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Effect of drought on plant-soil interactions
Secká, Gabriela ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Florianová, Anna (referee)
There are feedback processes happening between plants and the soil, called plant-soil feedback (PSF), during which the plants affect the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil and the soil in turn affects not only fitness of individual plant types, but also interspecific interactions. The influence of PSF can manifest either instantaneously or with a delay, and it has a lot of external factors affecting it. The aim of my work was literary research, which focuses on the effects of drought on PSF. Frequent and repeating droughts, which are one of the consequences of climate change, affect not only the processes happening in ecosystems, but also individual organisms present in them, including microorganisms living in the soil. Intense droughts mainly cause temperature increases, decreases in soil moisture and soil degradation. The consequences of the drought include lowering of the primary productivity of plants and changes in the composition of soil and plant ecosystems. These changes, which influence the PSF, manifest as either positive or negative feedback.
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Effect of climate change in winter on vegetation
Skácelová, Anna ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Schnablová, Renata (referee)
This bachelor's thesis focuses on winter climate change and its impact on vegetation. It examines the importance of snow cover in relation to soil temperature, moisture, and the degree of microbial activity and nutrient mineralization. That is followed by a discussion of the effects of these factors on plants, specifically changes of their phenology, physiology, and changes of plant communities. This thesis also includes a brief chapter on research methods for studying winter climate change on vegetation. The aim of this work is to try to summarize current knowledge in the aforementioned area and identify gaps in research of this topic.
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Interaction of plants and soil and other factors affecting plant invasiveness
Aldorfová, Anna ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Allan, Eric (referee) ; Šmilauer, Petr (referee)
Plant invasions represent a major ecological and socio-economical issue and understanding the drivers as well as consequences of plant invasions is thus one of the main goals of plant ecology. It is equally important to reveal general patterns underlying plant invasions and to understand the details of biology of individual invaders. In this thesis I explored plant-soil feedback (PSF) as a possible general mechanism underlying plant invasiveness, and also focused in detail on drivers and consequences of Impatiens parviflora invasion. The aims of this thesis were to i) assess the differences in intraspecific PSF between invasive and alien non-invasive species using a large set of species; ii) explore the relationship between PSF, residence time and phylogenetic novelty of the alien species; iii) compare the importance of PSF and other plant characteristics for plant invasiveness; iv) compare PSF between invasive and native congeners of similar level of dominance in the field; v) evaluate the effect of cultivating conditions on results of PSF experiments; vi) describe invasion dynamics and determine factors affecting spread of invasive I. parviflora using a method of monitoring its natural spread in several types of habitats, and vii) assess the impact of I. parviflora on native vegetation of oak-...
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Effect of climate change on plant-soil interactions
Billichová, Tereza ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Kolaříková, Zuzana (referee)
Climate change is an important driving force capable of affecting individual organisms as well as entire ecosystems and mechanisms inside them. One of these mechanisms is plant-soil feedback (PSF), which on its own plays an important role in the functioning of organisms and may contribute to nutrient cycling (including decomposition), activity of soil organism or plant competition and viability due to the relationship with their pathogens and mutualists. How climate change affects these relationships may play a significant role in the future survival of these species and the dynamics of ecosystems. The aim of this work was to provide literature review on the impact of climate change (mainly on the impact of temperature changes and water availability) on the plant-soil feedback. As an introduction, the thesis describes this feedback and further discusses the impact of climate change on plants, soil biota and soil properties. Then this thesis puts these knowledges into the context of the PSF and supplement them with other findings directly from this area of research. In the end, this thesis briefly summarizes a research methodology of this matter and outlines the possible continuation for a diploma thesis. Key words: climatic change, plant-soil feedback, soil properties, pathogens, mutualists
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Germination requirements of rare and common plant species of Giant Mountains
Paulů, Andrea ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Moravcová, Lenka (referee)
For a long time studies were focused on searching optimal conditions of germination of individual species. During the last few years studies have started to search for a relationship between germination and various species characteristics. Most of them, however, use only one temperature during germination tests. Very few studies use more than one temperature during the germination tests. In the last years studies started also to compare germination between rare and common species, but these studies compare just a few species. There are no studies which would compare germination on broader range of species. Aim of this study was to indentify which factors are determing germination of species and to find relationships between germination and characteristics of rare species (n=62). Another aim was to find out differences in germination of pairs (n=24) of closely related rare and common species. To test the germination I have chosen a methodology with several consecutive temperatures. Throughout the time of testing , the seeds were placed either in light or in dark. The dataset was processed by linear regression. The results show that germination requirements of species are determinet by time of flowering, weight of seeds, dispersal mode, species requirements for soil humidity and nutrients and type of...
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Plant adaptation to climate change
Koláříková, Veronika ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Sklenář, Petr (referee)
Climate change represents important selective force for plants. They have to deal with this change otherwise they are facing the risk of extinction. Understanding the mechanism which plants use to avoid the risk is essential for effective conservation of biodiversity. The climate change can exceed the tolerance of plants to abiotic factors. The plants can react to the changes by migration, phenotypic plasticity, evolutionary adaption or by a combination of these strategies. Phenotypic plasticity and evolutionary adaption are manifested by a change of physiology, morphology and/or phenology of plants. This work summarizes the findings of these ecological and evolutionary strategies and also presents methods used for studying species response to climate change. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Development of dry grassland communities during recultivation of limestone quarries
Turek, Pavel ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Kladivová, Anna (referee)
My bachelor thesis is about methods of reclamation and rejuvenation of limestone limestone quarry, that are a very interesting location from an ecological point of view. I briefly pointed out the positives and negatives of individual used methods, such as reclamation, that aims to restore the vegetation cover quickly, but is very expensive and species that appear on the reclaimed locations aren't nearly as rare, as those on locations that are left to natural succession. Natural succession has the best results if the location is in close vicinity to a source of seeds. Reclaimed areas show a significantly lower biodiversity and hinder protection of rare and key species as opposed to natural succession. To avoid this, in some cases we can use smaller interventions instead of reclamation, and these interventions should be done as delicately as possible with the principles of natural succession in mind. I've noted important factors such as the microclimate, the soil conditions and the source of seeds, that can affect the succession and the legislation and waste law, that influence to a certain degree how the rejuvenation of disrupted sites proceeds.
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Factors determining species diversity and species composition of abandoned fields
Procházka, Tomáš ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Karlík, Petr (referee)
6 Abstract Factors determining plant species composition and species diversity of former fields in Slavkovský les The secondary succesion is relatively thoroughly examined phenomenon, but quite little is known about wet secondary grasslands developed on the former farmland. There is a large number of abandoned fields in the Slavkovský les protected landscape area, western Bohemia, which occuring on mesic to wet soil. For this study an area surrounding Ovesné Kladruby hamlet was chosen. The aim of this thesis is to explore, which plant species can occur on the former fields and how the species composition and species diversity is effected by environmental and historical factors, such as soil properties, distance from an old grassland and the age of the field. I made 190 phytosociological relevés and noted 215 species of vascular plants. Some rare species were also present, e.g. an orchid Dactylorhiza majalis and state protected species Triglochin palustre. Species composition data were explored using multivariate analyses and species diversity data using linear regression. Species composition was effected mainly by soil properties. The effect of soil nitrogen and phosphorus content was the strongest one. Soil nitrogen content was positively correlated with soil moisture and on such localities mainly wetland...
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