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Rights of the victims of crimes and options of their employment during the criminal proceesings
Marvan, Tomáš ; Jelínek, Jiří (advisor) ; Vanduchová, Marie (referee)
Rights of the victims of crimes and options of their employment during the criminal proceedings Abstract This master's thesis inquires into crime victims' rights, their status in the criminal proceedings and actual employability of their guaranteed rights. It contains a brief history of development of the legislative concerning the topic. My thesis comes to a conclusion that especially in the last fifty years, the status and range of crime victims' rights has been constantly improving. Crime victim is becoming less and less just a bearer of evidence of the crime and is more and more becoming an active subject of the criminal proceedings, on which they also have their interest. With the passing of the new Crime Victims' Rights Act, the Czech legal system was enriched by a wide array of victims' rights that provides special care and approach from the state and its authorities. In the heart of the new act is the victim as a target of an undeserved attack in the form of a crime and as such is entitled to help. Necessary help provided to the victim is not only specialized psychological and social assistance, but also straightforward financial help and a kind and understanding approach. One of the main goals of the Crime Victims' Rights Act is prevention and protection from the secondary victimization, which is...
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Radical interpretation, truth, objectivity
Vašíček, Jan ; Koťátko, Petr (advisor) ; Marvan, Tomáš (referee)
Nobody can be wrong in majority of his beliefs about the world. What reasons has Donald Davidson for this claim? This paper is concerned with the connection between three important topics in Davidson's thought - radical interpretation, truth and objectivity. The experiment of radical interpretation is supposed to show the basic conditions of communication. On the basis thus provided, it will be possible to show, after a short summary of flaws in other theories, why we can talk about objective and non-epistemic truth. The relation between truth and knowledge can be specified by the same token. By means of inquiring into the way of how contents of our beliefs emerge, thoughts about the objective world will be shown to fundamentally depend on the social basis of intercommunicating people. This will also contain Davidson's argument against global scepticism. Using firstly the not entirely satisfying "omniscient interpreter" example and then the concept of triangulation, it will be specified what sense has objectivity for Davidson and to which extent is it justified to label him as realist.
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Hare's thesis as a logical and philosophical problem
Luhan, Martin ; Svoboda, Vladimír (advisor) ; Marvan, Tomáš (referee)
Title: Hare's thesis as a logical and philosophical problem Author: Martin Luhan Department: Department of Logic Supervisor: PhDr. Vladimír Svoboda, CSc. Abstract: The present work is aiming to analyse the problem of inferring from impe- rative premisses to an indicative conclusion which goes by the name Hare's Thesis. The logical analysis of the language of morals was the basis of Richard M. Hare's ethical studies. Therefore a brief presentation of his philosophy is given followed by a detailed walkthrough of his way of dealing with impera- tives. Hare states that logic should be interested in dealing with prescriptive sentences. The paper also presents a selection of some of the semantics of logic of imperatives and some of their fundamental problems. Based on this we finally analyse whether the Hare's Thesis which forbids inferring from im- perative premisses to indicative conclusions is acceptable. And we conclude that in most cases it is reasonable to reject it. Keywords: Logic of imperatives, Hare's Thesis, deontic logic, metaethics
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The rise and fall of Russell's 1910-1913 theory of judgment and Wittgenstein's philosphical beginnings
Soutor, Milan ; Marvan, Tomáš (referee) ; Kolman, Vojtěch (advisor)
Russellovi občas bývá jízlivě vyčítáno, že střídal filosofické pozice "jako ponožky," mám-li to říci skutečně jízlivě. Když se dozvídáme o jeho manuskriptech a o skutečnostech, že zatímco zastával jistou filosofickou pozici, již nenápadně a do šuplíku psal texty, kde načrtával alternativní teorie (a přesně takto to bylo s Wittgensteinem vyvrácenou teorií soudu), tento tvůrčí potenciál nás skutečně může udivovat, někdy zase mást, když se pokoušíme v jeho díle zorientovat. Příčiny překotného vývoje jeho filosofie ovšem spíše než v jeho povaze spočívaly v osobách, které měl štěstí potkat a kterým dal prostor do svého vývoje zasáhnout. Vždyť Russell byl na začátku své kariéry přesvědčený Hegelián. Poté, co se setkal s filosofickými názory G. E. Moora, nadšeně je přijal za své a rozvíjel dál ve vztahu k matematice. Podobného rázu bylo i Russellovo setkání s Wittgensteinem, které ovšem jak dokládá korespondence nebylo ve svém důsledku vůbec příjemné. Velice zajímavé na jeho teorii soudu je skutečnost, že tato teorie nebyla libovolným výtvorem, ale sledovala konkrétní problém, který uměla, jak jsem doufám přesvědčil čtenáře, řešit. Můžeme se tedy ptát - a to už může být předmětem další studie - zda Wittgensteinova "korektní teorie propozic," která našla své vyjádření v TLP, řeší Russellovy původní problémy, nebo...
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Information system for educational agencies
Marván, Tomáš ; Zavoral, Filip (referee) ; Bednárek, David (advisor)
The goal of this work is to implement an internet and intranet information system for registering lectors and students in an educational agency, together with their abilities, requirements, time possibilities etc. The system allows all the administrator, lectors and students to enter data. The entered data are liable to validation by the administrator. The system is able to partly automate administrator's tasks within pairing of lectors and students according to the entered information.
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