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Morphological and syntactic charakteristics of the expressions half and quarter
Nováková, Anna Josefína ; Synková, Pavlína (advisor) ; Adam, Robert (referee)
1 Abstract This bachelor's thesis aims to provide a morphological and syntactical analysis of Czech expressions půl "a half"and čtvrt "a quarter". The first part deals with the description and characteristics of numerals in specialized literature, with focus on the explored expressions, and it then proceeds to define the research questions (e. g. to what extent are the forms frozen; forms of the noun denoting the counted object (JPP) etc.), which are then explored in the practical part, using corpus analysis. The data used in the analysis are taken from the SYN2015 corpus. The analysed sample contains 1 000 of the čtvrt lemmas and the same number of the půl lemmas. The analysis shows that the expressions resemble one another in several aspects: e. g. the low number of non-frozen forms (e. g. do půli stehna "halfway up/down the thigh"); JPP have mostly genitive form in direct cases (e. g. půl dne "a half of a day", čtvrt měsíce "a quarter of a month"); and in indirect cases, the form of JPP is mostly dependent on higher sentence structure (e. g. s půl dnem "with a half of a day", o čtvrt roce "about a quarter of a year"), and they have the same predicate agreement like the numerals of the pět "five" type (e. g. půl roku uplynulo "half a year passed", čtvrt koláče zbylo "a quarter of the pie is left"). But...
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Competing lexico-semantic alternations: a corpus-based study
Gabrielová, Hana ; Lehečková, Eva (advisor) ; Synková, Pavlína (referee)
(in English): Focal point of presented thesis is concurence of certain lexico-semantic alternations, more specifically of the locative ones. Opening chapters deal with their definition and conception in theoretical frames of FGP and CxG. Following passages concentrate on specification of alternating contructions, their concurence and semantical restriction of alternating verbs. The second, core chapter of the thesis presents a corpus-based, quantitative and qualitative study of several Czech alternating verbs (cpát, balit, nakládat, napouštět, nalévat and plnit). It deals mainly with the question of distrubition of each construction and alternation capacity of aforementioned verbs. It verificates some hypotheses concerning pronominality, number and grammatical complexity of arguments. At the same time it aspires to bring a few new points and perspectives into Czech locative alternation discourse.
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Non-referential to in Czech as an expletive?
Janoušková, Barbora ; Lehečková, Eva (advisor) ; Synková, Pavlína (referee)
This thesis analyses expletive usage of Czech word to (it). The aim is to contribute to the current description of Czech expletive to in the subject position and to compare it with English expletive subject it. Theoretical part of this thesis is dedicated to definition of the term reference, and other terms associated with it, and referential, modifying and non- referential functions of to in Czech academic literature. Important part of the theoretical background is definition of semantic criteria for identification of the Czech expletive to by Ivana Kolářová. In Czech academic literature, the term expletive is not widely described, therefore this thesis also gives a brief overview of description of English expletive it. For the purposes of comparison of the Czech and English expletives, this thesis is partly dedicated to a description of partial pro-drop languages and to an explanation how it is connected to the Czech language. There are two types of Czech expletive to defined as a basis for a qualitative analysis: formal expletive subject to in raising constructions and inferential expletive subject to. The analysis is based on 300 manually excerpted examples of constructions with expletive subject to from spoken corpora ORAL2013 and ORTOFON. Both types of expletives are described separately on...
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Presentation of Numerals in Teaching Czech as a Foreign Language
Synková, Kateřina ; Škodová, Svatava (advisor) ; Synková, Pavlína (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the issues of numerals in the context of teaching Czech as a foreign language. The theoretical part describes the reasons why numerals are so problematic in the process of teaching and the common methodological recommendations for the teaching of numerals are described here as well. The goal of this thesis is to suggest the most suitable way to teach selected numerals along with the related grammatical cases. Numerals in the chosen textbooks of Czech for foreigners and the analysis of the chosen forms in the CzeSL-SGT learner corpora were analysed for this purpose. The analysis of the corpus helps to define the difficult cases in more detail. Based on the analyses, the worksheets were created for the chosen types of numerals that can be used in the teaching process. These materials also contain recommendations for working with the individual activities.
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Gender adaptation in the new Czech loanwords from the field of gastronomy
Kozák, Jaromír ; Prokšová, Hana (advisor) ; Synková, Pavlína (referee)
This bachelor thesis monitors 10 expressions from gastronomy field (kimchi, açaí, guacamole, brownies, tofu, quinoa, portobello, panini, pho and tapioca) as well as their spelling or morphological variations. Recently, these expressions can be more and more observed in Czech vocabulary and they tend to steady in different forms such as pronunciation, grammar, morphology or in terms of its meaning. The aim of this work is to observe morphological adaptation of those expressions, mainly of their grammatical gender. Within the observed expressions, the impact on adaptation and other aspects of those expressions, which are having influence on incorporation into morphological system, are also watched. The theoretical part sums up the conception of action during the adaptation of adopted nouns in different Czech grammar books and relevant works. In practical part, the corpus analysis (carried out in syn_v6 corpus) of given expressions is described. Therefore, this work is partial contribution to the topic of incorporation of foreign expressions into Czech language along with the monitoring of lexicon from the modern gastronomy field.
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Linguistic features of speakers of Klub Rádio Junior
Machurová, Martina ; Saicová Římalová, Lucie (advisor) ; Synková, Pavlína (referee)
The following diploma thesis addresses linguistic speech in the children's program at the Radio Junior Club. The first section describes verbal expressions, defines basic theoretical concepts related to the stratification of Czech language, defines child listeners with a focus on the pre-school development period as well as the primary and middle school period and also explains the concept of child-oriented speech. The structure of Czech Radio and individual programs at Radio Junior with emphasis on the Radio Junior Club are described at the end of the theoretical section. The practical section contains two analyses describing the moderator's language and how it is responded to positively according to sound level, lexicology, morphology and syntax. The recordings were taken from the Czech Radio archive and the ORAL2013 transcriptional system, which was adapted for analysis purposes, was used to transcribe the spoken language. The results of the analyses were compared and generalized along with findings in expert literature.
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Vowel length variation in masculine nouns with suffix -č in public printed texts
Švíbková, Zuzana ; Adam, Robert (advisor) ; Synková, Pavlína (referee)
The work describes and examines vowel quantity variation of deverbative nouns ending in -č, based on older field literature, which is also the source of the set of substantives for the partial research. In this research, the occurrence of short and long variants of the individual substantives in Czech National Corpus is examined, with focus especially on frequency, typical collocations and text styles. In the conclusion, the findings are summed up and several possibilities of further examination are outlined. Key words: verbal nouns, vowel quantity, vowel quantity variation, names of objects ending in -č
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Language in Contemporary Discourse on Computer Games
Kapounová, Jana ; Mareš, Petr (advisor) ; Synková, Pavlína (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with selected language aspects of contemporary discourse on computer games. The analyzed material comes from game magazines Level and Score. The first part of the thesis deals with the delineation of the topic and the summary of the knowledge from the professional literature concerning the language of computers, computer games and internet communication. This includes a characteristic of the collected material. The second part is an analysis of game texts focusing on vocabulary of computer game players, expression in game texts, intertextuality, elements of humor, phraseology, comparison, rhymes, irony and self- irony. In addition, the work focuses on the communication situation in game reviews. The last part summarizes the knowledge gained from the analysis of game magazines and formulates conclusions about the language used in the discourse on computer games.
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Description of Old Czech Common Nouns Declension (with regard to Automatic Morphological Analysis of Texts in Old Czech Text Bank)
Synková, Pavlína ; Oliva, Karel (advisor) ; Petkevič, Vladimír (referee) ; Vepřek, Miroslav (referee)
The thesis aims at explicit description of Old Czech common nouns declension with regard to its application in a tool for automatic morphological analysis of (digitized) texts in Old Czech. This means that this description is intended to serve as a basis for automatic generation of word forms (jointly with their appropriate morphological information and lemma) which will then be used for assigning morphological categories (gender, number, case) and lemma to word forms occurring in Old Czech digitized texts. The thesis thus develops a base for the first step in transformation of text banks (which currently exist for the Old Czech period) into an Old Czech corpus offering more possibilities for linguistic research. The Old Czech period is defined as a period from the beginning of the 14th century (more precisely from the period when first coherent texts written in Czech appeared) approx. to the end of the 15th century. Nouns were chosen for this work, because they cover approx. 30% of texts in current Czech (which is the highest percentage from all parts of speech). Old Czech texts are taken into account only in a transcribed form (based on transcription rules used in the Old Czech Text Bank developed at the Institute of the Czech Language of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic). On the one...
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Attributive and Predicative Functions of Czech Adjectives
Manukjanová, Hana ; Lehečková, Eva (advisor) ; Synková, Pavlína (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the distinction of attributive and predicative adjectives in contemporary Czech. Although this distinction is very important for defining adjectives as a word class in many languages, there was only little attention paid to it in Czech so far. This thesis is based on the work of František Čermák Lexikon a sémantika (2010). It is strongly inspired by english tradition of linguistics, which is also a reason, why he introduces a new term predicative adjectives in Czech. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first part contains theoretical description of predicative and attributive function of adjectives. It is based on information contained in czech and foreign grammarbooks, handbooks or research papers. The goal is to summarize these separate information. The theoretical part deals with the basic characteristic of both types of adjectives, it focuses also on description of their semantics, word form and valency, which depends on it. This part contains definitions of some questionable points or inaccuracies of these descriptions too. The second part of this thesis is given to corpus research. The questionable points or inaccuracies of the descriptions defined in the first part of this thesis are examined on the material of Czech national corpus, concretely the corpus SYN2010....
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