to this thesis are discussed. First general epidemiological data and also specific research results from CBAS data are presented. The main topic is the relevance of subjective cognitive complaints, the early diagnostics of AD from the perspective of experimental neuropsychology and the life-style protective factors including non-pharmacological interventions. Key words: Alzheimer disease, longitudinal study,...
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