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Language and Style of Underground Children's Books
Kubová, Kateřina ; Mareš, Petr (advisor) ; Vaňková, Irena (referee)
Kubova, Katerina: Language and Style of Underground Children's Books: The Thesis. Prague: The Faculty of Arts of The Charles University, Institute of Czech Language and Theory of Communication, 2011. Thesis Advisor: Prof. PhDr. Petr Mares, CSc. This thesis aims to examine the linguistic and stylistic aspects of Czech underground literature for children. In the first part, it focuses on the specifics of children's literature and on the term "child aspect" which serves as a criterion for further analysis of selected texts. The thesis also presents selected writers of children's literature and their work. The linguistic and stylistic analysis is largely based on the book Současná stylistika (The Contemporary Czech Stylistics), which characterizes the individual linguistic levels of a fictional text. Texts for children, written by Egond Bondy and Ivan Martin Jirous, the most prominent figures of the Czech cultural underground of the 1970's and 1980's, are analyzed. Finally, the linguistic and stylistic features of the samizdat anthology Čert má kopyto… (The Devil Has a Hoof…), which represents a sum of the Czech underground literature for children, are examined, determining texts that meet both the criterion of the children's literature and the criterion of the underground poetics, and therefore...
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The Human Being in Riddles. Contribution to the linguistic Picture of the World in Czech
Boháčková, Linda ; Vaňková, Irena (advisor) ; Janeček, Petr (referee)
Riddles can refer to all spheres of human being. The thesis is based on contemporary theories and methods of cognitive linguistics and etnolinguistics: riddles can be seen as a specific semiotic system, which contains references to the certain way of understanding the world. The aim of this thesis is to define the linguistic picture of human being and human body in Czech folk riddles. The article of etnolinguist H. Kazancewa provides the methodical basis. Riddles can be classified: riddles about human ontogenesis are in the first group, rhyming riddles describing human body and its parts using neologisms are in the second group, riddles about organs and parts of the body are in the third group. Part of human body can be encoded on the basis of its appearance, or on the basis of its function, or both. Sets of organs in the second and in the third group differ. Head, hair, eyes, nose, mouth, hands (and arms) and legs appear in both groups - they have the central position in the linguistic picture of the human body in Czech. The second group of riddles encodes forhead, stomach, knees, feet and heels in addition. The third group of riddles encodes teeth, tongue, beard, fingers and ears in addition. Some parts of human body - back, buttocks, genitals - appear exceptionally or are missing. Riddles about...
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Image schema for PATH in the Czech Sign Language
Moudrá, Anna ; Vaňková, Irena (advisor) ; Macurová, Alena (referee)
Summary: This thesis builds on current research about image schema PATH in Czech language. After a theoretical introduction of the cognitive-linguistic theory of conceptual, or image schemas and about iconic and iconic-metaphorical (double) mapping of sign language existing theoretical and methodological knowledge is compared with language material that captures expressions schema PATH in the Czech sign language. For these purposes a corpus of signs of Czech sign language that make use of the schema of PATH was acquired. Analyzed signs are categorized by target areas (semantic circuits) and also according to the criteria of phonological structure. Key words: cognitive linguistics, Czech sign language, metaphor, iconic mapping, iconic-metaphoric (double) mapping, image schema, image schema PATH
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Indirect naming units in Czech Sign Language
Nováková, Radka ; Macurová, Alena (advisor) ; Vaňková, Irena (referee)
This dissertation addresses the Indirect Naming Unit in Czech Sign Language. This area has not been researched systematically in the Czech Republic. There are total of 60 of them being introduced and analyzed in this paper. They are divided into 3 main categories based on how they change the form of the sign. Each sign has a photo documentation showing what the sign looks like in the basic meaning and the metaphorical meaning. Furthermore, for each sign of an Indirect Naming Unit there is a written explanation of its semantic motivation for the metaphorical meaning. In another part of this paper, the metaphorical meanings have been grouped into general categories. These metaphorical meanings were taken from previously collected examples. These examples are translated into written Czech and the sign order, used in the signed sentence, is listed as well. These examples used in Czech Sign Language are shown in videos on DVD, which is a part of this dissertation. The theoretical support for this research work is based on the knowledge of the Indirect Naming Unit in the Czech linguistics. Furthermore, there are introductory notes about Indirect Naming Unit in Czech Sign Language related to the process of creating the Indirect Naming Unit, the process of lexicalization and the categorization based on the...
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Perception of verbal irony in Czech
Pospíšilová, Dominika ; Šebesta, Karel (advisor) ; Vaňková, Irena (referee)
This paper explores perception of discourse irony in Czech - how can irony affect Czech adults and teenagers, their definition of it and what are the differences between irony in Czech and in English. The inspiration for my paper was a cross-cultural study of comprehension of sarcasm in Czech and Canadian children in which I was concerned and which revealed that Czech children understand sarcasm somehow sooner than Canadian children. My paper focuses on two experiments I did with Czech adults for purposes of the cross-cultural study, in which adults were just the control group, and on following experiment with Czech teenagers, who weren't included in the study at all. The first experiment (the preliminary stage of the cross-cultural study) showed the approach of Czech adults to the forms of irony used in the cross-cultural study and what the term irony means to them. The second experiment confirmed appreciable differences in perception of social-communicative aspects of irony (pleasantness, unpleasantness, wittiness) between Czech and Canadian adults - the Czechs feel irony much more negative than the Canadians do. The third experiment was with fifteen-year-old Czech students and it pointed out that although their language skills are in principle comparable with those of adults, in the case of irony...
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Girls' language in Czech girls' magazines
Kadlecová, Kateřina ; Šebesta, Karel (advisor) ; Vaňková, Irena (referee)
This study deals with language and ideology in girls' magazines BravoGIRL!, COSMOgirl!, Dívka (Girl) and Top dívky (Top Girls). It describes the position ofthese three monthlies and one semi-monthly on the Czech media market and then it focuses at the content and specific genres ofthese magazines (namely, photostories). The linguistic analysis ofthe used language and style follows; the expressivity and emotionality of the so called genderlect and especially of the girls' speech (and a speech meant for girls) and the tendenci es towards enriching the lexicon of these magazines with anglicisms, neologisms, occasionalisms and slang are exemplified. It is also explained why intertextuality becomes so rare in the texts. In addition, I offer results of a questionnaire (50 enquirees), which uses both qualitative and quantitative (evaluated by the SPSS software) methods. It reveals how much the girls, potential inforrnants of the media messages, perceive the language of those magazines which is made to be and pretends to be their own sociolect. The ability to understand the text is questioned here, and so are the acceptation of profane language and so-called smileys, interest in topics offered and subjective evaluating of the gir1s' magazines with both rejecting and supporting the reasons for reading them. The last...
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Gestures and Face Expression in Different Cultures
Puldová, Hana ; Saicová Římalová, Lucie (advisor) ; Vaňková, Irena (referee)
Následující práce se zabývá problematikou neverbální komunikace v různých kulturách a to především jejími dvěma druhy - gestikou a mimikou. Největší pozornost je soustředěna na analýzu toho, jak je v česky publikované, původní i překladové odborné literatuře pojat výklad o vybraných neverbálních prostředcích v různých kulturách. Práce se zaměřuje převážně na to, nakolik jsou v příslušných publikacích zohledněna kulturní specifika příslušných prostředků, na které kultury je pokládán největší důraz a jaké informace jsou o daných prostředcích sdělovány. Nejprve je popsán samotný pojem neverbální komunikace, poté její druhy, ve stručnosti jejich charakteristika a stěžejní částí celé práce je právě ona zmíněná analýza vybraných publikací, kde bylo primárním úkolem zjistit, jakou měrou se čeští i zahraniční autoři zabývají mezikulturními rozdíly v problematice neverbální komunikace, a co o nich pojednávají. Klíčová slova: neverbální komunikace, gesta, mimika, kultura This thesis concerns itself with forms of nonverbal communication in various cultures, most importantly with its main two forms - gestics and mimics. A great deal of attention is devoted to analysis of the interpretation of certain nonverbal means of communication in Czech scholarly publications, both original works and translations from other...
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Conceptualization of Life in the Czech Popular Lyrics (Contribution to the Study of the Linguistic Picture of the World)
Janovská, Zuzana ; Vaňková, Irena (advisor) ; Saicová Římalová, Lucie (referee)
This thesis examines the conceptualization of life in the lyrics of Czech popular songs of 1960s. The thesis derives theoretically and methodologically from cognitively and culturally-based approaches to language, especially from the theory of conceptual metaphor and metonymy (e. g. Lakoff and Johnson) and the concept of language as a picture of the world (school of Lublin). At first the thesis analyses the semantics of lexeme life. The analysis is based on the data from dictionaries and it reaches the basics of the linguistic picture of life as it is anchored in common language. Simultaneously the thesis works with the picture of life (in contrast with death) how it is served in the literature about Czech folk culture. The main part of this study consists of almost a hundred interpretations of lyrics from the examined period, which depict human life in its various stages and forms (through oppositions of life - death, youth - old age, etc.). The analysis follows relevant semantic elements which participate on its conceptualization. The thesis describes systematically and in detail particularly metaphors (structural, ontological and orientational), metonymy, and also the image schemes which are associated with life (scheme of JOURNEY, CYCLE). The attention is paid to their specific language...
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Phrasems in Norwegian and Czech - A Comparison from the Cognitive Linguistics Perspective
Payneová, Marie ; Štajnerová, Petra (advisor) ; Vaňková, Irena (referee)
In this thesis we deal with the analysis of expressions - in particular the metaphorical and phraseological expressions - containing a motive of an animal in Czech and Norwegian. The method is based on cognitive linguistics, mainly on the Polish ethnolinguistic school, with a special focus on the definition of metaphor and symbol from the point of view of the philosophical hermeneutics. We describe and support some common principles of the perception and conceptualization of animals in both languages and we focus on semantic connections concerning this topic. Our main focus is on the expression wolf - we compare the linguistic picture of the world of this controversial animal in Czech and Norwegian.
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