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The Position of Cataphoric Words in Latin Sentence
Knotková, Nela ; Ctibor, Michal (advisor) ; Pultrová, Lucie (referee)
This thesis deals with the issue of positioning of cataphoric words in a Latin sentence. The theoretical part presents selected studies of Dirk Panhuis and Olga Spevak, two researchers examining the Latin word order from a communicative perspective. This is followed by a general definition of cataphora and its placement within the Latin syntactic context. Chapter 4 presents a statistical analysis of the position of cataphors in a Latin sentence based on excerpts from selected letters of Seneca the Younger and two of Cicero's philosophical works (Laelius de amicitia and the 2nd book of De officiis). The analysis confirms the assumption that Latin cataphors quite often occur in the initial sentence position, which contradicts the conclusions of the aforementioned Panhuis study. Individual analyses show how the tendency to occur in the initial or other position changes depending on the specific cataphor and the type of postcedent to which a cataphor refers.
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The perfect tense of the Latin verbs prandere and cenare
Králová Lesná, Aneta ; Pultrová, Lucie (advisor) ; Vaníková, Martina (referee)
This thesis deals with the perfect tense of the Latin verbs prandeo (prandere) and ceno (cenare). It presents an overview of the information about the perfect tense of these verbs contained in the works of ancient Latin grammarians and in modern literature. While dealing with the theoretical aspects of this issue, the thesis touches on the issue of the categories of aspect and voice in Latin. The thesis also deals with the interpretation of the instances of the perfect tense of the verbs prandeo and ceno in extant Latin texts. The main result of our investigation is the finding that the active participles pransus and cenatus cannot be regarded as exceptional cases.
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Latin Verbal Prefix ex- in Regard of Aspect
Vaníková, Martina ; Pultrová, Lucie (advisor) ; Muchnová, Dagmar (referee) ; Eliášová Buzássyová, Ľudmila (referee)
Prefix ex- u latinských sloves a jeho aspektová funkce Latin Verbal Prefix ex- in Regard of Aspect - disertační práce - Mgr. Martina Vaníková Summary The proposed thesis titled Latin Verbal Prefix ex- in Regard of Aspect is a pilot study that deals with the ways of expressing aspect in Latin, which is based on the detailed analysis of the functions of the verbal prefix ex- as one of the important components of this category. It also tries to find the method for the future research on the matter. In the theoretical part of the thesis the author gives summary of existing theories on aspect in general, with special attention given to the theories on aspect in the Czech and Latin language. The author defines the terms "aspect", "Aktionsart" and "situation type" at great length, and she particularly sets light to the term "telicity", distinguishing the "inherent telicity" from "maximizing". The practical part consist of: 1. a detailed analysis of all the occurrences of the indicative imperfect of the verbs with the prefix ex- from the corpus, which comprises of all well-preserved Latin texts from Plautus to Cicero; 2. an analysis of the indicative future and present tense forms of the selected verbs with the prefix ex-. Based on the analysis of the imperfect, the author verifies her hypothesis that the prefix...
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Word order in Latin noun phrases with comparative and superlative adjectives
Stehlíková, Markéta ; Pultrová, Lucie (advisor) ; Vaníková, Martina (referee)
The bachelor's thesis deals with the word order of noun phrases with comparative and superlative adjectives in classical Latin prose. Firstly, it summarizes the main approaches to Latin constituent order. Subsequently, the nominal phrase and its constituents are treated. Afterwards, the work focuses on the internal ordering of noun phrases, mainly with adjectives, by means of pragmatic and semantic factors as described in the monographies of Olga Spevak. The functions of adjective grades are also discussed. The empirical part of the thesis focuses on the analysis of attributive adjectives in the comparative and superlative form as used in Cicero's De officiis ("On Duties"). The adjectives analysed are divided into three categories according to their position relative to the head noun and their pragmatic independence. Consequently, the last part deals with the word order rules of the adjectives excerpted and the factors which influence their position.
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Isolated nominal forms in Ancient Greek
Masliš, Martin ; Bakyta, Ján (advisor) ; Pultrová, Lucie (referee)
MASLIŠ, Martin. Isolated nominal forms in Ancient Greek. Prague, 2019. Master's thesis. Charles University. Faculty of Arts. Institute of Greek and Latin Studies. Supervisor Ján BAKYTA. The submitted thesis is a study of isolated nominal forms in Ancient Greek undergoing semantic change. Synchronically isolated lexemes are defined as forms which cannot be classed with their respective cognates by the speakers due to formal disparities. This leads to increased opacity which in turn hampers the mapping of meaning onto the forms during the acquisition phase. Accordingly, a hypothesis that isolated forms are susceptible to semantic change is tested. An argumentation is developed based on the assumed information structure in the mental lexicon of speakers and the mechanism of word meaning acquisition. This process allows for reanalysis on the part of speakers which results in semantic change from the diachronic point of view. Lexemes which have been selected according to the proposed research method are organized in a dataset and their occurrences textually analysed. A synthesis aims to describe the mechanism of semantic change for the transparent as well as isolated forms. Keywords: mental lexicon, derivational family, isolated forms, semantic change, deetymologization
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Continuators of the possessives suus and illorum in the Romance languages
Jančík, Jiří ; Štichauer, Pavel (advisor) ; Aurová, Miroslava (referee) ; Pultrová, Lucie (referee)
English abstract: The text looks into the working of the 6th person possessivity exponence on the base of the analysis of two concrete paradigms - paradigms SUUS and ILLORUM. Its proposal is to comprend and to describe all changes of the semiosis of both of the two paradigms on their transition from the Latin diasystem to the Protoromance and the Romance one. These changes will be mesured and described on the base of the eight parameters of semiotic and semiologic description as changes of (1) formal aspect, (2) conceptual aspect, (3) reference, (4) extension, (5) intension, (6) differential value, (7) paradigmatic relations, (8) syntagmatic relations. On the base of the analysis of the individual diasystems we try to identify the connection, the relationship among the Romance centres, with the objective to identify the sources of the importation of linguistic innovations. English keywords: 6th person possessivity, reflexive possessivity, non-reflexive possessivity, possessives, ILLORUM, SUUS, semiosis, grammaticalization, suppletion, linguistic innovation, exportation of linguistic models, endophoricity, logophoricity, exophoricity, vulgar Latin, classical Latin, Romance languages
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"Quid bello Punico secundo?" Reinterpretation of Utterances Traditionally Edited as "Quid" in Classical Latin Texts
Ctibor, Michal ; Pultrová, Lucie (advisor) ; Mouchová, Bohumila (referee) ; Mikulová, Jana (referee)
The present thesis deals with the Latin non-verbal topic-introducing construction "Quid X?" (which is more or less equivalent to Czech "A co X?" or English "What about X?") and with the question of its editing in the classical Latin Texts. The main hypothesis of the present work is that in the classical Latin texts this construction is in hundreds of cases misinterpreted as "Quid?" (the X-part being joined to the following sentence) which would make of this misinterpretation the greatest systematic error in the modern editing of classical Latin texts. The first part of the thesis presents formal, functional and historical arguments to support such a bold claim and describes other non-verbal constructions beginning with the word quid, which might be and in fact are mistaken with the topic-introducing construction "Quid X?". The inability of the modern editors to reliably distinguish between different non-verbal constructions is caused by several objective factors, one of them being also the fact that the construction "Quid X?" - quite extraordinary in several respects - is rarely and (if at all) unsufficiently treated in grammars and reference books. The absence of the description of the given construction is itself, in turn, caused probably by the general underestimating and overlooking of small...
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Latin translation of the Hebrew infinitive absolute and finite verb construction in Jerome's Vulgate
Flemrová, Sára ; Pultrová, Lucie (advisor) ; Kalivoda, Jan (referee)
This thesis examines how the Hebrew construction of infinitive absolute and finite verb was translated by Jerome in the Vulgate. First, Jerome and the Vulgate as a translation are briefly described. Then the Hebrew infinitive absolute and the construction that it forms with a finite verb with the same root are presented. The main part of the thesis consists in excerpting all instances of the aforementioned construction from the Hebrew Bible and finding their Latin versions in the Vulgate. The data is subject to qualitative and quantitative description. It is first classified according to the type of rendering used (i.e. according to the nature of the Latin forms used to translate the Hebrew original) and every type is then briefly described and some problematic cases are mentioned. Then the data is evaluated according to whether they represent a "hebraizing" translation or not and based on the percentage of the "hebraizing" translations in every biblical book, it is decided whether the claim that Jerome's older translations are more literal than the younger ones is valid.
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Atticist Lexica of the Roman Period: source of information on classical Attic
Vaněk, Adam ; Muchnová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Pultrová, Lucie (referee)
This thesis analyses the ancient Greek lexica concerning the unique characteristics of the Attic dialects and the atticist lexica. The two most important - The Ecloga of Phrynichus and the so called Antiatticist - are put through the analysis of the differences or similarities they have, how they work with the lexical material, how they define the Standard Attic language, what canonical text they operate with and how would the authors have reacted to each other. The other Attic and Atticist lexica are described by quotes with translations. The thesis also summarizes the present status of research in Greek lexicography. Keywords Ancient Greek lexicography, Atticism, Attic Greek, Phrynichus, Antiatticist, Aristophanes of Byzantium, Moiris.
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