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Bank Efficiency, Risk, and Capital in the Visegrad Group Countries
Fraňo, Filip ; Teplý, Petr (advisor) ; Lešanovská, Jitka (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to estimate the cost efficiency of the banks from the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia during 2008-2013 using stochastic frontier analysis. In addition to this, mutual relationships between the changes in banks' cost efficiency, risk- taking, and capital position are examined. First, the literature that is concerned with these relationships is reviewed and the stochastic frontier approach towards the efficiency estimation is outlined. In the empirical analysis, the cost efficiency of the banks from the aforementioned countries is estimated. The results suggest that the Czech and the Polish banks from the sample have the highest average cost efficiency while the Hungarian banks rank the lowest. The estimated efficiency is decreasing during the sample period. No conclusive results are found to support the hypothesis that the larger banks exhibit higher cost efficiency. Subsequently, the system of simultaneous equations is applied to test the mutual relationships between the changes in the banks' cost efficiency, risk-taking, and capital position. The results suggest a negative relationship between the changes in risk-taking and cost efficiency and between the changes in capital position and risk-taking of the banks. Moreover, the results do not indicate simultaneous...
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Interconnectedness of capital markets during the financial crisis
Kocholová, Soňa ; Gapko, Petr (advisor) ; Lešanovská, Jitka (referee)
We study the interconnectedness between the United States and thirty three international stock markets during the period of January 2003 to December 2012, with an emphasis on the global financial crisis of autumn 2008. By applying the DCC-GARCH model, our results show evidence of the increase in correlation during the period of crisis. The largest increase was reported for Argentina and India. The average increase was 0.164. Within the sample period, the US stock market was found to be the most correlated with markets of Brazil, Canada, France, Germany, Euro Area and Mexico and the least correlated with markets of China, Malaysia and New Zealand. In the second part of the thesis we study the relationship between the four selected markets (China, Euro Area, Japan and United States) and macroeconomic variables (exchange rate, total trade, industrial production and interest rates). The markets show positive relationship with the exchange rate, trade and the industrial production. The interest rate does not reveal any specific, negative nor positive, relationship. We conclude that more indices respond to a shock in one index in a very similar way. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Underpricing IPO in Russian Market
Aleynikova, Xenia ; Dědek, Oldřich (advisor) ; Lešanovská, Jitka (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the undervaluation of initial public offerings on the Russian market during the period of 2003-2014 using the ordinary least squares method. The main emphasis of the thesis lies in the development of primary emissions on the Russian market. Moreover, the previous literature is diversified by combining theory of asymmetric information with the analysis of market cycles. We have proved that shares are undervalued on average with the help of the latest figures from the Russian IPO market. By the subsequent analysis of the undervaluation phenomena and factors like age of the institution, size of the institution underwriters, market cycles, supply price of the issued shares, sector of the institution and P/E, P/CF indexes, we have arrived at the conclusion that the Russian IPO market is still developing. We have also demonstrated that in the case of high activity on the IPO market, the so called ¨hot period¨ on the market, and in the case of overpriced shares, the Russian IPO companies undervalue their shares. According to the analysis of the Russian IPO market, the main stress has been put on the companies that belong to the industrial and energy sectors and the analysis has also shown that the reputation of the underwriters does not influence the undervaluation of the...
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Procyclicality of Bank Lending and Provisioning Behavior
Svoboda, Jan ; Šopov, Boril (advisor) ; Lešanovská, Jitka (referee)
The aim of this paper is to investigate the procyclical behavior of banks in terms of lending and loan loss provisioning, and its dynamics with regard to the adoption of the Basel II capital regulation. Using bank-level and country-level panel data spanning from 1996 to 2013 we answer this question for the OECD and BRIC countries. We find a positive effect of bank capitalization on loans growth, which, perhaps due to the recent financial crisis, weakened after 2008. Together with evidence of income smoothing and capital management we also find strong cyclical behavior of banks in terms of loan loss provisioning. At the same time, we do not find any robust changes to this behavior after the introduction of the Basel II capital regulation. We fill a gap in the empirical literature as there has been hardly any research done on changes brought forward by the adoption of the Basel II capital regulation. The results may be therefore of interest for regulators and other professionals. Moreover, we use in our analysis data for BRIC countries, which have been often neglected.
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Banking fee income in the Czech Republic and the EU
Růžičková, Karolína ; Teplý, Petr (advisor) ; Lešanovská, Jitka (referee)
This thesis deals with both theoretical and practical aspects of banking fee and commission income in the European Union. Since fee income represents the largest part of non-interest income earned by banks, it remains a major challenge for bank management to set and maintain an appropriate fee policy. Nevertheless, solving for the optimal fee structure has not yet been accomplished either on a theoretical level, or in actual practice. In the thesis, we analyse fee income in EU banking sectors. Our results show that the Czech banking sector was not abnormally dependent on fee income compared to other EU countries in the period 2007-2012. As a result, we argue that the high profitability of Czech banks cannot be attributed to abnormal banking fees and commission income, but rather other factors should be considered. Moreover, we study the determinants of fee income share in individual banks and discuss the impact of market concentration on the magnitude of banking fees. We conclude that banks facing higher competition tend to expand more aggressively into non- traditional activities and therefore they report higher fee income shares. We also study the relationship between banking fees and banks' performance. The results are mixed depending on applied profitability measure, but in general, banks with...
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Central Banks' Financial Strength and Monetary Policy
Kadlec, Jan ; Holub, Tomáš (advisor) ; Lešanovská, Jitka (referee)
The objective of this thesis is to see how effectively can central banks can conduct monetary policy under specific circumstances. Four hypothesis are being examined on the case study of five central banks - the Czech National Bank, the Central Bank of Chile, the Bank of Jamaica, the Central Bank of Argentina and the Swiss National Bank. Firstly this work confirms that solid monetary policy can be applied even if CB is dealing with loss based on inflation targeting success rate of central banks. Secondly, in the case of Czech National Bank using VAR, was concluded that inflation expectations can influence the outcome of CB's monetary policy. In the second part of this hypothesis the expectations from the government side in SNB case were examined. On the case of Argentina the negative effect of adjusting monetary policy was demonstrated. The last part elaborates on the topic of determining optimal capitalisation of central bank.
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Interbank contagion under the Basel III regulatory framework
Chleboun, Jakub ; Jakubík, Petr (advisor) ; Lešanovská, Jitka (referee)
This study assesses the impact of the Basel III regulatory framework on interbank contagion. It focuses on the direct interbank contagion that spreads via interbank foreign claims among national banking sectors. A balance sheet-based network model employs the quarterly consolidated banking statistics, collected by the Bank for International Settlements, to simulate the consequences of credit and funding shock under stressed market conditions. Compared to the Basel II, the Basel III regulatory framework reduces the probability of interbank contagion (following a simulated default of one banking sector) from 31% to 14% and lowers the impact of contagion by 63% in terms of average loss for a banking sector. The simulations under both regulatory frameworks show that relatively smaller banking sectors can trigger severe interbank contagion comparable to large banking sectors. Throughout the 2005-2009 period, the Basel III regulatory framework stabilizes the fluctuations of the scope of interbank contagion.
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The Impact of Basel III on European Banks
Šútorová, Barbora ; Teplý, Petr (advisor) ; Lešanovská, Jitka (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to take a closer look on how the stricter capital requirements defined in the Basel III framework will influence European banks from a complex point of view - lending rates and volumes of provided loans, profitability, risk taking and market value of banks. Our analysis employing simultaneous equations and panel data models on exp post data on almost 600 banks operating in the EU in the 2005-2011 period reports following results: (1) Those banks that will be forced to effectively increase their common equity ratio (CE/RWA) will reflect a one percentage point increase in this ratio into higher lending rates by 18.8 basis points. (2) This should, in turn, lead to a modest impact on the volume of provided loans, i.e. as a result of an increase of CE/RWA to 9.5 % (the case of the strictest scenario), the loan volumes are expected to be lowered by 2% from the current volume. (3) Our study further reports that higher capital requirements will cause a decrease in banks' profitability accompanied by a drop in risk taking. Banks increasing their CE/RWA by one percentage point are expected to experience a decrease in their profitability (measured by ROAA) by 0.174 percentage points. (4) The above mentioned effects were identified as rather negative signals for equity owners, which should be...
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Profitability of Foreign Owned Banks in Central and Eastern European Countries
Kufnerová, Andrea ; Lešanovská, Jitka (advisor) ; Lypko, Vyacheslav (referee)
Since foreign owned banks create important market shares in the banking sectors in the Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries, the aim of this study is to detect the determinants of the profitability of foreign banks operating in this region. In our study, we focus on the sample of foreign owned banks in 10 CEE countries during the period 2003-2011. We investigate, using the econometric analysis, the impact of bank-specific, macroeconomic and market structure characteristics as well as the euro area development on the profitability of foreign owned banks. We also examine whether the impact of these determinants differs in the period before the global financial crisis and during the crisis. Our results suggest significant influence of the bank-specific factors on the profitability of foreign owned banks and that the sensitivity of profitability to bank-specific characteristics has even risen during the crisis period. Surprisingly, we do not find the relation between the market structure in the host country, where the banks operate, and the profitability similarly to the participation of the host country in the European Union and the euro area. However, some of the macroeconomic variables capturing both the host country and the euro area developments affect bank profitability but in some cases...
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Social and economic impacts of Ukrainian immigration in the Czech Republic
Hluštíková, Kateřina ; Strielkowski, Wadim (advisor) ; Lešanovská, Jitka (referee)
Ukraine is currently one of the largest exporters of foreign labour force, which among other countries has a significant share in the Czech Republic. Based on available literature this thesis summarizes meaning and general impact of migration, especially remittances, and brings an overview of history and causes of Ukrainian migration. The empirical part deals with the evolution of sending remittances in time based on the remittance decay hypothesis. The main purpose of this thesis is to verify whether the duration of a stay abroad has a real impact on the amount of remittances, and whether the remittance behaviour differs for permanent and temporary migrants. Data from questionnaire survey in seven EU member countries provided by MIRPAL (Migration and Remittance Peer Assisted learnings) were used for this analysis. It was determined that propensity to remit declines rapidly with increasing length of stay abroad. However, there was no impact of time on the amount of remittances. Surprisingly, the effect of planned return wasn't proven in relation to the amount nor to propensity to remit. The crucial impact lies in family ties and income, both of which support pure altruistic motives of Ukrainian migrants. JEL Classification: F22, F24, J21, J24 Key words: migration, remittances, Ukraine, Czech...
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