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Field bryophytes of the Czech Republic
Man, Matěj ; Soldán, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Němcová, Lenka (referee)
3 ABSTRACT More than 30 % of agricultural land in Europe also Czech Republic is covered by arable fields. There is no evidence about diversity of some arable fields bounded species groups. In general the diversity of arable land species is less than the wild land species. For increasing species diversity in agricultural land European commission comes up with agri environmental farming schemes in 90's. Till now real effectiveness of the agri environmental schemes is not clear for all species groups. In my thesis I have investigated whether the diversity and community composition of arable bryophytes species is influenced by agri environmental or conventional management on cereal fields. The influence of agri environmental management on arable bryophytes was never investigated in Europe unlike the other species groups like vascular plants, non vertebrates or vertebrates. The thesis stands on dataset provided by Ministry of agriculture for 3 Czech regions (kraj Vyso ina, Pardubický kraj, St edo eský kraj). My own research of arable bryophytes diversity held on 12 fields within 6 localities is the main part of the thesis supplemented by basic soil measurements and climatic characteristics extractions. Main result of the thesis is finding that conventional management has marginally positive effect on arable...
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Diversity of the genus Riccia (Marchantiophyta)
Spurná, Veronika ; Soldán, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Svoboda, David (referee)
The main aim of this thesis is to give a brief overview of the genus Riccia. It belongs to the same taxonomic group as the genus Ricciocarpos Corda, family Ricciaceae (order Marchantiales, department Marchantiophyta). Both genera have a simple endosporophile and they do not possess elaters. The genus Riccia has a wide ecological valency. The representatives of the genus, who are adapted to life in drier areas, are able to grow on bare, sunny, clay soil. Other species can be found on wet places with high water occurrence or even directly in the aquatic environment. The genus has a worldwide distribution. The most abundant diversity is in subtropical areas with high environment variety which directly influences the diversity of this species. Representatives of this genus are able to survive extreme conditions and can very easily adapt to new conditions. They are also defined by great morphology plasticity. There are still problems to correctly distinguish some species from each other beacause of this reason. There are 13 species in the Czech Republic, three of them are easily interchangeable. Part of the thesis is therefore focused on the comparison of the species R. fluitans and R. rhenana from the Ricciella section. The former is typically found on the surface of the water. However, when found...
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Epixylic bryophytes - an overview of the current research and methods of study
Škaloudová, Jana ; Soldán, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Malíček, Jiří (referee)
Epixylic bryophytes are mainly bound to deadwood of larger dimensions, usually at a more advanced degree of decay. In the managed forest, their occurrence is limited due to lack of suitable substrate and changed microclimatic conditions. The presence of these species may point to the nature of the habitat and preserved original forest structures. Some epixylic specialists have very specific demands on the properties of the substrate. Sometimes, however, it may be difficult to determine, whichbryophytes are actually obligatory epixylic, since preference to the substrate may differ in other microclimatic conditions. This thesis attempts to summarize the demands of epixylic bryophytes and relationships with other ecological groups of bryophytes, which are also part of the dead wood community, its composition changes during the decomposition of wood. Initially this dead wood community includes epithets originally growing on a living tree, later epigeic species. One of the objectives is to describe the potential competition and dynamics of this community during the decomposition of wood. Further, the impact of forest management on the microclimate and the amount of available substrates, and thus its impact on bryophytes, with emphasis on epixylic species, is summarized. There are mentioned some methods used in...
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Diversity of the genus Riccia (Marchantiophyta) and molecular methods of taxonomical study of liverworts
Spurná, Veronika ; Soldán, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Svoboda, David (referee)
The main objective of this study is to introduce the genus Riccia. The first fossil discoveries of this genus date back to the Early Pleistocene. It has been known from literature since the 17th century. From this time forward it gets more attention. This genus has a cosmopolitan distribution across all of the world. It is capable of surviving extreme conditions. Also it adapts to new conditions quite easily. Representatives of genus Riccia have a very wide range of morphological variations. Therefore to this day there are still issues with a properly species determination. In the Czech Republic there are 13 species and 3 of it are easily interchangeable. Mainly, I focus on R.fluitans, which its a typical habitat is a water level. If R.fluitans lacks the aquatic environment, then It can look like terrestrial R.rhenana. The next chapter is about a description of basic metods in molecular studies on Marchantiophyta. Molecular data have changed significantly a view on the Marchantiophyta taxonomy. Until recently the taxonomy was dependent on morphological similarities. But modern metods don't always guarantee the correctness. Therefore it is recommended to combine molecular results with morphological features. Keywords: Riccia, diversity, variability, molecular study, Marchantiophyta
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Field bryophytes of the Czech Republic
Man, Matěj ; Soldán, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Němcová, Lenka (referee)
3 ABSTRACT More than 30 % of agricultural land in Europe also Czech Republic is covered by arable fields. There is no evidence about diversity of some arable fields bounded species groups. In general the diversity of arable land species is less than the wild land species. For increasing species diversity in agricultural land European commission comes up with agri environmental farming schemes in 90's. Till now real effectiveness of the agri environmental schemes is not clear for all species groups. In my thesis I have investigated whether the diversity and community composition of arable bryophytes species is influenced by agri environmental or conventional management on cereal fields. The influence of agri environmental management on arable bryophytes was never investigated in Europe unlike the other species groups like vascular plants, non vertebrates or vertebrates. The thesis stands on dataset provided by Ministry of agriculture for 3 Czech regions (kraj Vyso ina, Pardubický kraj, St edo eský kraj). My own research of arable bryophytes diversity held on 12 fields within 6 localities is the main part of the thesis supplemented by basic soil measurements and climatic characteristics extractions. Main result of the thesis is finding that conventional management has marginally positive effect on arable...
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Bryophytes of agrocenosis
Man, Matěj ; Soldán, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Mikulášková, Eva (referee)
This literary review is aimed to bryophytes of agrocenosis in Europe. Researchers usually do not put such interest to agrocenosis, because it is highly human affected biotope. Nevertheless some endangered or rare bryophyte species are found in agrocenosis more frequent than in other biotopes. Bryophytes of agrocenosis are limited by competition with vascular plants, vascular plant composition, soil pH, the way and timing of agricultural management. Factors like use of pesticide, use of fertilizer, or soil type are not significantly correlated with occurrence and diversity of bryophytes in agrocenosis. Bryophytes of agrocenosis have usually strategy of fast life cycle, good adaption to fast use of available resources, high biomass production, high resources allocation into reproduction, high viability of reproductive particles. As a part of my thesis, I compared bryophyte species richness in agrocenosis of European states, where research of bryophyte diversity was already done. (Slovakia, Lithuania, Great Britain and Ireland, Austria). 226 species of bryophytes in agrocenosis was recorded in Europe. I found 18 bryophyte species which was recorded in agocenosis of any of four states. Bryophytes of agrocenosis could comprise 9 - 21 % of national bryophyte species diversity in European states. Most of European...
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Biology, ecology and invasion characteristics of Campylopus introflexus in the Czech Republic
Mikulášková, Eva ; Soldán, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Tribsch, Andreas (referee) ; Kučera, Jan (referee)
A B S T R A C T Ecological and economic impact of invasive plants to natural ecosystems is the subject of many studies; however, invasive bryophytes have been stud- ied only marginally. Campylopus introflexus (Hedw.) Brid. is one of the most strongly invasive bryophyte species in Europe. The species appears to be native in the Southern Hemisphere. In Europe, it was collected for the first time in the British Isles in 1941. The moss has expanded eastward and the first collection in the Czech Republic is dated to 1988. This thesis found that more than 70 localities were known known in the Czech Republic in 2006, and more than 100 localities became known by 2011. It has been further demonstrated that the Czech Republic was colonized repeatedly by generative spores and all populations have a unique genetic composition. Genetic variation of the populations is low, the genetic diver- sity of populations within the Czech Republic is not correlated with their geographic position or with any of the monitored environmental variables. At a fine scale within particular localities, the species disperses by vege- tative diaspores, while it uses generative spores for spreading over longer distances. In Central Europe, C. introflexus prefers open coniferous forests, especially plantations of either spruce or pine. It colonizes...
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